OLFACTORY PERCEPTION IN MIGRATING SALMON: II. STUDIES ON A LABORATORY BIO-ASSAY FOR HOMESTREAM WATER AND MAMMALIAN REPELLENT

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1575-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Idler ◽  
J. R. McBride ◽  
R. E. E. Jonas ◽  
N. Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Olfactory Perception ◽  
Characteristic Response ◽  
Mammalian Skin ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Bio Assay

A laboratory bio-assay, based on the response of adult migrating sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) to homestream water, is described. A characteristic response to the repellent in mammalian skin is discussed. The homestream substance(s) was tentatively identified as volatile, dialyzable, neutral, and heat-labile.The transportation and holding of sockeye in captivity was investigated.

Resumption of Feeding by and Survival of Adult Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Following Advanced Gonad Development

1963 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. McBride ◽  
U. H. M. Fagerlund ◽  
M. Smith ◽  
N. Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Force Feeding ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
First Time

Adult, migrating, fasting sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were held in captivity in fresh water without spawning well beyond the time when they would normally have done so and died. A few of the fish were then gonadectomized and force feeding was begun. A few unoperated fish were fed similarly while the remainder served as unoperated, unfed controls. The gonads of the operated fish were well developed. After a period of feeding of about four months some fish in each group had survived. The fed fish had regained their green color and much of their weight and vigor, while the surviving unfed fish were extremely emaciated and listless. At this time voluntary feeding by the force-fed fish was observed for the first time, and it was then found that the five surviving unfed controls would also take food voluntarily. While two of these fish died without apparent improvement in their condition, the other three gradually regained green color, weight and vigor.

Hypertrophy of the Interrenal Tissue in Sexually Maturing Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) and the Effect of Gonadectomy

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 2975-2985 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. McBride ◽  
A. P. van Overbeeke
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Mature Fish ◽  
Sexually Mature

Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) develop marked hypertrophy of the interrenal tissue during the period of sexual maturation and spawning. No differences were found between fish held in captivity and those that matured in their natural habitat. Feeding appeared to have an inhibitory effect, but did not prevent the hypertrophy. Gonadectomy of sexually mature fish resulted in a rapid involution of the hyperplastic interrenal tissue. On the other hand, gonadectomy, when performed in an early stage of sexual maturity, prevented the development of interrenal hypertrophy. The interrenal hyperplasia was not accompanied by apparent changes in the ACTH cells of the pituitary gland. Gonadectomy, however, led to increased affinity of these cells for lead-hematoxylin, but this effect did not take place until after interrenal involution had commenced. The results are discussed and it is concluded that the hypertrophy of the interrenal at this time is caused by gonadal hormones, which may act directly on the adrenal homologue without mediation by the pituitary gland.

Dynamics of Cortisone Secretion in Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) during Sexual Maturation and after Gonadectomy

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2323-2331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf H. M. Fagerlund ◽  
Edward M. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Full Capacity ◽  
Mature Fish ◽  
Secretion Rates ◽  
Immature Fish

Indices of cortisone secretion in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were determined by monitoring the disappearance of labelled cortisone in plasma after the injection of a single dose of 4-14C-cortisone. Cortisone concentrations were determined by a protein-binding method.The volume of distribution in the inner (V1) and outer (V2) pool, biological half-life [Formula: see text], metabolic clearance rate (MCR), plasma concentration, and secretion rate of cortisone increased with sexual maturation, except cortisone concentration in males during anaesthetic stress. Differences between sexually immature fish and fish matured in captivity were generally significant (P < 0.05). After gonadectomy of mature fish the return of many of these indices to the levels of immature fish was noted. With some exceptions the changes observed resembled qualitatively those of cortisol dynamics. In sexually mature and spawned fish, cortisone concentrations and secretion rates, did not increase during anaesthetic stress in contrast to those of cortisol, suggesting that the full capacity of the cortisone secretion mechanism had already been reached in the resting state.Cortisone secretion rates were similar in magnitude to those of cortisol in resting fish, but cortisol secretion rates were two to four times higher than those of cortisone during anaesthetic stress.

Post-Spawning Death of Pacific Salmon: Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Maturing and Spawning in Captivity

1965 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. McBride ◽  
U. H. M. Fagerlund ◽  
M. Smith ◽  
N. Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Spawning Migration ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Post Spawning ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

It has been shown that sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, will start to eat soon after capture during their freshwater spawning migration. Some will continue to eat up to, during, and after spawning, while others stop eating shortly before spawning. The effect of feeding has been investigated histologically in a number of tissues by comparison of feeding fish, unfed controls, and fish spawned in the wild. Atrophy, and often degeneration of the liver, stomach, and intestine in post-spawned unfed controls and fish spawned in the wild was equally marked, but was absent or much less pronounced in fed fish.

OLFACTORY PERCEPTION IN JUVENILE SALMON: II. CONDITIONED RESPONSE OF JUVENILE SOCKEYE SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS NERKA) TO LAKE WATERS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. McBride ◽  
U. H. M. Fagerlund ◽  
M. Smith ◽  
N. Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Lake Water ◽  
Conditioned Response ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Juvenile Salmon ◽  
Olfactory Perception ◽  
Volatile Material ◽  
Lake Waters

Sockeye salmon smolts were conditioned to distinguish between waters from two natural sockeye nursery systems, Great Central Lake (from which the smolts were obtained) and Cultus Lake. The attractant from each water was volatile, but that from Great Central Lake was the more readily volatilized of the two. Volatile material from Great Central Lake water was collected and shown to evoke a response in the group of fish conditioned to whole Great Central Lake water.

Olfactory Perception in Migrating Salmon: III. Stimulants for Adult Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Home Stream Waters

1963 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1457-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. H. M. Fagerlund ◽  
J. R. McBride ◽  
M. Smith ◽  
N. Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Spawning Migration ◽  
Cold Trap ◽  
Olfactory Perception ◽  
Active Factor ◽  
Trap Concentration ◽  
Stream Waters ◽  
Consistent Response

Adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) captured during their spawning migration to Great Central Lake, British Columbia, show a consistent response in the laboratory to water taken from the outlet of the lake. The specificity of this response has been confirmed and the responses to water from streams feeding Great Central Lake have been determined. A portion at least of the stimulatory material is volatile and can be retained in a cold trap. Concentration of the active factor has been achieved by a freezing-out technique.

Resumption of anadromy or straying? Origins of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka in the Elwha River

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Quinn ◽  
George R. Pess ◽  
Ben J.G. Sutherland ◽  
Samuel J. Brenkman ◽  
Ruth E. Withler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Elwha River

Alternative Recruitment Models of Adams River Sockeye Salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1551-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy S. Collie ◽  
Carl J. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Ricker Model ◽  
The Status ◽  
Stock Recruitment ◽  
High Yields

Despite evidence of depensatory interactions among year-classes of Adams River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), the best management policy is one of equal escapement for all year-classes. We fit alternative models (Ricker model and Larkin model) to 32 yr of stock–recruitment data and checked, using simulation tests, that the significant interaction terms in the Larkin model are not caused by biases in estimating the parameters. We identified a parameter set (Rationalizer model) for which the status quo cyclic escapement policy is optimal, but this set fits the observed data very poorly. Thus it is quite unlikely that the Rationalizer model is correct or that the status quo escapement policy is optimal. Using the fitted stock–recruitment parameters, we simulated the sockeye population under several management policies. The escapement policy optimal under the Ricker model is best overall because of the high yields if it should be correct. If the three stock–recruitment models are equally likely to be correct, the simulations predict that adopting a constant-escapement policy would increase long-term yield 30% over the current policy and that an additional 15% increase in yield could be obtained if the policy were actively adaptive.

Reduced growth in wild juvenile sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka infected with sea lice

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Godwin ◽  
L. M. Dill ◽  
M. Krkošek ◽  
M. H. H. Price ◽  
J. D. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Sea Lice
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