Reversible Changes in Adrenal Cortical Cell Morphology and Plasma Hydroxycorticosteroids During Freshwater Portion of the Spawning Journey of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry L. Heyl ◽  
Stanley J. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Dense Body ◽  
Cortical Cell ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Multiple Spawning ◽  
Cyclic Changes ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Cells

Adrenal cortical tissue taken from Atlantic salmon netted in the estuary of the Miramichi River, New Brunswick, at three stages of gonadal activity showed increasing hyperplasia from July to October, with varying degrees of regression or degeneration by the following April. Adrenal cortical cells in April fish contained a characteristic paranuclear dense body, the light and electron microscopic appearances of which are described and discussed. Levels of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids in the plasma almost doubled from July to October and returned to July values by the following April. The presence of these cyclic changes in Atlantic salmon and their absence in Pacific salmon are discussed. Data indicate that genetic factors may be important in determination of the capacity for multiple spawning journeys by some Atlantic salmon.

scholarly journals Electron Microscopic Radioautographic Study on Mitochondrial DNA Synthesis in Adrenal Cortical Cells of Developing and Aging Mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 683-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuji Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Cortical Cell ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Labeling Index ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Development And Aging ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Synthesis ◽  
Developing Mice

In order to study the aging changes of intramitochondrial DNA synthesis of mouse adrenal cortical cells, eight groups of developing mice, each consisting of three individuals (total 24), from fetal day 19 to postnatal newborn at days 1, 3, 9, 14, to adult at months 1, 2, and 6, were injected with3H-thymidine, sacrificed 1 h later, and the adrenal tissues were fixed and processed for electron microscopic (EM) radioautography. On EM radioautograms obtained from each animal, the number of mitochondria and the mitochondrial labeling index labeled with3H-thymidine showing DNA synthesis in each adrenal cortical cell, in three zones, were counted and the results in respective developing groups were compared. From the results, it was demonstrated that the numbers of mitochondria in the three zones, the zona glomerulosa, fasciculata, and reticularis, of mice at various ages increased from fetal day 19 to postnatal month 6 due to development and aging of animals, respectively, while the number of labeled mitochondria and the labeling index of intramitochondrial DNA syntheses incorporating3H-thymidine increased from fetal day 19 to postnatal month 2, reaching the maxima, and decreased to month 6. It was shown that the activity of intramitochondrial DNA synthesis in the adrenal cortical cells in developing and aging mice changed due to aging.

Histological Comparisons of the Adrenal-Cortical Cells of Hatchery and Wild Landlocked Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-508
Author(s):  
Robert M. Davis ◽  
Owen C. Fenderson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Cortical Cell ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Cells

No differences were found in mean diameters of adrenal-cortical cell nuclei between hatchery parr of landlocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) killed immediately after removal from hatchery rearing pools and wild parr electrofished in two streams, and between hatchery and wild parr held for various periods in an outdoor stream aquarium simulating natural conditions. The similarities suggested that the wild and hatchery parr were similar in physiological response to environmental stress. In both hatchery and wild parr, the diameters differed at different times, indicating a downward trend from May to August in the one year of the study. No consistent relation was found between nucleus diameter and social behavior.

Synthesis of alpha 2-macroglobulin by bovine adrenal cortical cell cultures

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (4) ◽  
pp. C779-C785 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kirshner ◽  
J. J. Corcoran ◽  
H. P. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Cortical Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Weight Protein ◽  
Cortical Cell Cultures ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Cells

Primary cultures of bovine adrenal medullary cells synthesize and secrete a high-molecular-weight protein into the culture medium. The protein was purified from the serum-free medium of cultured cells and was identified as alpha 2-macroglobulin by gel electrophoresis, sedimentation velocity, electron microscopy, immunoprecipitation, immunodiffusion, and autoradiography. Antisera directed against the protein were prepared and used to determine the cell types that synthesize the protein. Immunohistofluorescence studies show that adrenal cortical cells present in the adrenal medullary cell cultures reacted with the antisera to the protein purified from the medium, but adrenal medullary chromaffin cells did not. Cell cultures prepared from bovine adrenal cortex also synthesize and secrete alpha 2-macroglobulin and react with the antisera.

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Protein Macromolecules

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 424-425
Author(s):  
Henry S. Slayter
Keyword(s):  
Biological Systems ◽  
Metal Vapor ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Transmission Electron

Electron microscopic methods have been applied increasingly during the past fifteen years, to problems in structural molecular biology. Used in conjunction with physical chemical methods and/or Fourier methods of analysis, they constitute powerful tools for determining sizes, shapes and modes of aggregation of biopolymers with molecular weights greater than 50, 000. However, the application of the e.m. to the determination of very fine structure approaching the limit of instrumental resolving power in biological systems has not been productive, due to various difficulties such as the destructive effects of dehydration, damage to the specimen by the electron beam, and lack of adequate and specific contrast. One of the most satisfactory methods for contrasting individual macromolecules involves the deposition of heavy metal vapor upon the specimen. We have investigated this process, and present here what we believe to be the more important considerations for optimizing it. Results of the application of these methods to several biological systems including muscle proteins, fibrinogen, ribosomes and chromatin will be discussed.

Ultrastructural Cytopiasmic Changes of Adrenal Cortex During Pregnancy

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
T. M. Murad ◽  
Karen Israel ◽  
Jack C. Geer
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Cells

Adrenal steroids are normally synthesized from acetyl coenzyme A via cholesterol. Cholesterol is also shown to enter the adrenal gland and to be localized in the lipid droplets of the adrenal cortical cells. Both pregnenolone and progesterone act as intermediates in the conversion of cholesterol into steroid hormones. During pregnancy an increased level of plasma cholesterol is known to be associated with an increase of the adrenal corticoid and progesterone. The present study is designed to demonstrate whether the adrenal cortical cells show any dynamic changes during pregnancy.

Determination of the phase structure of polymerblends by electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 492-493
Author(s):  
Dr. G. Kaemof
Keyword(s):  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Microscopic Investigations

A mixture of polycarbonate (PC) and styrene-acrylonitrile-copolymer (SAN) represents a very good example for the efficiency of electron microscopic investigations concerning the determination of optimum production procedures for high grade product properties.The following parameters have been varied:components of charge (PC : SAN 50 : 50, 60 : 40, 70 : 30), kind of compounding machine (single screw extruder, twin screw extruder, discontinuous kneader), mass-temperature (lowest and highest possible temperature).The transmission electron microscopic investigations (TEM) were carried out on ultra thin sections, the PC-phase of which was selectively etched by triethylamine.The phase transition (matrix to disperse phase) does not occur - as might be expected - at a PC to SAN ratio of 50 : 50, but at a ratio of 65 : 35. Our results show that the matrix is preferably formed by the components with the lower melting viscosity (in this special case SAN), even at concentrations of less than 50 %.

Trial production of γ-type energy filtering TEM

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 604-605
Author(s):  
Y. Taniguchi ◽  
E. Nakazawa ◽  
S. Taya
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Electron Optics ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Mass Spectrometers ◽  
Ion Optics ◽  
Energy Filtering ◽  
New Information ◽  
New Type ◽  
Fringing Fields

Imaging energy filters can add new information to electron microscopic images with respect to energy-axis, so-called electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI). Recently, many good results have been reported using this imaging technique. ESI also allows high-contrast observation of unstained biological samples, becoming a trend of the field of morphology. We manufactured a new type of energy filter as a trial production. This energy filter consists of two magnets, and we call γ-filter since the trajectory of electrons shows ‘γ’-shape inside the filter. We evaluated the new energyγ-filter TEM with the γ-filter.Figure 1 shows schematic view of the electron optics of the γ-type energy filter. For the determination of the electron-optics of the γ-type energy filter, we used the TRIO (Third Order Ion Optics) program which has been developed for the design of high resolution mass spectrometers. The TRIO takes the extended fringing fields (EFF) into consideration. EFF makes it difficult to design magnetic energy filters with magnetic sector fields.

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