On the Origin of Deep Baffin Bay Water

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Labrador Sea ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

A comparison of the temperature–salinity relationships of waters found in the Arctic Ocean, Baffin Bay and Smith Sound shows that the deep Baffin Bay water originates in the Arctic Ocean rather than through an influx of a mixture of Labrador Sea deep water and Baffin Bay surface water, the salinity of which has been increased sufficiently by freezing to cause the water to sink, as suggested previously by other investigators.

scholarly journals Preliminary Screening for Microplastic Concentrations in the Surface Water of the Ob and Tom Rivers in Siberia, Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Yulia A. Frank ◽  
Egor D. Vorobiev ◽  
Danil S. Vorobiev ◽  
Andrey A. Trifonov ◽  
Dmitry V. Antsiferov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
River System ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Freshwater Systems ◽  
Ob River ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Blank Spot

To date, the largest Russian rivers discharging to the Arctic Ocean remain a “blank spot” on the world map of data on the distribution of microplastics in freshwater systems. This study characterizes the abundance and morphology of microplastics in surface water of the Ob River and its large tributary, the Tom River, in western Siberia. The average number of particles for the two rivers ranged from 44.2 to 51.2 items per m3 or from 79.4 to 87.5 μg per m3 in the Tom River and in the Ob River, respectively. Of the recovered microplastics, 93.5% were less than 1 mm in their largest dimension, the largest group (45.5% of total counts) consisted of particles with sizes range 0.30–1.00 mm. Generally, microfragments of irregular shape were the most abundant among the Ob and Tom samples (47.4%) and exceeded microfibers (22.1%), microfilms (20.8%), and microspheres (9.74%) by average counts. Results from this study provide a baseline for understanding the scale of the transport of microplastics by the Ob River system into the Arctic Ocean and add to currently available data on microplastics abundance and diversity in freshwater systems of differing global geographic locations.

scholarly journals Arctic Deep Water Ferromanganese‐Oxide Deposits Reflect the Unique Characteristics of the Arctic Ocean

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3771-3800 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Hein ◽  
Natalia Konstantinova ◽  
Mariah Mikesell ◽  
Kira Mizell ◽  
Jessica N. Fitzsimmons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

The contribution of the Greenland and Barents seas to the deep water of the Arctic Ocean

1983 ◽  
Vol 88 (C10) ◽  
pp. 5981 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Swift ◽  
Taro Takahashi ◽  
Hugh D. Livingston
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

Hydrographic Changes in Nares Strait (Canadian Arctic Archipelago) in Recent Decades Based on δ18O Profiles of Bivalve Shells

ARCTIC ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta E. Torres ◽  
Daniela Zima ◽  
Kelly K. Falkner ◽  
Robie W. Macdonald ◽  
Mary O'Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
Nares Strait ◽  
The North ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Oxygen Isotopic ◽  
Bivalve Shells

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Nares Strait is one of three main passages of the Canadian Archipelago that channel relatively fresh seawater from the Arctic Ocean through Baffin Bay to the Labrador Sea. Oxygen isotopic profiles along the growth axis of bivalve shells, collected live over the 5 – 30 m depth range from the Greenland and Ellesmere Island sides of the strait, were used to reconstruct changes in the hydrography of the region over the past century. The variability in oxygen isotope ratios is mainly attributed to variations in salinity and suggests that the northern end of Nares Strait has been experiencing an increase in freshwater runoff since the mid 1980s. The recent changes are most pronounced at the northern end of the strait and diminish toward the south, a pattern consistent with proximity to the apparently freshening Arctic Ocean source in the north and mixing with Baffin Bay waters as the water progresses southward. This increasing freshwater signal may reflect changes in circulation and ice formation that favor an increased flow of relatively fresh waters from the Arctic Ocean into Nares Strait. </span>

scholarly journals Deep water circulation and composition in the Arctic Ocean by dissolved barium, aluminium and silicate

2012 ◽  
Vol 132-133 ◽  
pp. 56-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Roeske ◽  
M. Rutgers vd Loeff ◽  
R. Middag ◽  
K. Bakker
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Water Circulation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

scholarly journals Deep-Water Flow over the Lomonosov Ridge in the Arctic Ocean

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1489-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
M-L. Timmermans ◽  
P. Winsor ◽  
J. A. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Thermohaline Circulation ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Volume Flow Rate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Lomonosov Ridge ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Canadian Basin

Abstract The Arctic Ocean likely impacts global climate through its effect on the rate of deep-water formation and the subsequent influence on global thermohaline circulation. Here, the renewal of the deep waters in the isolated Canadian Basin is quanitified. Using hydraulic theory and hydrographic observations, the authors calculate the magnitude of this renewal where circumstances have thus far prevented direct measurements. A volume flow rate of Q = 0.25 ± 0.15 Sv (Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) from the Eurasian Basin to the Canadian Basin via a deep gap in the dividing Lomonosov Ridge is estimated. Deep-water renewal time estimates based on this flow are consistent with 14C isolation ages. The flow is sufficiently large that it has a greater impact on the Canadian Basin deep water than either the geothermal heat flux or diffusive fluxes at the deep-water boundaries.

scholarly journals Elevated sources of cobalt in the Arctic Ocean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randelle M. Bundy ◽  
Alessandro Tagliabue ◽  
Nicholas J. Hawco ◽  
Peter L. Morton ◽  
Benjamin S. Twining ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
Shelf Area ◽  
The North ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract. Cobalt (Co) is an important bioactive trace metal that can limit or co-limit phytoplankton growth in many regions of the ocean. Total dissolved and labile Co measurements in the Canadian sector of the Arctic Ocean during U.S. GEOTRACES Arctic expedition (GN01) and the Canadian International Polar Year-GEOTRACES expedition (GIPY14) revealed a dynamic biogeochemical cycle for Co in this basin. The major sources of Co in the Arctic were from shelf regions and rivers, with only minimal contributions from other freshwater sources (sea ice, snow) and aeolian deposition. The most striking feature was the extremely high concentrations of dissolved Co in the upper 100 m, with concentrations routinely exceeding 800 pmol L−1 over the shelf regions. This plume of high Co persisted throughout the Arctic basin and extended to the North Pole, where sources of Co shifted from primarily shelf-derived to riverine, as freshwater from Arctic rivers was entrained in the Transpolar Drift. Dissolved Co was also strongly organically-complexed in the Arctic, ranging from 70–100 % complexed in the surface and deep ocean, respectively. Deep water concentrations of dissolved Co were remarkably consistent throughout the basin (~ 55 pmol L−1), with concentrations reflecting those of deep Atlantic water and deep ocean scavenging of dissolved Co. A biogeochemical model of Co cycling was used to support the hypothesis that the majority of the high surface Co in the Arctic was emanating from the shelf. The model showed that the high concentrations of Co observed along the transect were due to the large shelf area of the Arctic, as well as dampened scavenging of Co by manganese (Mn)-oxidizing bacteria due to the lower temperatures. The majority of this scavenging appears to have occurred in the upper 200 m, with minimal additional scavenging below this depth. Preliminary evidence suggests that both dissolved and labile Co are increasing over time on the Arctic shelf, and the elevated surface concentrations of Co likely leads to a net flux of Co out of the Arctic, with implications for downstream biological uptake of Co in the North Atlantic and elevated Co in North Atlantic Deep Water. Understanding the current distributions of Co in the Arctic will be important for constraining changes to Co inputs resulting from regional intensification of freshwater fluxes from ice and permafrost melt in response to ongoing climate change.

scholarly journals A High‐Resolution Geomagnetic Relative Paleointensity Record From the Arctic Ocean Deep‐Water Gateway Deposits During the Last 60 kyr

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Caricchi ◽  
Renata Giulia Lucchi ◽  
Leonardo Sagnotti ◽  
Patrizia Macrì ◽  
Alessio Di Roberto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Relative Paleointensity

Oceanographic Features of the Canadian Archipelago

1957 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 731-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Beaufort Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Temperature Structure ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
The North ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
North Water ◽  
Ice Floes

Oceanographic data collected during the first cruise of H.M.C.S. Labrador to the Canadian Arctic in August and September 1954 permit comparisons of the vertical temperature and salinity structures in Baffin Bay, the Canadian Archipelago and the Arctic Ocean. From a comparison of the temperature–salinity characteristics of the waters in the Arctic Ocean (Beaufort Sea) with those in Baffin Bay, it is found that: (a) the surface waters of the Arctic Ocean are much less saline than those in Baffin Bay, but minimum temperatures are the same (−1.8 °C), (b) the waters of the upper 200 m. in Baffin Bay are denser than those found at corresponding depths in the Arctic Ocean, (c) below 200 m., Arctic waters are the denser, and below 500 m. they are denser than any waters found in Baffin Bay, and (d) waters found at 250 m. in the Beaufort Sea, at 500 m. in Smith Sound, and at 1250 m. in central Baffin Bay, have identical temperature and salinity characteristics (−0.3 °C., 34.4‰).In addition the data permitted limited investigations into the effect of drifting ice floes on the vertical temperature structure of the water, the origin of the "north water", long-term variations in the oceanographic conditions in Baffin Bay, and dynamic calculations of currents and volume transports of the waters through the channels leading into Baffin Bay.

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