Migration Route of Invasive Juvenile Philonema oncorhynchi (Nematoda: Philometridae) in Young Salmon

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Coelomic Cavity ◽  
Pyloric Caeca ◽  
Third Stage

The infective juveniles of the dracunculoid nematode Philonema oncorhynchi were known to reach their site of development in the wall of the swim bladder of salmon within 18 hr. To establish the route which they follow, a small, parasite-free, fingerling sockeye salmon was fed copepods containing the infective third stage of the worm. Seventeen hours later the fish was fixed, decalcified, and sectioned at 8–10 μ. The distribution of the invasive juvenile worms in the serial transverse sections indicates that they penetrate the gut wall, mainly in the region of the pyloric caeca. The majority of juveniles reach the swim bladder by moving through the coelomic cavity; a smaller number appears to cross in the mesentery and associated tissues such as the pancreas. No evidence was found suggesting that the vascular system is used as a pathway.

BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON SOCKEYE SALMON DURING SPAWNING MIGRATION: I. PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS, PLASMA CHOLESTEROL, AND ELECTROLYTE LEVELS

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 783-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Idler ◽  
H. Tsuyuki
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Pure Race ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Percentage Basis

Physical measurements have been made on all major organs and tissues of a pure race of migrating adult Oncorhynchus nerka. The data show that the population was sufficiently uniform in size that average weights and measurements performed on fish taken at three locations on the migration route quite accurately represented a standard fish of both sexes. The results will enable chemical analyses to be interpreted as changes in absolute amounts of a given tissue component rather than only on a percentage basis. The merits of this approach to an evaluation of changes in migrating salmon is demonstrated by the magnitude of the weight changes in many tissues during the 715-mile migration. A standard male lost only 11% of its body flesh whereas a standard female lost 30%. The alimentary tract decreased to one sixth of the initial weight. The milt increased by 51% w hile the roe increased by 272%. Thus, it is apparent that percentage composition data cannot show quantitative changes in a fish as it moves up the river. The results are discussed in relation to the findings of others on Salmonidae.Plasma cholesterol, magnesium, calcium, sulphate, and urea levels were measured on pooled blood samples from the 216 fish.

Migration and development of swim-bladder nematodes, Cystidicola spp. (Habronematoidea), in their definitive hosts

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 1997-2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff A. Black ◽  
Murray W. Lankester
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Migration And Development

Third-stage larvae of Cystidicola cristivomeri White, 1941, and C. farionis Fischer, 1798, migrated directly via the pneumatic duct to the swim bladder of lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, and rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, respectively. Larvae reached the swim bladder as early as 16 h after fish were infected using a stomach tube. At 4–10 °C, mature male and female C. cristivomeri and C. farionis were first recovered 67 and 210 days, and 112 and 235 days, respectively, after infection. Cystidicola cristivomeri is probably long-lived; there was no evidence that any died in lake trout infected for up to 600 days.Large numbers of third-stage cystidicolid larvae accumulated without maturing in the swim bladder of naturally infected lake whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis, from Lake Nipigon, northwestern Ontario. When given to rainbow trout, these larvae matured and the adult nematodes were identical to C. farionis. These results suggest that the swim-bladder nematode that matures in lake whitefish is a distinct species.

The Migration Route of the Third Stage Larvae ofNippostrongylus brasiliensis(Travassos, 1914)

1967 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen R. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Positive Lymph Nodes

1. 24: rats were infected with 5,000 N.brasiliensislarvae and were examined hourly from 12 to 24 hours after infection for larvae in the blood and the lymph nodes.2. Larvae were found in small numbers in the blood and the lymph nodes; the maximum number of positive blood samples occurring sooner after infection than the maximum number of positive lymph nodes.3. These results were discussed particularly in relation to the timing of the skin to lung migration, and it was concluded that the larvae ofN. brasiliensismigrate mainly in the blood but also in the lymph.

Limited behavioural thermoregulation by adult upriver-migrating sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the Lower Fraser River, British Columbia

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 480-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Donaldson ◽  
S. J. Cooke ◽  
D. A. Patterson ◽  
S. G. Hinch ◽  
D. Robichaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
And Migration

The objective of this study was to combine radio telemetry with individual thermal loggers to assess the extent to which adult migrating sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)) behaviourally thermoregulate during their migration through the Fraser River mainstem, British Columbia. The Fraser mainstem represents a region of the migration route that contains some of the highest mean temperatures encountered by sockeye salmon during their life history. We found that throughout the study area, individual sockeye salmon body temperatures occasionally deviated from ambient temperatures (ΔT), yet individuals maintained a ΔT of –1 °C or cooler for only 5% of their migration through the study region. There were moderate mean deviations of ΔT in two segments that are known to contain thermally stratified waters. In one of the study segments with the greatest ΔT, mean body temperatures decreased as river temperatures increased and ΔT became increasingly positive with higher river discharge rates, but these relationships were not observed in any of the other study segments. No relationship existed between ΔT and migration rate. While periodic associations with cool water were evident, mean body temperatures were not significantly different than mean river temperatures throughout the lower Fraser mainstem. This finding raises further conservation concerns for vulnerable Fraser River sockeye stocks that are predicted to encounter increasing peak summer river temperatures in the coming decades.

BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON SOCKEYE SALMON DURING SPAWNING MIGRATION: I. PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS, PLASMA CHOLESTEROL, AND ELECTROLYTE LEVELS

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 783-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Idler ◽  
H. Tsuyuki
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Pure Race ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Percentage Basis

Physical measurements have been made on all major organs and tissues of a pure race of migrating adult Oncorhynchus nerka. The data show that the population was sufficiently uniform in size that average weights and measurements performed on fish taken at three locations on the migration route quite accurately represented a standard fish of both sexes. The results will enable chemical analyses to be interpreted as changes in absolute amounts of a given tissue component rather than only on a percentage basis. The merits of this approach to an evaluation of changes in migrating salmon is demonstrated by the magnitude of the weight changes in many tissues during the 715-mile migration. A standard male lost only 11% of its body flesh whereas a standard female lost 30%. The alimentary tract decreased to one sixth of the initial weight. The milt increased by 51% w hile the roe increased by 272%. Thus, it is apparent that percentage composition data cannot show quantitative changes in a fish as it moves up the river. The results are discussed in relation to the findings of others on Salmonidae.Plasma cholesterol, magnesium, calcium, sulphate, and urea levels were measured on pooled blood samples from the 216 fish.

Location-specific consequences of beach seine and gillnet capture on upriver-migrating sockeye salmon migration behavior and fate

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 2011-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur L. Bass ◽  
Scott G. Hinch ◽  
David A. Patterson ◽  
Steven J. Cooke ◽  
Anthony P. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Time ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Migration Behavior ◽  
Beach Seine ◽  
Gill Net ◽  
Total Impact ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Incidental Mortality

Fish released after capture, or fish interacting with gear but escaping, sometimes experience fishing-related incidental mortality (FRIM). For adult Pacific salmon migrations, knowing the magnitude of FRIM is important to estimate escapement accurately and to understand the total impact of a specific fishery. To determine how multiple gear types are associated with FRIM at different levels of maturity, we captured sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) by both gill net and beach seine at three locations along their migration route (10%, 26%, and 72% of a 500 km freshwater migration) and determined their migratory success using biotelemetry. FRIM was higher for fish captured by gill net except at the location closest to spawning grounds. In addition, salmon captured by gill net at the lower river locations temporarily delayed migration, potentially indicating a requirement for lengthier recovery time compared with beach-seined fish. These results provide the first empirical and parallel comparison of these two common in-river fishing methods for salmon, revealing clear differences in FRIM between the two fishing methods in lower river fisheries and the importance of maturity.

The timing of adult sockeye salmon migration into fresh water: adaptations by populations to prevailing thermal regimes

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 542-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayre Hodgson ◽  
Thomas P Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Thermal Regimes ◽  
Timing Of Migration ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Timing Of Spawning

Anadromous fishes migrate to sea, apparently to take advantage of growing conditions, and return to fresh water to spawn. Despite favorable growing conditions at sea in summer, some populations leave the ocean in spring, many months prior to spawning. We hypothesized that this premature migration is a consequence of the fish having to avoid stressful summer temperatures in order to access certain suitable areas for spawning in the fall. We tested this idea in sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, by compiling data on the timing of migration and spawning and the freshwater temperature regime along the migration route in populations throughout the species' North American range. The timing of migration varied among populations and was primarily related to temperature regime during migration and the timing of spawning. When temperatures were moderate (<19°C), sockeye salmon tended to migrate to the vicinity of the spawning grounds about 1 month prior to spawning, regardless of the length of the freshwater migration. However, populations on whose migration route the average temperature exceeded 19°C displayed two basic patterns. Some populations entered fresh water prior to the warmest period, months before spawning, whereas others migrated after the period of highest temperatures had occurred.

Histological Investigation of Swim-bladder Morphology and Inflation in Cultured Larval Striped Trumpeter (Latris lineata) (Teleostei, Latridae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Goodsell ◽  
D Wikeley ◽  
L Searle
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Columnar Epithelium ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Gas Gland ◽  
Swim Bladder Inflation ◽  
Latris Lineata ◽  
Striped Trumpeter

Histological techniques revealed that primary swim-bladder inflation in Latris lineata, a Tasmanian marine finfish, occurred before first feeding (Days 6 to 8 after hatch, depending on culture conditions). The histological appearance of the swim-bladder altered markedly after inflation; the lumen lining changed from columnar epithelium to predominantly squamous epithelium with an anterior crescent of cuboidal epithelial cells forming the gas gland. The pneumatic duct traversed ventrally from the posterior end of the swim-bladder and entered the intestine at the junction of the oesophagus and the intestine. The columnar epithelium persisted in non-inflated swim-bladders, and proliferation of the underlying vascular system caused the epithelium to fold and fill the entire lumen.

scholarly journals First record of Rhipidocotyle santanaensis (Digenea) parasitizing Acestrorhynchus lacustris from Batalha River, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 878-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. O. Pedro ◽  
L. S. Pelegrini ◽  
R. K. Azevedo ◽  
V. D. Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Ejaculatory Duct ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
First Record ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Host Fish ◽  
Pyloric Caeca ◽  
Paulo State

Abstract This paper describes the occurrence of digenetic Rhipidocotyle santanaensis Lunaschi, 2004 in Brazil. This parasite was found in the liver, heart, gonads, intestine, pyloric caeca, stomach, swim bladder and cavity of Acestrorhynchus lacustris (Lütken, 1875) from the Batalha River, São Paulo State, with higher incidence in gonads and digestive tract. The parasite specimens found in this study showed morphological characteristics very similar to specimens from Argentina, with differences only in relation to the ejaculatory duct and seminal vesicle. However, Brazilian specimens presented great morphometrical differences between specimens described in Argentina, with much higher measures. This is the first record of this metazoan parasite species in Brazil and in this host fish.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Guinea fowl and domestic fowl hybrids as potential surrogate hosts for avian cryopreservation programmes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariann Molnár ◽  
Bence Lázár ◽  
Nikoletta Sztán ◽  
Barbara Végi ◽  
Árpád Drobnyák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Guinea Fowl ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Sterile Hybrid ◽  
Viable Offspring

Abstract In the last decade, avian gene preservation research has focused on the use of the early precursors of the reproductive cells, the primordial germ cells (PGCs). This is because avian PGCs have a unique migration route through the vascular system which offers easy accessibility. Furthermore, culturing of the cells in vitro, freezing/thawing, reintegration into a recipient embryo and the development of the germ cells can be carried out in well-defined laboratory circumstances. The efficient recovery of the donor genotype and the frequency of germline transmission from the surrogate host animals are still areas which need further development. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate an infertile interspecific hybrid (recipient) as an appropriate host for primordial germ cells from native poultry breeds. Guinea fowl × chicken hybrids were produced, the crossing was repeated inversely. The phenotype, the hatching time, the hatching rate, the sex ratio, the presence of own germ cells, the fertility and the phenotype of viable hybrids and the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities of dead hybrid embryos were described. 6.65% viable offspring was obtained with crossing of Guinea fowl females with domestic fowl males. Crossing of domestic fowl hens with Guinea fowl male resulted in lower fertility, 0.14% viable offspring. Based on the investigations, the observed offspring from the successful crossing were sterile male hybrids, thus an extreme form of Haldane’s rule was manifested. The sterile hybrid male embryos were tested by injecting fluorescently labeled chicken PGCs. The integration rate of labeled PGCs was measured in 7.5-day, 14.5-day and 18.5-day old embryonic gonads. 50%, 5.3% and 2.4% of the injected hybrid embryos survived and 40%, 5.3% and 2.4% of the examined gonads contained fluorescent labeled donor PGCs. Therefore, these sterile hybrid males may be suitable recipients for male PGCs and possibly for female PGCs although with lower efficiency. This research work shows that the sterility of hybrids can be used in gene conservation to be a universal host for PGCs of different avian species.

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