scholarly journals Movements and Homing of Cutthroat Trout (Salmo clarki) from Open-Water Areas of Yellowstone Lake

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1243-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Jahn
Keyword(s):  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Open Water ◽  
East Side ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
The West ◽  
Yellowstone Lake ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Control ◽  
Spawning Tributaries ◽  
Salmo Clarki

Cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) showed in-season homing after displacement from their spawning tributaries to Yellowstone Lake during June–August 1966 and 1967. Of 300 nonanesthetized trout tagged and displaced from Clear and Cub creeks to three release points (0.5–22.0 km) in the lake and to the mouth of Clear Creek, 38.3% homed, 10.0% strayed, 2.7% were caught by anglers, and the remainder were unaccounted for. Anosmic (olfactory chambers plugged) and blind-anosmic fish homed in significantly lower percentages than nonanesthetized and control groups. Fish released just outside the mouth of the homestream had the shortest average homing time, but the average homing time for fish displaced 22.0 km from the homestream was shorter than for those displaced 5.0 km away. Homing percentages for trout tagged after being tracked individually in the open lake were similar to those for trout in the group tagging experiments, but the former had longer average homing times than the latter.The directions of orientation of fish tracked in open water were generally toward the homestream, the directions usually coinciding with those of the sun azimuth. However, fish taken from the east side of the lake went west-northwest when tracked late in the afternoon and fish taken from the west side of the lake went east-southeast when tracked in the morning, these directions being away from those of the homestreams. Orientation was affected by current. Mean directions for males and females were generally not significantly different. Average swimming speeds and vector lengths for males and females were about the same. Immature cutthroat trout were trained to use a light source as a reference point for orientation.

Ultrasonic Tracking of Homing Cutthroat Trout (Salmo clarki) in Yellowstone Lake

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. McCleave ◽  
Ross M. Horrall
Keyword(s):  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yellowstone Lake ◽  
True Navigation ◽  
Ultrasonic Tracking ◽  
Spawning Tributaries ◽  
Salmo Clarki ◽  
Water Speed

Displacement of 42 mature cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) from their spawning tributaries to the open water of Yellowstone Lake in the summers of 1966 and 1968 and following them ultrasonically up to 13.5 hr and 11.8 km indicated that those that homed used a compass mechanism rather than search or true navigation to find shore and then followed the shoreline to the home stream. Vision was unnecessary for homing. For many of the fish whose movements showed no consistent pattern, the transmitters failed prematurely.Of 29 nonanesthetized trout tracked from a point northwest of their home streams, six moved generally eastward to shallow water, turned south, and followed the shoreline toward the home streams, three being followed all the way home. Six moved generally south or southeast and progressed toward their home streams entirely in open water, one being followed home. Three moved inappropriately for homing but were less than 2 km from the release point when tracking was ended. Fourteen moved randomly or did not move enough or were not tracked long enough to establish a pattern.Of five anesthetized-blinded trout, two moved eastward and then south along the shoreline, one moved south in open water, and the other two did not show a consistent pattern. Of four anesthetized-control trout, two moved eastward and then south along shore, one being followed home; one moved inappropriately and the other did not establish a pattern.Of four nonanesthetized trout tracked from a point southwest of their home stream, three moved east and then north along shore toward the home stream, one being followed home; the fourth moved north in open water.Current directions may have influenced the initial orientations.Swimming speeds ranged from 0.0 to 46.2 cm sec−1 in open water and from 8.5 to 82.3 cm sec−1 along shore. Average along-shore speed (36.6 cm sec−1) was greater than average open-water speed (22.9 cm sec−1). Blinded trout swam at about the same speeds (average 22.6 cm sec−1) as control trout (average 27.0 cm sec−1) and nonanesthetized trout (average 23.3 cm sec−1).

scholarly journals Homing and Orientation of Cutthroat Trout (Salmo clarki) in Yellowstone Lake, with Special Reference to Olfaction and Vision

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 2011-2044 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. McCleave
Keyword(s):  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Yellowstone Lake ◽  
Water Point ◽  
Homing Performance ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli ◽  
One Year ◽  
Spawning Tributaries ◽  
Visual Clues ◽  
Salmo Clarki

In-season homing was exhibited by mature cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) displaced from spawning tributaries to Yellowstone Lake during late May to early August 1964, 1965, and 1966. Of 1908 trout tagged and displaced from Clear and Cub creeks to three release points in the lake (1.55–7.95 km) and to the mouths of the streams, 614 (32.2%) homed, 119 (6.2%) strayed, and 28 (1.5%) were captured by anglers. Only slight differences in homing performance from various release points occurred, but there were differences among years and between streams. Adjusted mean homing times from the various release points ranged from 16 hr to 155 hr, with an inverse relation between homing times and the distance to the release point apparent in one year. Blockage of the olfactory or visual sense did not affect the per cent of trout homing or straying. However, visual clues did increase the speed of homing, since homing times for blinded trout were much longer than for olfactory-occluded, control (anesthetized only), or non-anesthetized trout. A compass-type orientation occurred which was apparently not in response to visual or olfactory stimuli. A general east-northeastward (Clear and Pelican Creek trout) or northward (Cub Creek trout) orientation was exhibited by blind, anosmic, control, and non-anesthetized trout that were float-tracked from an open-water point. Blind and anosmic trout oriented as well as control trout. The directions of orientation were not in the directions of the home-streams, and orientation was not at a constant angle to the current directions or the sun azimuths.

Open-Water Movements of the Cutthroat Trout (Salmo clarki) in Yellowstone Lake After Displacement from Spawning Streams

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1475-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Jahn
Keyword(s):  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Surface Currents ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Release Point ◽  
Yellowstone Lake ◽  
Random Movement ◽  
Directional Preference ◽  
Salmo Clarki ◽  
Spawning Streams

Cutthroat trout were taken from their spawning streams (June–August 1964 and 1965). A Styrofoam float was attached and fish were tracked from two release points. They moved generally shoreward (eastward). Of 120 fish tracked when the sun was visible, 68% went toward shore, 19% went away from shore, 4% showed random movement, and 8% were lost. Of 20 fish released when the sun was obscured, 30% went toward shore, 30% went away from shore, 30% showed random movement, and 10% were lost. Movement toward the eastern shoreline was less pronounced for fish liberated at a mid-lake release point. No directional preference was shown with respect to surface currents. There was no evidence that specific landmarks were used for orientation, but the sun may have served as a reference point since fish traveled farther and showed a stronger shoreward tendency on sunny days.

scholarly journals Intralesional polysulphated glycosaminoglycan as treatment of equine collagenase induced tendinitis: clinical, ultrasonographic and histopathologic evaluation

2004 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 701-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Marxen ◽  
J.C. Lacerda Neto ◽  
J.C. Canola ◽  
J.R.E. Moraes ◽  
G. Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Intralesional Injection ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Thoracic Limb ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon ◽  
Histopathologic Evaluation ◽  
Intralesional Injections ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Histopathologic Analysis ◽  
And Control

The effect of intratendineous injections of polysulphated glycosaminoglycan (PSGAG) as treatment of collagenase-induced tendonitis was studied. Two groups (GI and GII) of five Arabian horses each, males and females, two to six year-old, were submitted to experimental tendinitis of the superficial digital flexor tendon of the left thoracic limb by intratendineous injection of 1.0ml of collagenase (2.5mg/ml). Seven days after the induced-lesions were created, the horses of GI received five intralesional injections of 1.0ml (125mg) of PSGAG, every four days. Horses of GII received injections of saline in the same dose and rate. Clinical and ultrasonographic evaluations were performed periodically, during 150 days. All animals showed lameness, increased local pain, heat and swelling 24 hours after the injury was created. All signs, except to swelling, which remained visible by the end of the study, showed regression in all animals. Lesions of variable size, shape and position were evidenced by the ultrasonographic evaluation, reaching maximum severity between the seventh and the 23rd days. By the end of the study, the echogenicity grade ranged from 1 to 2, and the grade of fiber alignment from 0 to 2. The histopathologic analysis demonstrated repair areas with intense fibroplasia and neovascularization, collagen fibers poorly organized, and thickened hypercellular endotenon. The data of this study did not show significant differences between the treated and control groups, therefore leading to the conclusion that the intralesional injection of PSGAG did not have beneficial effects in the treatment of collagenase-induced tendinitis.

Effects of 4 Weeks of Elastic-Resistance Training on Ankle-Evertor Strength and Latency

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
KyungMo Han ◽  
Mark D. Ricard
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Peroneus Longus ◽  
Elastic Resistance ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Control

Context:Several researchers have suggested that improving evertor strength and peroneus longus reaction time may help alleviate the symptoms of chronic ankle instability and reduce the rate of recurrent ankle sprains.Objectives:To determine the effectiveness of a 4-wk elastic-resistance exercise-training program on ankle-evertor strength and peroneus longus latency in subjects with and without a history of ankle sprains (HAS).Design:Randomized controlled clinical trial.Participants:40 subjects (20 male, 20 female; 20 HAS, 20 healthy). Ten subjects (5 male and 5 female) from each of the HAS and healthy groups were randomly assigned to exercise or control groups.Interventions:4-directional elastic-resistance exercise training 2 times/wk for 4 wk.Main Outcome Measures:Ankle-evertor strength and peroneal muscle latency after sudden inversion were measured before training, after 4 wk of training, and 4 wk posttraining.Results:Four weeks of elastic-resistance exercise training did not elicit significant changes in 1-repetition-maximum ankle-evertor strength between the exercise and control groups (P = .262), HAS and healthy groups (P = .329), or males and females (P = .927). Elastic-resistance exercise training did not elicit significant changes in peroneus longus muscle latency between the exercise and control groups (P = .102), HAS and healthy groups (P = .996), or males and females (P = .947).Conclusions:The 4-wk elastic-resistance exercise training had no effect on ankle-evertor strength and reflex latency of the peroneus longus after unexpected ankle inversion.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Cincinnati Ohio USA from August to December 2020

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254667
Author(s):  
Greg Davis ◽  
Allen J. York ◽  
Willis Clark Bacon ◽  
Suh-Chin Lin ◽  
Monica Malone McNeal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Ohio River ◽  
East Side ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
The West ◽  
Past Infection ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Antibody Positivity ◽  
Males And Females

The world is currently in a pandemic of COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease-2019) caused by a novel positive-sense, single-stranded RNA β-coronavirus referred to as SARS-CoV-2. Here we investigated rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the greater Cincinnati, Ohio, USA metropolitan area from August 13 to December 8, 2020, just prior to initiation of the national vaccination program. Examination of 9,550 adult blood donor volunteers for serum IgG antibody positivity against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein showed an overall prevalence of 8.40%, measured as 7.56% in the first 58 days and 9.24% in the last 58 days, and 12.86% in December 2020, which we extrapolated to ~20% as of March, 2021. Males and females showed similar rates of past infection, and rates among Hispanic or Latinos, African Americans and Whites were also investigated. Donors under 30 years of age had the highest rates of past infection, while those over 60 had the lowest. Geographic analysis showed higher rates of infectivity on the West side of Cincinnati compared with the East side (split by I-75) and the lowest rates in the adjoining region of Kentucky (across the Ohio river). These results in regional seroprevalence will help inform efforts to best achieve herd immunity in conjunction with the national vaccination campaign.

scholarly journals Biomarkers in Community-Acquired Pneumonia Assessment

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Natalja Voskresenska ◽  
Sergejs Babikovs ◽  
Jūlija Voicehovska ◽  
Andrejs Šķesters ◽  
Alise Silova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Plasma Selenium ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Control ◽  
Reduced Activity

AbstractThe paper presents information on pneumonia (P) patients with features of oxidative stress (OS). Identifying features of OS in patients with P is of interest not only for diagnosis, but also for monitoring of treatment efficiency. We recruited 73 patients with community-acquired P (CAP), previously healthy adults, both males and females with mean age of 68.0 ± 15.2, hospitalised, and 61 healthy control patients matched for age. For quantitative evaluation of lipid peroxidation in CAP patients, the levels of aldehydic lipid peroxidation products like malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4- hydroxynon-2-enal (HNE) were quantified. Furthermore, concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) and several antioxidant enzymes and selenium in plasma were determined. In CAP patients, decreased levels of GSH and plasma selenium were observed. Plasma levels of MDA, and HNE did significantly differ between patient and control groups. We also noted reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes, namely, glutation peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Low antioxidant enzymes activity was associated with a more severe CAP pattern. Both GSH and antioxidant enzymes may serve as markers for inflammation-related OS in CAP patients, and measurement of these biomarkers may be a valid indentifier for its management.

scholarly journals Diphyllobothrium cordiceps: A Tapeworm Problem in Yellowstone Lake Fishes New Investigations into the Life Cycle

1979 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Newton Kingston ◽  
Kenneth Diem ◽  
Douglas Mitchum
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Yellowstone Lake ◽  
Northern Rocky Mountains ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Salmo Clarki ◽  
Elk Lake

Diphyllobothrium cordiceps (Leidy, 1872) has been known from Yellowstone Lake fishes since 1872. Leidy described and named the species Dibothrium cordiceps from poorly preserved larval (plerocercoid) material collected from native trout, Salmo mykiss (= Salmo clarki) by members of the Hayden Expedition. The larval tapeworm has been reported only from cutthroat trout, Salmo clarki, brown trout, Salmo trutta, brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, and grayling, Thymallus arcticus, chiefly from Yellowstone Lake and adjacent waters in the northern Rocky Mountains. Simms and Shaw (1939), found cordiceps outside the Rocky Mountain area in brook trout from Elk Lake, western Deschutes County, Oregon.

scholarly journals Methoprene and Temperature Stimulation of Emergence and Longevity in Adults of Osmia Rufa L. (Megachilidae; Apoidea) During Wintering Period

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Karol Giejdasz ◽  
Oskar Wasielewski
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Juvenile Hormone Analogues ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Rate Of Emergence ◽  
And Control ◽  
Temperature Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract In this study methoprene, a juvenile hormone analogues, was tested as a factor that stimulates the end of diapause, bee activation and emergence. In addition, the survival of bees was checked when combined with an application of methoprene. The experimental activation of wintering bees was carried out once a month between December and March, Three groups of bee cocoons were selected for each activation term: treated with either methoprene or acetone as vehicle control and untreated as controls. After the applications were finished the cocoons were incubated at temperature 26°C. The emerged adult males and females were then kept in the laboratory and fed sucrose solution to evaluate the longevity of bees. The application of juvenile hormone analogue reduced the emergence time of adult bees in December, February and March. The rate of emergence presented in the form of cumulative percentage of emerged adult bees indicated that the bees treated with methoprene started to emerge 1-2 days earlier than bees from acetone and control groups and finished emergence 2-5 days earlier too. Methopren application did not reduce the longevity of the bees after emergence. Moreover, the median longevity of these females was higher than untreated in December and February.

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