Behavioral thermoregulation by maturing adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in a stratified lake prior to spawning

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 1232-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer C Newell ◽  
Thomas P Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Lake Washington ◽  
Temperature Preferences ◽  
Temperature Records ◽  
Recorded Temperature

Adult sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792), return to Lake Washington several months prior to spawning, spending the warmest months of the year in the lake. We proposed that the fish selected a temperature range ideal for final sexual maturation and energy conservation prior to swimming upstream to spawn. The temperature preferences of the adult sockeye salmon in Lake Washington are attributable to physiological factors, as they are not avoiding predators or seeking prey and are not limited by dissolved oxygen. At the Hiram M. Chittenden Locks, 257 sockeye salmon were tagged with temperature loggers in the summer of 2003, and 38 tags with readable data were recovered. The fish spent an average of 6 days swimming through the ship canal's warm water (ca. 18 °C) and then experienced a drop to temperatures of 13 °C or lower when they entered the lake and descended below the thermocline. Fish remained in the lake for an average of 83 days before migrating upstream to spawn, as indicated by a sudden increase in recorded temperature. Approximately 92% of temperature records in the lake were 9–11 °C, corresponding to depths of 18–30 m. The salmon rarely occupied the cooler and warmer waters available to them. Finally, the apparent thermal preference decreased over the summer, perhaps as a function of sexual maturation.

The Pituitary Gland of the Sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) During Sexual Maturation and Spawning

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1791-1810 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. van Overbeeke ◽  
J. R. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Degenerative Alterations ◽  
Different Cell Types

This communication presents the results of a study of the pituitaries of 150 sockeye salmon in various stages of sexual maturation from the time they entered freshwater till after completion of spawning. In the homologue of the adenohypophysis, nine different cell types were distinguished. On the basis of changes in tinctorial and histochemical properties and relative proportions of each of these cells, it was concluded that the sockeye pituitary contains six different hormone-producing cell types. One of these probably possesses a gonadotrophic function. Degenerative phenomena in the pituitary were found in the sexually ripe and the spent salmon, but only to a limited extent. The implications of the changes in the occurrence of the six different cell types and the degenerative alterations are discussed in relation to gonad development and the death after spawning.

An Acoustic Estimate of the Escapement of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) into Lake Washington in 1971

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Thorne ◽  
James J. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Spawning Migration ◽  
Spawning Ground ◽  
Large Fish ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lake Washington

The feasibility of estimating the escapement of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) into Lake Washington by hydroacoustics was explored during 1971. Surveys were made of large fish targets within the lake just before and after the spawning migration of sockeye salmon up the Cedar River. A decrease was observed after the spawning migration comparable to the estimated escapement as determined by weir counts and spawning ground surveys.

Effects of Rhizopus extract administration on somatic growth and sexual maturation in lacustrine sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 776-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAMJI KUMAR BHANDARI ◽  
IKUO USHIKOSHI ◽  
HIDEO FUKUOKA ◽  
NOBUHISA KOIDE ◽  
KOHEI YAMAUCHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Somatic Growth

Estimating Stock Composition of Migrating Juvenile Fraser River (British Columbia) Sockeye Salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, Using Parasites as Natural Tags

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 586-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Bailey ◽  
L. Margolis ◽  
C. Groot
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Natural Tags ◽  
Lake Washington ◽  
The Individual

Simulated mixtures of juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were constructed using parasite data to represent proportionally the major component stocks of Fraser River and Lake Washington sockeye migrating within the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, in 1982–84. Samples of migrating juveniles were also collected from Bedwell Harbour, South Pender Island, British Columbia, each year and analyzed for parasites and stock composition. The compositions of simulated and sample mixtures were estimated using a maximum likelihood stock composition model. Simulated mixture compositions were accurately estimated for most stocks for all year-classes. When significant misassignment occurred between stocks, the stocks were analyzed as a complex using the allocate-sum procedure. Sample mixture estimates correctly identified the dominant stock for each year-class, although for 1984 the dominant group was determined as a complex of three stocks because the individual stocks were not distinguishable. The results indicate that it is feasible to use parasites as natural tags to estimate stock compositions of migrating juvenile sockeye salmon in the Strait of Georgia.

Evidence for the existence of a native population of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) and subsequent introgression with introduced populations in a Pacific Northwest watershed

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1209-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid B Spies ◽  
Eric C Anderson ◽  
Kerry Naish ◽  
Paul Bentzen
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Introduced Populations ◽  
Microsatellite Dna Markers ◽  
Lake Washington ◽  
Baker Lake ◽  
Bear Creek

The Lake Washington watershed (Washington, USA) has been the recipient of numerous transplantations of nonnative Oncorhynchus nerka (both sockeye salmon and their landlocked form, kokanee) over the past century and currently contains self-sustaining populations of both ecotypes. Microsatellite DNA markers were used to identify native and introduced groups while characterizing population structure. This study confirmed that Baker Lake sockeye transplantations during the 20th century contributed to three current sockeye populations: Cedar River, Issaquah Creek, and Pleasure Point Beach in the Lake Washington watershed. Distinctive allele distributions at two loci, One101 and One114, provide evidence that a fourth Lake Washington sockeye population, Bear Creek, is divergent from other Lake Washington sockeye and may be of substantially native origin despite heavy stocking activity in the watershed over the past century. Data from these loci also suggest the presence of native genes in populations that had been regarded as entirely of introduced origin.

Hydroacoustic Estimates of Adult Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Lake Washington, 1972–75

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1145-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Thorne
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Target Strength ◽  
Spawning Ground ◽  
Resident Fish ◽  
Lake Washington ◽  
Visual Observations

Hydroacoustic techniques were used on Lake Washington from 1972 to 1975 to estimate the potential escapement of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Target strength measurements were used to establish a threshold which would separate the larger adult sockeye salmon from smaller resident fish. The acoustic estimates of escapement were very similar to those obtained from visual observations at the Hiram M. Chittenden ship canal locks, observations on the Cedar River, and spawning ground surveys. Key words: hydroacoustic, acoustic, methodology, sockeye salmon, escapement

Incubation temperature, developmental biology, and the divergence of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) within Lake Washington

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1387-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P Hendry ◽  
Jay E Hensleigh ◽  
Reg R Reisenbichler
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Absolute Magnitude ◽  
Adaptive Divergence ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Developmental Variation ◽  
Development Rates ◽  
Lake Washington ◽  
In The Wild

Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) introduced into Lake Washington in the 1930s and 1940s now spawn at several different sites and over a period of more than 3 months. To test for evolutionary divergence within this derived lineage, embryos that would have incubated in different habitats (Cedar River or Pleasure Point Beach) or at different times (October, November, or December in the Cedar River) were reared in the laboratory at 5, 9, and 12.5°C. Some developmental variation mirrored predictions of adaptive divergence: (i) survival at 12.5°C was highest for embryos most likely to experience such temperatures in the wild (Early Cedar), (ii) development rate was fastest for progeny of late spawners (Late Cedar), and (iii) yolk conversion efficiency was matched to natural incubation temperatures. These patterns likely had a genetic basis because they were observed in a common environment and could not be attributed to differences in egg size. The absolute magnitude of divergence in development rates was moderate (Late Cedar embryos emerged only 6 days earlier at 9°C) and some predictions regarding development rates were not supported. Nonetheless our results provide evidence of adaptive divergence in only 9-14 generations.

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