Diversity of Butterflies (Ordo Lepidoptera) and Flower Plants in Mount Muria Kudus, Central Java

Indonesia is a megadiverse country. Butterflies become one of the Indonesian diversities. Indonesia has the second-highest butterfly species in the world with more than 2000 species. Flower plants are used by butterflies as hostplants and foodplant. The aims of this research were to know butterflies’ diversity and food plants in Mount Muria at Kudus City, Central Java. The research used the quadran sampling transect method with three stations (along 2 km). The research was conducted in March and June 2020. The tools used were insect net, termohigrometer, lux meter, digital camera, roll meter, GPS, ja,r and identification book. Data on butterflies diversity were analyzed by Shannon-Wiener (H’), Evenness index (E), Relative Abundance (Pi), Simpson Dominance Index (D), Density (KR) Frequency (FR), and Important Value Index (IVI). Results of the research showed that at least 40 species of six family butterflies found at Mt. Muria. Butterflies at Mt. Muria area has a medium diversity, medium evenness, and low dominance. Leptosia nina has the highest relative abundance, frequency, density and IVI (Important Value Index). Butterflies were found frequently feeding on flowers as hostplants and foodplants. 31 species of flower plants were found at Mt. Muria. The most used plant as hostplants and foodplants by butterfly is Lantana camara, and Chromolaena odorata from Verbenaceae and Asteraceae.

A Method to Identify Geochemical Mineralization on Linear Transects

Mineral exploration in biogeochemistry is related to the detection of anomalies in soil, which is driven by many factors and thus a complex problem. Mikšová, Rieser, and Filzmoser (2019b) have introduced a method for the identification of spatial patterns with increased element concentrations in samples along a linear sampling transect. This procedure is based on fitting Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) to the concentration data, and computing a curvature measure from the pairwise log-ratios of these fits. The higher the curvature, the more likely one or both elements of the pair indicate local mineralization. This method is applied on two geochemical data sets which have been collected specifically for the purpose of mineral exploration. The aim is to test the technique for its ability to identify pathfinder elements to detect mineralized zones, and to verify whether the method can indicate which sampling material is best suited for this purpose.

The distribution of methylated sulfur compounds, DMS and DMSP, in Canadian Subarctic and Arctic marine waters during summer, 2015

We present seawater concentrations of dimethylsulfide (DMS), and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) measured across a transect from the Labrador Sea to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, during summer 2015. Using an automated ship-board gas chromatography system, and a membrane-inlet mass spectrometer, we measured a range of DMS (~ 1 nM to 18 nM) and DMSP concentrations (~ 1 nM to 150 nM) that was consistent with previous observations in the Arctic Ocean. The highest DMS and DMSP concentrations occurred in a localized region of Baffin Bay, where surface waters were characterized by high chlorophyll a (chl a) fluorescence, indicative of elevated phytoplankton biomass. Across the full sampling transect, there were only weak relationships between DMS/P, chl a fluorescence and other measured variables, including positive relationships between DMSP : chl a ratios and several taxonomic marker pigments, and elevated DMS/P concentrations in partially ice-covered areas. Our high spatial resolution measurements allowed us to examine DMS variability over small scales (

Pinna nobilis mapping in Posidonia oceanica meadows by video-photographic techniques in the Gulf of Oristano, Sardinia

Pinna nobilis spatial distribution have been analysed trough a video - photographic approach in a Posidonia oceanica meadow in the Gulf of Oristano (Sardinia, Italy). In situ visual censuses and 2D/3D georeferenced vertical photographic survey were conducted by SCUBA diving in different sampling transect. The experimental procedure was carried out in the summer of 2014. Data have been processed using the photogrammetric techniques, in particular, in this work we presented the procedure and processing techniques to realize the orthographic planar micro cartography mosaics from photo sequences. Results of this study, although preliminary, showed the time-cost effectiveness of this approach to map the benthic species.

Pinna nobilis mapping in Posidonia oceanica meadows by video-photographic techniques in the Gulf of Oristano, Sardinia

Pinna nobilis spatial distribution have been analysed trough a video - photographic approach in a Posidonia oceanica meadow in the Gulf of Oristano (Sardinia, Italy). In situ visual censuses and 2D/3D georeferenced vertical photographic survey were conducted by SCUBA diving in different sampling transect. The experimental procedure was carried out in the summer of 2014. Data have been processed using the photogrammetric techniques, in particular, in this work we presented the procedure and processing techniques to realize the orthographic planar micro cartography mosaics from photo sequences. Results of this study, although preliminary, showed the time-cost effectiveness of this approach to map the benthic species.

Pleistocene ice and paleo-strain rates at Taylor Glacier, Antarctica

Ice exposed in ablation zones of ice sheets can be a valuable source of samples for paleoclimate studies and information about long-term ice dynamics. We report a 28-km long stable isotope sampling transect along a flowline on lower Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, and show that ice from the last glacial period is exposed here over tens of kilometers. Gas isotope analyses on a small number of samples confirm our age hypothesis. These chronostratigraphic data contain information about past ice dynamics and in particular should be sensitive to the longitudinal strain rate on the north flank of Taylor Dome, averaged over millennia. The imprint of climatic changes on ice dynamics may be discernible in these data.

Spatial resolution in subfossil molluscan remains: Implications for paleobiological analyses

The ability of paleobiologists to draw paleoecological inferences based on spatial faunal variability within a single stratigraphic interval depends ultimately on the spatial resolving power of the fossil record. This paper evaluates the potential spatial resolution of fossil assemblages by examining modern skeletal remains of molluscs on a benthic transect, along which there is a marked decrease in seagrass cover, in Smuggler's Cove, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. The sampling transect began in a Thalassia-covered area approximately three meters deep, extended into slightly deeper water with lighter seagrass cover, and ended on an open, bioturbated sandy tract at a depth of nearly six meters.Two-way cluster analysis and polar ordination of 37 samples of molluscan remains, taken at 10-meter intervals along the 360-meter transect, reveal patterns of variation that are shown by correlation analyses and consideration of the autecologies of individual species to be related to measured changes in vegetation. There is a transition from dominance primarily by epifaunal gastropods living on seagrass blades to dominance by infaunal, burrowing bivalves as grass cover becomes lighter. Some non-systematic variability exists in faunal distributional patterns within areas where the environment does not vary systematically, but this does not mask the regular faunal transitions related to environmental changes. Correspondence between the dead and live faunas is difficult to ascertain because of the scarcity of live fauna in collected samples.The results suggest that spatial faunal transitions in fossil remains at even the fine scale evaluated in this study are potentially preservable in the fossil record.