scholarly journals Marine fish haematozoa from Newfoundland waters

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard K. F. So
Keyword(s):  
Marine Fish ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Melanogrammus Aeglefinus ◽  
Potential Vector ◽  
Type Host ◽  
Limanda Ferruginea ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Myoxocephalus Scorpius ◽  
Raja Radiata ◽  
Hippoglossoides Platessoides

Of 797 fish of 28 species, 159 of 12 species yielded blood protozoa. Trypanosoma rajae is recorded from Raja radiata. Undetermined trypanosomes are reported from Glyptocephalus cynoglossus and Gadus morhua, respectively. Haemogregarina myoxocephali is listed from the type host, Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus. The occurrence of haemogregarine sporozoites (perhaps of this species) in the gut of a piscicolid leech (Malmiana nuda) from Myoxocephalus scorpius represents the first discovery of a potential vector of any fish haemogregarine. New hosts are listed for Haemogregarina delagei and H. platessae. A babesioid Haemohormidium terraenovae n. sp. is described from six hosts: Ammodytes americanus, Urophycis tenuis, Melanogrammus aeglefinus, Limanda ferruginea, Glyptocephalus cynoglossus, and Hippoglossoides platessoides; and another, Haemohormidium beckeri n. s p., from Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus.

Marine Fish Tissue Culture

1963 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Townsley ◽  
H. G. Wight ◽  
M. A. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
White Perch ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Fish Tissue ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Myoxocephalus Scorpius ◽  
Raja Radiata

Cell proliferation of tissue explants of different organs from marine fish has been achieved in a nutrient solution composed of Medium 199 plus 10% human serum. Fin, spleen, heart, kidney, liver, gonad, brain, uterus, and thymus tissues have been cultured. The tissues were obtained from sexually mature Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), white perch (Roccus americanus) winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), thorny skate (Raja radiata), American goosefish (Lophius americanus), pollock (Pollachius virens), and shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius). An actively dividing cell culture of flounder kidney cells prepared by mechanical disruption of the kidney tissue was maintained through serial transfers over several months. Heart explants from the cod vigorously pulsated in tissue culture.

Susceptibility of marine fish to trypanosomes

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1235-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Marine Fish ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Marine Fish Species ◽  
Limanda Ferruginea ◽  
Spotted Wolffish ◽  
Host Origin ◽  
Morphology And Morphometry ◽  
Hippoglossoides Platessoides

Trypanosomes, some of similar morphology and morphometry, were observed in the blood of seven species of marine teleosts (Pleuronectiformes: American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides), yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea), and grey sole (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus); Perciformes: Arctic eelpout (Lycodes reticulatus), spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor), striped wolffish (A. lupus), and polka-dot seasnail (Liparis cyclostigma)) collected off coastal Newfoundland, Canada. Experiments to ascertain specificity or susceptibility of the trypanosomes were initiated using leeches as vectors. Trypanosomes from pleuronectiform and perciform fish were equally infective to taxonomically related and unrelated species, including a gadiform fish, the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Moreover, Trypanosoma murmanensis of the cod was transmitted to pleuronectiform, perciform, anguilliform, and gadiform fish. No marine fish species tested was insusceptible to trypanosomes isolated from the different hosts. In all fish, there was a progessive increase in size with time, reaching the maximum by 60 days postinfection. No striking differences in morphology or morphometry were apparent among the trypanosomes in recipient fish regardless of host origin. The opinion is expressed that the trypanosomes of these marine fish, which have overlapping geographical distributions, belong to a single species, referrable to T. murmanensis Nikitin, 1927.

Marine Fish Haematozoa from New Brunswick and New England

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1075-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall Laird ◽  
Wilbur L. Bullock
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
New Records ◽  
Present Finding ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Passamaquoddy Bay ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Western Side ◽  
Viruslike Particles

Of 1142 fish (68 species) examined, 140 (21 species) yielded blood parasites. Overall incidence was much higher at St. Andrews, N.B., than at Woods Hole, Mass., as was the variety of fish harbouring haematozoa — 15 species (46.9%) in the former case, but only 4 (9.3%) in the latter.Trypanosoma rajae Laveran and Mesnil and Cryptobia bullocki Strout are new records for Canada, Haemogregarina delagei Laveran and Mesnil has not previously been reported from the western side of the Atlantic, and the present finding of an undesignated species of Haemohormidium Henry (a babesioid genus with which Babesiosoma Jakowska and Nigrelli is now synonymized) is the first from North American marine fish. New hosts and localities are listed for Haemogregarina bigemina Laveran and Mesnil, H. platessae Lebailly, H. aeglefini Henry, H. myoxocephali Fantham et al., and certain unidentified haemogregarines. Haemogregarina urophysis Fantham et al. is relegated to synonymy with H. aeglefini; and H. gadi pollachii Henry and H. pollachii Henry are discarded as nomina nuda. Myxosporidians of the genus Kudoa are reported (presumably as contaminants derived from slit muscle) in blood films from six hosts.Haemogregarina mavori n.sp., from Passamaquoddy Bay Macrozoarces americanus, averages 6.4 × 2.9 μ. Broadly oval to reniform and with a large, subterminal nucleus, it is found in erythrocytes that are shorter and broader than normal and exhibit marked nuclear displacement.Piscine erythrocytic necrosis (PEN) is a degenerative infection responsible for massive red blood cell destruction in Gadus morhua (Passamaquoddy Bay) and also found in Liparis atlanticus (Kent Island, N.B.) and Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus (Portsmouth Harbor, N.H.). A distinctive inclusion body formed in the cytoplasm of infected red cells recalls similar bodies associated with Pirhemocyton Chatton and Blanc and Toddia França. Erythrocyte nuclei disintegrate with the liberation of viruslike particles formed in vesicles within them.

Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma murmanensis in marine fish of the northwestern Atlantic following experimental transmission

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 2141-2144 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Marine Fish ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Pathological Feature ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Potential Pathogen ◽  
Myoxocephalus Scorpius ◽  
Hemopoietic System

The susceptibility of four species of marine fish (Gadus morhua, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Myoxocephalus scorpius, and Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus) to leech-transmitted Trypanosoma murmanensis was assessed 49–60 days after infection by comparing condition factor, organ somatic indices, parasitological, hematological, and histological findings with corresponding uninfected animals. The fish were maintained at temperatures (0–1 °C) to simulate the environment where transmission occurs naturally. High mortality occurred in juvenile Atlantic cod and winter flounder, but deaths decreased with increasing fish size. No adult fish died except flounder when fin rot was present. Anemia was the most common pathological feature observed in young fish at necropsy, but its severity was not always correlated with the level of parasitemia. The persistent anemia was probably associated with an inactive rather than an impaired hemopoietic system. Condition factor and somatic indices of liver, spleen, and heart were altered in some infected fish groups. It is concluded that T. murmanensis is a potential pathogen, especially to juvenile American plaice, Hippoglossoides platessoides, in which high prevalences of natural infections have been observed in some areas of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean.

Two New Host Species for the Parasitic Fungus Ichthyophonus hoferi in the Northwest Atlantic

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1776-1777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry D. Hendricks
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Parasitic Fungus ◽  
New Host ◽  
Yellowtail Flounder ◽  
Limanda Ferruginea ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Longhorn Sculpin ◽  
New Host Species

Microscopic examination of kidney tissues from eight Gulf of Maine fish species revealed cysts of the fungus Ichthyophonus hoferi, Plehn and Mulsow, in individuals from three species. Two of these species, the longhorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus) and the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), are new hosts for this parasite in Gulf of Maine waters. The other species, the yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea), was previously reported as an Ichthyophonus host.

Some Auditory Discrimination Experiments on Marine Fish

1974 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-528
Author(s):  
C. J. CHAPMAN ◽  
A. D. F. JOHNSTONE
Keyword(s):  
Marine Fish ◽  
Sound Localization ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Auditory Discrimination ◽  
Masking Effect ◽  
Melanogrammus Aeglefinus ◽  
Sound Direction ◽  
Cardiac Conditioning ◽  
Haddock Melanogrammus Aeglefinus

The ability of cod, Gadus morhua (L.), and haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus (L.), to discriminate changes in sound direction and amplitude was studied using a cardiac conditioning technique. In one experiment it was found that the masking effect of noise transmitted from one sound projector on the ability of the fish to detect a tone (60-380 Hz) transmitted from another projector was reduced by 7 dB when the angle between the projectors was 45° or greater. It was also shown that the fish could be conditioned to a change in the direction of a pulsed tone switched between two projectors. The fish were able to discriminate changes in sound amplitude of 1.3-9.5 dB at frequencies between 50 and 380 Hz. The results are discussed in relation to sound localization in fish.

Effects of release parameters on recovery rates of tagged groundfish species

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1732-1751 ◽  
Author(s):  
G M Fowler ◽  
W T Stobo
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Melanogrammus Aeglefinus ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Significant Determinant ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Recovery Rates ◽  
Haddock Melanogrammus Aeglefinus ◽  
Hippoglossoides Platessoides ◽  
Over Time

A compilation of groundfish mark-recapture studies conducted in the Northwest Atlantic from 1953 to 1985 was examined by analysis of deviance to determine the effects of release parameters on subsequent recoveries of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), pollock (Pollachius virens), and American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides). Fish length was a major determinant of recoveries for all four species, with recovery rates generally increasing with increasing fish length. Depth of capture was a significant determinant of recoveries for cod and haddock, with recovery rates decreasing as depth increased. Year of release was a significant determinant for all four species, with recovery rates declining in recent years. Declines in recovery rates of cod, haddock, and pollock occurred during certain months or seasons. Recovery rates decreased where fish were tagged in areas most distant from inhabited coastal regions, but the interpretation of this effect is complicated by changes in the fisheries over time between areas. Recovery rates also decreased with increasing catch size and varied between different tag types and capture methods. The results should prove useful in the design of tagging protocols and analysis of recovery data.

Parasites as biological tags in marine fisheries research: European Atlantic waters

Parasitology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. MACKENZIE ◽  
W. HEMMINGSEN
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Melanogrammus Aeglefinus ◽  
Ecological Group ◽  
The North ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Mediterranean And Black Seas ◽  
Biological Tags

SUMMARYStudies of the use of parasites as biological tags for stock identification and to follow migrations of marine fish, mammals and invertebrates in European Atlantic waters are critically reviewed and evaluated. The region covered includes the North, Baltic, Barents and White Seas plus Icelandic waters, but excludes the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Each fish species or ecological group of species is treated separately. More parasite tag studies have been carried out on Atlantic herring Clupea harengus than on any other species, while cod Gadus morhua have also been the subject of many studies. Other species that have been the subjects of more than one study are: blue whiting Micromesistius poutassou, whiting Merlangius merlangus, haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus, Norway pout Trisopterus esmarkii, horse mackerel Trachurus trachurus and mackerel Scomber scombrus. Other species are dealt with under the general headings redfishes, flatfish, tunas, anadromous fish, elasmobranchs, marine mammals and invertebrates. A final section highlights how parasites can be, and have been, misused as biological tags, and how this can be avoided. It also reviews recent developments in methodology and parasite genetics, considers the potential effects of climate change on the distributions of both hosts and parasites, and suggests host-parasite systems that should reward further research.

scholarly journals Population dynamics of two sympatric intertidal fish species (the shanny, Lipophrys pholis and long-spined scorpion fish, Taurulus bubalis) of Great Britain

2016 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Barrett ◽  
M.L. Johnson ◽  
S.L. Hull
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Rocky Intertidal ◽  
Melanogrammus Aeglefinus ◽  
Intertidal Zones ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Scorpion Fish

The shanny/common blenny (Lipophrys pholis) and long-spined scorpionfish/bullhead (Taurulus bubalis) are commonly encountered, sympatric species within much of Great Britain's rocky intertidal zones. Despite being prey items of the cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) respectively, and both contributors to the diet of the near-threatened European otter (Lutra lutra), little is known on the population dynamics of the temperate specimens of Great Britain. It is further less known of the degrees of sympatricity between the two fish species and to what extent they are able to coexist. The current study examines spatio-temporal distributions and abundances at various resolutions: monthly population dynamics of both species along England's Yorkshire coast and seasonal population dynamics along the Yorkshire coast and around the Isle of Anglesey, Wales. Studies of their abundances, sizes, degrees of rock pool co-occurrence and diel activities are further examined, which indicate coexistence is maintained when interspecific co-occurrence takes place only between specimens of similar sizes, thus demoting size-related dominance hierarchies.

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