scholarly journals Electron Microscopic Radioautographic Study on Mitochondrial DNA Synthesis in Adrenal Cortical Cells of Developing and Aging Mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 683-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuji Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Cortical Cell ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Labeling Index ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Development And Aging ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Synthesis ◽  
Developing Mice

In order to study the aging changes of intramitochondrial DNA synthesis of mouse adrenal cortical cells, eight groups of developing mice, each consisting of three individuals (total 24), from fetal day 19 to postnatal newborn at days 1, 3, 9, 14, to adult at months 1, 2, and 6, were injected with3H-thymidine, sacrificed 1 h later, and the adrenal tissues were fixed and processed for electron microscopic (EM) radioautography. On EM radioautograms obtained from each animal, the number of mitochondria and the mitochondrial labeling index labeled with3H-thymidine showing DNA synthesis in each adrenal cortical cell, in three zones, were counted and the results in respective developing groups were compared. From the results, it was demonstrated that the numbers of mitochondria in the three zones, the zona glomerulosa, fasciculata, and reticularis, of mice at various ages increased from fetal day 19 to postnatal month 6 due to development and aging of animals, respectively, while the number of labeled mitochondria and the labeling index of intramitochondrial DNA syntheses incorporating3H-thymidine increased from fetal day 19 to postnatal month 2, reaching the maxima, and decreased to month 6. It was shown that the activity of intramitochondrial DNA synthesis in the adrenal cortical cells in developing and aging mice changed due to aging.

Reversible Changes in Adrenal Cortical Cell Morphology and Plasma Hydroxycorticosteroids During Freshwater Portion of the Spawning Journey of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry L. Heyl ◽  
Stanley J. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Dense Body ◽  
Cortical Cell ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Multiple Spawning ◽  
Cyclic Changes ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Cells

Adrenal cortical tissue taken from Atlantic salmon netted in the estuary of the Miramichi River, New Brunswick, at three stages of gonadal activity showed increasing hyperplasia from July to October, with varying degrees of regression or degeneration by the following April. Adrenal cortical cells in April fish contained a characteristic paranuclear dense body, the light and electron microscopic appearances of which are described and discussed. Levels of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids in the plasma almost doubled from July to October and returned to July values by the following April. The presence of these cyclic changes in Atlantic salmon and their absence in Pacific salmon are discussed. Data indicate that genetic factors may be important in determination of the capacity for multiple spawning journeys by some Atlantic salmon.

scholarly journals Effects of 5-bromodeoxyuridine on the ACTH-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis in cortical cells of fetal rat adrenals in tissue culture.

1976 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 951-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
A I Kahri ◽  
M Salmenperä ◽  
A Saure
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Proliferative Phase ◽  
Fetal Rat ◽  
Rat Adrenals ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Synthesis

Cortical cells of fetal rat adrenals in tissue culture were treated with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) during their proliferative phase and during ACTH stimulation when nuclear DNA synthesis has almost ceased. Pretreatment with 0.5 mug/ml/day of BrdU inhibited the ACTH-induced differentiation of cortical cells as well as the secretion of corticosterone and 18-OH-deoxycorticosterone (18-OHDOC). When nuclear DNA synthesis was suppressed and mitochondrial DNA synthesis was stimulated by ACTH BrdU addition (30 mug/ml/day) permitted normal untrastructural differentiation of cortical cells, except that the development of mitochondrial inner membranes was inhibited. Simultaneously mitochondrial inner membranes was inhibited. Simultaneously mitochondrial 11beta- and 18-hydroxylations were strongly inhibited while cytoplasmic 21-hydroxylation was not affected.

Cytochemical Studies of Protein Uptake by Adrenal Cortical Cells of the Golden Hamster

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 684-685
Author(s):  
J. R. Hillman ◽  
W. G. Seliger ◽  
P. E. Burk
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Golden Hamster ◽  
Adult Animal ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Cytochemical Localization ◽  
Protein Uptake ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphatase ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Cells

In a previous histochemical study, high levels of acid phosphatase were found in the developing adrenal cortex of the golden hamster. The present study describes the cytochemical localization of acid phosphatase and thiamine pyrophosphatase in the adult animal. These localizations are then related to protein uptake by adrenal cortical cells using the exogenous horseradish peroxidase as a tracer protein. Animals were sacrificed at times ranging from 15 minutes to 24 hours after injection of peroxidase. The techniques described by Novikoff et al. were utilized for localization of acid phosphatase and thiamine pyrophosphatase.In acid phosphatase preparations (Fig. 1), dense bodies containing reaction product are found in the cytoplasm of most cortical cells and are often associated with small coated vesicles near the Golgi area. Acid phosphatase activity is present in cells of the zona glomerulosa as well as those of the other two cortical zones.

The role of neuropeptides in the regulation of adrenal zona glomerulosa function: effects of substance P, neuropeptide Y, neurotensin, Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin and corticotrophin-releasing hormone on aldosterone secretion in the intact perfused rat adrenal

1994 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Hinson ◽  
L A Cameron ◽  
A Purbrick ◽  
S Kapas
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Aldosterone Secretion ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Cells

Abstract A range of neuropeptides has been identified in the adrenal glands of many mammalian species. In many cases these peptides have been located in nerves supplying the adrenal cortical cells, or within clusters of chromaffin cells within the zona glomerulosa. The function of these neuropeptides has yet to be determined, but from their location within the gland it is clearly possible that they may have a role in the regulation of aldosterone secretion. The effects of Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin, neuropeptide Y, substance P, corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and neurotensin on aldosterone secretion were investigated using the intact perfused rat adrenal gland in situ. All the peptides tested, except CRH, caused a significant increase in aldosterone secretion over the dose range of 1 pmol to lOnmol, with a maximum response of about a twofold increase in secretion. Met-enkephalin, however, at a dose of 10 nmol caused a 350% increase in aldosterone secretion, a response comparable with that seen in response to angiotensin II in this preparation. These results suggest that, while substance P, neuropeptide Y, neurotensin and Leu-enkephalin all have the capacity to cause modest increases in the rate of steroid secretion by the zona glomerulosa, these neuropeptides probably do not have a major role in the acute regulation of aldosterone secretion, at least under basal conditions. Met-enkephalin, on the other hand, was a more potent stimulus to aldosterone secretion, and thus may have a role in the control of aldosterone secretion. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 140, 91–96

scholarly journals Electron Microscopic Radioautographic Study on Protein Synthesis in Hepatocyte Mitochondria of Aging Mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1583-1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuji Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Labeling Index ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Protein Precursor ◽  
Mouse Hepatocytes ◽  
Development And Aging ◽  
Silver Grains ◽  
Liver Tissues

For the purpose of studying the aging changes of intramitochondrial protein synthesis in mouse hepatocytes, 10 groups of aging mice, each consisting of 3 individuals (total 30), from fetal day 19 to postnatal month 24, were injected during development with 3H-leucine, a protein precursor, sacrificed 1 h later, and the liver tissues processed for electron microscopic (EM) radioautography. On EM radioautograms obtained from each animal, the number of mitochondria, the number of labeled mitochondria, and the mitochondrial labeling index labeled with silver grains due to3H-leucine showing protein synthesis in each mononucleate hepatocytes were counted and the averages in respective aging groups were compared. From the results, it was demonstrated that the numbers of mitochondria, the numbers of labeled mitochondria, and the labeling indices of intramitochondrial protein syntheses in mononucleate hepatocytes of mice at various ages from embryonic day 19 to postnatal month 24 increased and decreased due to development and aging of animals.

Synthesis of alpha 2-macroglobulin by bovine adrenal cortical cell cultures

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (4) ◽  
pp. C779-C785 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kirshner ◽  
J. J. Corcoran ◽  
H. P. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Cortical Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Weight Protein ◽  
Cortical Cell Cultures ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Cells

Primary cultures of bovine adrenal medullary cells synthesize and secrete a high-molecular-weight protein into the culture medium. The protein was purified from the serum-free medium of cultured cells and was identified as alpha 2-macroglobulin by gel electrophoresis, sedimentation velocity, electron microscopy, immunoprecipitation, immunodiffusion, and autoradiography. Antisera directed against the protein were prepared and used to determine the cell types that synthesize the protein. Immunohistofluorescence studies show that adrenal cortical cells present in the adrenal medullary cell cultures reacted with the antisera to the protein purified from the medium, but adrenal medullary chromaffin cells did not. Cell cultures prepared from bovine adrenal cortex also synthesize and secrete alpha 2-macroglobulin and react with the antisera.

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