Dynamics of Cortisone Secretion in Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) during Sexual Maturation and after Gonadectomy

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2323-2331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf H. M. Fagerlund ◽  
Edward M. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Full Capacity ◽  
Mature Fish ◽  
Secretion Rates ◽  
Immature Fish

Indices of cortisone secretion in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were determined by monitoring the disappearance of labelled cortisone in plasma after the injection of a single dose of 4-14C-cortisone. Cortisone concentrations were determined by a protein-binding method.The volume of distribution in the inner (V1) and outer (V2) pool, biological half-life [Formula: see text], metabolic clearance rate (MCR), plasma concentration, and secretion rate of cortisone increased with sexual maturation, except cortisone concentration in males during anaesthetic stress. Differences between sexually immature fish and fish matured in captivity were generally significant (P < 0.05). After gonadectomy of mature fish the return of many of these indices to the levels of immature fish was noted. With some exceptions the changes observed resembled qualitatively those of cortisol dynamics. In sexually mature and spawned fish, cortisone concentrations and secretion rates, did not increase during anaesthetic stress in contrast to those of cortisol, suggesting that the full capacity of the cortisone secretion mechanism had already been reached in the resting state.Cortisone secretion rates were similar in magnitude to those of cortisol in resting fish, but cortisol secretion rates were two to four times higher than those of cortisone during anaesthetic stress.

Effect of Sexual Maturation and Gonadectomy at Sexual Maturity on Cortisol Secretion Rate in Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2287-2296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward M. Donaldson ◽  
Ulf H. M. Fagerlund
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Metabolic Clearance Rate ◽  
Male And Female

Changes in cortisol dynamics in male and female sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) have been investigated at various stages during sexual maturation, after spawning, and after gonadectomy just prior to their reaching sexual maturity. The metabolic clearance rate of cortisol was determined by the single injection technique and calculated using the formula for a two-pool system. The volume of distribution of cortisol in the inner pool and the outer pool, metabolic clearance rate, and cortisol secretion rate increased in both male and female salmon during sexual maturation. These changes were reversed in fish that were gonadectomized just before reaching functional maturity and allowed to recuperate for 2 or 8 weeks.There was a decrease in the amount of red carotenoid pigment in the flesh of salmon held in the laboratory during sexual maturation. This loss of pigment was reversed in salmon that were gonadectomized and fed marine zooplankton for 8 weeks.

Hypertrophy of the Interrenal Tissue in Sexually Maturing Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) and the Effect of Gonadectomy

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 2975-2985 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. McBride ◽  
A. P. van Overbeeke
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Mature Fish ◽  
Sexually Mature

Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) develop marked hypertrophy of the interrenal tissue during the period of sexual maturation and spawning. No differences were found between fish held in captivity and those that matured in their natural habitat. Feeding appeared to have an inhibitory effect, but did not prevent the hypertrophy. Gonadectomy of sexually mature fish resulted in a rapid involution of the hyperplastic interrenal tissue. On the other hand, gonadectomy, when performed in an early stage of sexual maturity, prevented the development of interrenal hypertrophy. The interrenal hyperplasia was not accompanied by apparent changes in the ACTH cells of the pituitary gland. Gonadectomy, however, led to increased affinity of these cells for lead-hematoxylin, but this effect did not take place until after interrenal involution had commenced. The results are discussed and it is concluded that the hypertrophy of the interrenal at this time is caused by gonadal hormones, which may act directly on the adrenal homologue without mediation by the pituitary gland.

The Pituitary Gland of the Sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) During Sexual Maturation and Spawning

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1791-1810 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. van Overbeeke ◽  
J. R. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Degenerative Alterations ◽  
Different Cell Types

This communication presents the results of a study of the pituitaries of 150 sockeye salmon in various stages of sexual maturation from the time they entered freshwater till after completion of spawning. In the homologue of the adenohypophysis, nine different cell types were distinguished. On the basis of changes in tinctorial and histochemical properties and relative proportions of each of these cells, it was concluded that the sockeye pituitary contains six different hormone-producing cell types. One of these probably possesses a gonadotrophic function. Degenerative phenomena in the pituitary were found in the sexually ripe and the spent salmon, but only to a limited extent. The implications of the changes in the occurrence of the six different cell types and the degenerative alterations are discussed in relation to gonad development and the death after spawning.

Effects of Rhizopus extract administration on somatic growth and sexual maturation in lacustrine sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 776-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAMJI KUMAR BHANDARI ◽  
IKUO USHIKOSHI ◽  
HIDEO FUKUOKA ◽  
NOBUHISA KOIDE ◽  
KOHEI YAMAUCHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Somatic Growth

Resumption of Feeding by and Survival of Adult Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Following Advanced Gonad Development

1963 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. McBride ◽  
U. H. M. Fagerlund ◽  
M. Smith ◽  
N. Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Force Feeding ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
First Time

Adult, migrating, fasting sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were held in captivity in fresh water without spawning well beyond the time when they would normally have done so and died. A few of the fish were then gonadectomized and force feeding was begun. A few unoperated fish were fed similarly while the remainder served as unoperated, unfed controls. The gonads of the operated fish were well developed. After a period of feeding of about four months some fish in each group had survived. The fed fish had regained their green color and much of their weight and vigor, while the surviving unfed fish were extremely emaciated and listless. At this time voluntary feeding by the force-fed fish was observed for the first time, and it was then found that the five surviving unfed controls would also take food voluntarily. While two of these fish died without apparent improvement in their condition, the other three gradually regained green color, weight and vigor.

Response to Mammalian ACTH of the Interrenal Tissue of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) at Various Stages of Sexual Maturation

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1169-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. H. M. Fagerlund
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Maximum Response ◽  
Significant Change

Cortisol concentrations in response to an intra-arterial dose of porcine ACTH were determined in plasma of sockeye salmon in which endogenous corticotrophin secretion had been suppressed with dexamethasone. Maximum concentrations were found 3 or 5 hr after the injection. Sexual maturation did not bring about a statistically significant change in maximum response. Cortisol maxima of males were 55–62% of those of females.

OLFACTORY PERCEPTION IN MIGRATING SALMON: II. STUDIES ON A LABORATORY BIO-ASSAY FOR HOMESTREAM WATER AND MAMMALIAN REPELLENT

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1575-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Idler ◽  
J. R. McBride ◽  
R. E. E. Jonas ◽  
N. Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Olfactory Perception ◽  
Characteristic Response ◽  
Mammalian Skin ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Bio Assay

A laboratory bio-assay, based on the response of adult migrating sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) to homestream water, is described. A characteristic response to the repellent in mammalian skin is discussed. The homestream substance(s) was tentatively identified as volatile, dialyzable, neutral, and heat-labile.The transportation and holding of sockeye in captivity was investigated.

Behavioral thermoregulation by maturing adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in a stratified lake prior to spawning

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 1232-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer C Newell ◽  
Thomas P Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Lake Washington ◽  
Temperature Preferences ◽  
Temperature Records ◽  
Recorded Temperature

Adult sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792), return to Lake Washington several months prior to spawning, spending the warmest months of the year in the lake. We proposed that the fish selected a temperature range ideal for final sexual maturation and energy conservation prior to swimming upstream to spawn. The temperature preferences of the adult sockeye salmon in Lake Washington are attributable to physiological factors, as they are not avoiding predators or seeking prey and are not limited by dissolved oxygen. At the Hiram M. Chittenden Locks, 257 sockeye salmon were tagged with temperature loggers in the summer of 2003, and 38 tags with readable data were recovered. The fish spent an average of 6 days swimming through the ship canal's warm water (ca. 18 °C) and then experienced a drop to temperatures of 13 °C or lower when they entered the lake and descended below the thermocline. Fish remained in the lake for an average of 83 days before migrating upstream to spawn, as indicated by a sudden increase in recorded temperature. Approximately 92% of temperature records in the lake were 9–11 °C, corresponding to depths of 18–30 m. The salmon rarely occupied the cooler and warmer waters available to them. Finally, the apparent thermal preference decreased over the summer, perhaps as a function of sexual maturation.

Post-Spawning Death of Pacific Salmon: Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Maturing and Spawning in Captivity

1965 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. McBride ◽  
U. H. M. Fagerlund ◽  
M. Smith ◽  
N. Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Spawning Migration ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Post Spawning ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

It has been shown that sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, will start to eat soon after capture during their freshwater spawning migration. Some will continue to eat up to, during, and after spawning, while others stop eating shortly before spawning. The effect of feeding has been investigated histologically in a number of tissues by comparison of feeding fish, unfed controls, and fish spawned in the wild. Atrophy, and often degeneration of the liver, stomach, and intestine in post-spawned unfed controls and fish spawned in the wild was equally marked, but was absent or much less pronounced in fed fish.

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