Comparative Electropherograms of Representatives of the Families Petromyzontidae, Esocidae, Centrarchidae, and Percidae

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1663-1671 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Uthe ◽  
E. Roberts ◽  
L. W. Clarke ◽  
H. Tsuyuki
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Chemical Markers ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobilities ◽  
Great Slave Lake ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Minor Protein

The starch gel electropherogram of muscle myogens and blood hemoglobins of representatives from the families Petromyzontidae, Esocidae, Centrarchidae, and Percidae were found to be within the limits of species specificity with some exceptions. Evidence of polymorphism was found in the muscle myogen of Stizostedion vitreum of the family Percidae. Only one type of homozygous pattern, designated A, was found in specimens from Great Slave lake, while both the homozygotes A and B as well as the heterozygote AB were found in samples from Lake St. Clair. Further genetically interpretable polymorphisms were also found in the minor protein zones. These natural chemical markers are discussed from the standpoint of their usefulness in subpopulation analyses. The presence of protein zones of common electrophoretic mobilities in three species of the family Petromyzontidae indicated marked resemblances of the muscle myogens at the family level. Total plasma proteins of P. marinus showed vast changes during their parasitic and nonparasitic stages of development. The muscle myogens of some members of the family Centrarchidae also showed strong familial relationships. In hybrids of this group biosynthetic systems for muscle myogens and plasma proteins of both parents were present.

Comparative Electropherograms of Coregonus clupeaformis, Salvelinus namaycush, S. alpinus, S. malma, and S. fontinalis from the Family Salmonidae

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1599-1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tsuyuki ◽  
J. F. Uthe ◽  
E. Roberts ◽  
L. W. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Great Slave Lake ◽  
Cayuga Lake ◽  
The Family

Zone electropherograms of muscle myogens and blood proteins of members of the family Salmonidae revealed in addition to species specificity, marked similarities at the genus and family levels. In genera investigated, other than the Oncorhynchus, intraspecies polymorphisms were found. Two general hemoglobin patterns were uncovered from specimens of Coregonus clupeaformis from Great Slave Lake while their muscle myogen patterns were specifically uniform. Salvelinus namaycush from Lake Superior and Cayuga Lake were readily distinguishable by differences in their multiple hemoglobin patterns as well as by plasma proteins as revealed by polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis. Muscle myogen electropherograms of S. namaycush, S. alpinus, and S. malma showed striking similarities, the latter two being almost superimposable while the patterns of Salvelinus fontinalis were more closely allied to that of the genus Salmo. The value of muscle myogens in phylogenetic studies and in intraspecies protein variations as diagnostic characters in stock analyses is discussed.

Bovine Platelet Proteins III. Some Properties of Platelet Fibrinogen

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 428-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. O Solum ◽  
S Łopaciuk
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Viscosity ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobilities ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
The Difference

Summary1. Some properties of purified bovine platelet fibrinogen have been described and the data compared to those obtained by parallel analysis of purified bovine plasma fibrinogen.2. A close similarity was found between platelet and plasma fibrinogen as to sedimentation coefficients, electrophoretic mobilities in starch gel and polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis, light absorption spectra in the range 240 mμ to 330 mμ, ability to form immunoprecipitate with a rabbit antiserum against bovine plasma fibrinogen, total amino acid composition and in N-terminal amino acids.Differences between the fibrinogens were found as to intrinsic viscosity, carbohydrate content and behaviour upon clotting by thrombin. Intrinsic viscosity in 0.3 M NaCl at 25° was 0.48 dl/g for platelet fibrinogen as compared to 0.26 dl/g for plasma fibrinogen. The carbohydrate content of platelet fibrinogen was 0.56 ± 0.10% 1.56±0.10% and 1.37±0.09% for sialic acid (calculated as N-glycolyl neuraminic acid), hexose (galactose/mannose 1:2) and hexosamine (glucosamine), respectively. These values were 6, 54 and 26% higher than those found for plasma fibrinogen. The difference in clotting behaviour indicated a slower polymerization rate of the fibrin monomers formed from platelet fibrinogen than of those formed from plasma fibrinogen.

scholarly journals Unearthing LTR retrotransposon gag genes co-opted in the deep evolution of eukaryotes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Wang ◽  
Guan-Zhu Han
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Ltr Retrotransposon ◽  
Ltr Retrotransposons ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Gene Expression Analyses ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Gypsy Retrotransposons

Abstract LTR retrotransposons comprise a major component of the genomes of eukaryotes. On occasion, retrotransposon genes can be recruited by their hosts for diverse functions, a process formally referred to as co-option. However, a comprehensive picture of LTR retrotransposon gag gene co-option in eukaryotes is still lacking, with several documented cases exclusively involving Ty3/Gypsy retrotransposons in animals. Here we use a phylogenomic approach to systemically unearth co-option of retrotransposon gag genes above the family level of taxonomy in 2,011 eukaryotes, namely co-option occurring during the deep evolution of eukaryotes. We identify a total of 14 independent gag gene co-option events across more than 740 eukaryote families, eight of which have not been reported previously. Among these retrotransposon gag gene co-option events, nine, four, and one involve gag genes of Ty3/Gypsy, Ty1/Copia, and Bel-Pao retrotransposons, respectively. Seven, four, and three co-option events occurred in animals, plants, and fungi, respectively. Interestingly, two co-option events took place in the early evolution of angiosperms. Both selective pressure and gene expression analyses further support that these co-opted gag genes might perform diverse cellular functions in their hosts, and several co-opted gag genes might be subject to positive selection. Taken together, our results provide a comprehensive picture of LTR retrotransposon gag gene co-option events that occurred during the deep evolution of eukaryotes, and suggest paucity of LTR retrotransposon gag gene co-option during the deep evolution of eukaryotes.

scholarly journals The Role of Botanical Families in Medicinal Ethnobotany: A Phylogenetic Perspective

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Airy Gras ◽  
Oriane Hidalgo ◽  
Ugo D’Ambrosio ◽  
Montse Parada ◽  
Teresa Garnatje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Phylogenetic Level ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Medicinal Flora

Studies suggesting that medicinal plants are not chosen at random are becoming more common. The goal of this work is to shed light on the role of botanical families in ethnobotany, depicting in a molecular phylogenetic frame the relationships between families and medicinal uses of vascular plants in several Catalan-speaking territories. The simple quantitative analyses for ailments categories and the construction of families and disorders matrix were carried out in this study. A Bayesian approach was used to estimate the over- and underused families in the medicinal flora. Phylogenetically informed analyses were carried out to identify lineages in which there is an overrepresentation of families in a given category of use, i.e., hot nodes. The ethnobotanicity index, at a specific level, was calculated and also adapted to the family level. Two diversity indices to measure the richness of reported taxa within each family were calculated. A total of 47,630 use reports were analysed. These uses are grouped in 120 botanical families. The ethnobotanicity index for this area is 14.44% and the ethnobotanicity index at the family level is 68.21%. The most-reported families are Lamiaceae and Asteraceae and the most reported troubles are disorders of the digestive and nutritional system. Based on the meta-analytic results, indicating hot nodes of useful plants at the phylogenetic level, specific ethnopharmacological research may be suggested, including a phytochemical approach of particularly interesting taxa.

scholarly journals Inuit plant use in the eastern Subarctic: comparative ethnobotany in Kangiqsualujjuaq, Nunavik, and in Nain, Nunatsiavut

Botany ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 271-282
Author(s):  
Alain Cuerrier ◽  
Courtenay Clark ◽  
Christian H. Norton
Keyword(s):  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Ethnobotanical Knowledge ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Plant Uses ◽  
The Family ◽  
Plant Names ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Comparative Ethnobotany

Plants are important in traditional Inuit life. They are used for food, tea, medicine, etc. Based on semi-structured interviews with 35 informants, we documented and compared plant names and uses in Kangiqsualujjuaq, Nunavik, and in Nain, Nunatsiavut. Plant names and uses were expected to be similar between communities owing to common boreal–subarctic environments and cultural ties. Both communities reported the same number of taxa, with equivalent proportions of vascular and nonvascular plants, growth forms, use categories, and medicinal uses. Forty-three species were used in each community, for a total of 78 species from 39 families. Despite a high overlap in species distributions, only 35% of nonvascular and 56% of vascular species were used in both communities. Correspondence was higher at the family level (64% of nonvascular and 75% of vascular families shared). The Ericaceae family was the most used, followed by Rosaceae. Thirteen of 30 medicinal species were shared between communities. There was a low correspondence regarding the conditions for which the medicinal species were used. Edible taxa were shared the most (52%). Plant uses unique to either Nain or Kangiqsualujjuaq may reveal separate bodies of traditional knowledge, or may reflect an overall loss of ethnobotanical knowledge in the Subarctic due to recent lifestyle changes.

Morphological and biochemical systematics of chubs, Nocomis biguttatus and N. micropogon (Pisces: Cyprinidae), in southern Ontario

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira M. Ferguson ◽  
David L. G. Noakes ◽  
Roy G. Danzmann
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobilities ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Respective Species ◽  
Probability Of Misclassification

Examination of 17 presumptive gene loci by starch-gel electrophoresis revealed differential mobilities only at acid phosphatase-1, alcohol dehydrogenase, esterase-1, and phosphoglucomutase between Nocomis biguttatus and N. micropogon. No intraspecific variation was observed for any loci. The genetic identity (I) and genetic distance (D) were 0.874 and 0.134, respectively. The correlation of electrophoretic mobilities and nuptial tubercle pattern in sexually dimorphic males supports the present taxonomic distinction of these species and provides a simple, unambiguous means of identifying any individuals.Stepwise discriminant function analysis of a series of mensural characters was used to compare fish identified as to species by electrophoresis. At best this correctly assigned fish to their respective species in 85.7% of cases, with a probability of misclassification of 0.1335.This study suggests these two are sibling species, based on a comparison of biochemical and morphological differentiation.

Phanerozoic trends in the global geographic disparity of marine biotas

Paleobiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold I. Miller ◽  
Devin P. Buick ◽  
Katherine V. Bulinski ◽  
Chad A. Ferguson ◽  
Austin J. W. Hendy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Marine Animal ◽  
Animal Life ◽  
Data Repositories ◽  
Geographic Disparity ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
History Of

Previous analyses of the history of Phanerozoic marine biodiversity suggested that the post-Paleozoic increase observed at the family level and below was caused, in part, by an increase in global provinciality associated with the breakup of Pangea. Efforts to characterize the Phanerozoic history of provinciality, however, have been compromised by interval-to-interval variations in the methods and standards used by researchers to calibrate the number of provinces. With the development of comprehensive, occurrence-based data repositories such as the Paleobiology Database (PaleoDB), it is now possible to analyze directly the degree of global compositional disparity as a function of geographic distance (geo-disparity) and changes thereof throughout the history of marine animal life. Here, we present a protocol for assessing the Phanerozoic history of geo-disparity, and we apply it to stratigraphic bins arrayed throughout the Phanerozoic for which data were accessed from the PaleoDB. Our analyses provide no indication of a secular Phanerozoic increase in geo-disparity. Furthermore, fundamental characteristics of geo-disparity may have changed from era to era in concert with changes to marine venues, although these patterns will require further scrutiny in future investigations.

scholarly journals APLIKASI ZERO WASTE DALAM LINGKUNGAN MASYARAKAT DESA TUMPUKRENTENG DENGAN PENDEKATAN ASET BASE COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT THEORY

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Evawati Alisah
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Solution Model ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Zero Waste ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Small Things

Constructing dreams together with discovering a unique and communally defined design in a particular place destination in overcoming the problem of waste is an achievement that should be appreciated. Go to Zero Waste must indeed be raised in all circles so that the predicate of producing plastic waste is no longer attached to Indonesia.Inorganic waste from family level activities, whose sustainability is maintained because of adat: is managed together with a simple organization and the amount is limited eventually if accumulated will become a mountain of problems that are resolved, even into results that can be utilized. The solution model can be applied elsewhere in order to solve the problem of garbage from the family level during the celebration. RT 13 RW 03 neighborhood of Tumpukrenteng Village, Turen District, Malang Regency has proven that it can mobilize assets for small things, such as garbage so that it becomes a blessing. 

scholarly journals STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF ELITE FAMILY UPBRINGING AND HOME EDUCATION IN RUSSIAN IN 18TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-164
Author(s):  
Марина Алексеевна Мазалова
Keyword(s):  
Educational Practice ◽  
Home Education ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Content Organization ◽  
State Education ◽  
National Values ◽  
The Family ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Basic Characteristics

Выявлена специфика организации и эволюционирования элитного семейного воспитания и домашнего образования, а также содержания государственной политики в сфере регулирования отношений воспитания в семье и определения на этой основе этапов развития данных процессов в России в XVIII – начале XX в. Организация исследований учитывает эволюцию семейной образовательной практики, которая позволяет проследить логику становления и развития элитного семейного воспитания и домашнего образования. Были определены критериальные признаки, характеризующие особенности содержания, организации и методики элитных педагогических процессов, протекавших в семье в изучаемый период. Периодизация осуществлялась на основе соотнесения с факторами элитизации личности в условиях семьи, среди важнейших названы содержание семейного воспитания и домашнего образования; совокупность средств, методов и педагогических приемов, требования к личности и профессиональным качествам домашних учителей и иностранных гувернеров и др. Выделено четыре исторических периода (этапа). На первом этапе (начало XVIII в. – 1750-е гг.) оформились базовые характеристики осуществления взаимодействия взрослых и детей с целью формирования элитной личности. Второй этап (1760-е гг. – начало XIX в.) характеризуется влиянием на лучшие практики семейного воспитания складывающейся системы государственного образования. Третий этап (начало XIX в. – 1840-е гг.) связан с возвращением к национальным ценностям в семейной воспитательной практике, ослаблением влияния иностранного гувернерства. Завершающий период – 1850-е гг. и до Революции 1917 г. – характеризуется тем, что все наиболее значимые элитивистские тенденции и традиции семейного воспитания и домашнего образования достигли высшей степени развития и выраженности. Предложенная нами периодизация позволяет определить временные этапы генезиса этих педагогических процессов, выделить основные тенденции их исторического эволюционирования, проследить особенности возникновения и проявления элитивистских образовательных тенденций в семьях дворянской и купеческой элиты, в императорской семье. The purpose of the article is to identify the characteristic features of the organization and logic of evolving the tendencies of elite family upbringing and home education as well as the content of the state policy in the sphere of regulating the relations of upbringing in the family and to define on that basis the stages of development of these processes in the period of the 18th – the early 20th centuries. The organization of the research takes into account the evolution of educational practice which allows us to track the logic of the formation and development of elite family upbringing and home education. We defined the criterial features characterizing the peculiarities of the content, organization and methodology of elite pedagogical processes going in the family in the period under study. Thechronological frames of the research are grounded. The periodization of the historical development of elite family upbringing was conducted on the basis of correlation with the factors of elitization of the personality under the conditions of the family. Among the most important are the content of family upbringing and home education, the sum total of the means, methods and pedagogical techniques, requirements for the personality and professional characteristics of home teachers and foreign family tutors and others. At the first stage (the early 18th – the 1750s) of the development of elite family upbringing and home education in Russia the basic characteristics of realizing an interaction of adults and children for the purpose of creating an elite personality are formed. The second stage (from the 1760s to the early 19the century) can be characterized by the influence of the forming system of state education on the best practices of family upbringing. The third stage of evolving elite family upbringing and home education (the early 19th – the 1840s) is connected with returning to national values in family upbringing practice, weakening the influence of foreign family tutorship on the formation of moral sphere of elite personality. The last period (the 1850s up to the revolution of 1917) can be characterized by the fact that all the most significant elitivist tendencies and traditions of family upbringing and home education reached the highest degree of their development and manifestation. The periodization of the development of elite family upbringing and home education in Russia in the 18th – the early 20th centuries suggested by us allows to identify the time stages of the genesis of these pedagogical processes, to single out the main tendencies of their historical evolving, to trace the peculiarities of emergence and manifestation of elitivist educational tendencies in families of the nobility and merchants belonging to the elite, in the family of the emperor.

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