Blood pH and Mortality in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdnerii) and Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

1962 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. E. Jonas ◽  
Harcharan S. Sehdev ◽  
N. Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Similar Association

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii) under light anaesthesia with MS 222 (tricaine methanesulphonate) died when their blood pH was lowered into the range of 6.8 to 6.9 by injection of either lactic acid or hydrochloric acid. When injection of the same quantities of either acid did not lower the blood pH into this range, fatalities did not result (one exception in 56 fish injected). The injection of much larger quantities of lactate or chloride ions in the form of sodium salts did not cause fatalities.Very limited data for sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) suggest a similar association between blood pH and mortality for this species.

Ketone Bodies in the Blood of Salmonoid Fishes

1965 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.E.E. Jonas ◽  
E. Bilinski
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Spawning Grounds

The concentration of acetoacetate expressed as acetone in the blood of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii) was generally in the range of 0.3–1.0 mg/100 ml and long periods of starvation did not appear to affect this level to any appreciable extent. In sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the pre-spawning stage of migration the concentration of acetoacetate was within the range found for rainbow trout. Higher concentrations of acetoacetate, amounting to approximately 1.5 mg/100 ml of blood, were present in sockeye salmon at the spawning grounds. Rainbow trout, which had been exercised, yielded greater value for β-hydroxybutyrate, and it was shown that under these conditions lactic acid interfered with the determination of β-hydroxybutyrate. Starvation of rainbow trout did not affect the concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate to any appreciable extent. In spawning salmon β-hydroxybutyrate showed some increase, as compared with fish in the pre-spawning stage of migration.

Responses of trout gill ion transport systems to acute acidosis

1976 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-515
Author(s):  
T. H. Kerstetter ◽  
R. Mize
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Ion Transport ◽  
Ion Uptake ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Ph Changes ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Slow Infusion ◽  
Trout Gill

The response of rainbow trout Na+ and Cl- uptake systems to acute acidosis was tested by slow infusion of lactic acid into anaesthetized animals. Depression of blood pH by 0–4 pH unit had no effect on influx rates for either ion, and we conclude that gill ion uptake systems do not respond rapidly to blood pH changes.

Lateral, Chiral Tin(IV) Porphyrin Assemblies

1998 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 273-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
BIANCA ROSENGARTEN ◽  
CHRISTOPH BÖTTCHER ◽  
ANDREA SCHULZ ◽  
J.-H. FUHRHOP ◽  
ULRICH SIGGEL
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Circular Dichroism ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Protoporphyrin Ix ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Circular Dichroism Spectra ◽  
Circular Dichroïsm

The μ-Oxo stacks of tin(IV) porphyrins rearrange to staircase-type and lateral aggregates upon replacement of the oxygen ligands by chloride ions. The lateral aggregation of tin(IV) 2,18-dipropionate porphyrins in hydrochloric acid at pH 0–0.5 is favoured by 8,13-ethyl groups instead of the natural 8,13-vinyl groups of protoporphyrin IX and is impeded by hydrogen atoms at these positions. Replacement of axial chloride counterions to the tin(IV) central ions by cyanate counterions at pH 4.5 leads to similar aggregates if the cyanate ions are connected by hydrogen bonding to acetic or lactic acid. In this case, aggregation is not necessarily impeded by hydrogen atoms at positions 8 and 13. D- and L-lactic acid enforce chiral assemblies of the tin(IV) deuteroporphyrin 1a with mirror image CD (circular dichroism) spectra (θ ≈ 8 × 105 deg cm 2 dmol −1), whereas the gluconoyl hydrazide-substituted tin(IV) deuteroporphyrin 1d does not form aggregates at all.

Factors Affecting Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Predation on Migrant Fry of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Ginetz ◽  
P. A. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Lower Stream ◽  
Downstream Movement

Predation of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) on migrant sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) fry in experimental streams was higher on fry at an earlier development stage, in moonlight by contrast to cloudy night light intensities, at lesser turbidities, and at lower stream velocities. At dusk light intensities, from.05 to.30 ft-c, mortality from predation was inversely related to light intensity. The longer the period of exposure of fry to naturally declining light intensities prior to downstream movement, the lower was the loss to predators. Exposure of predators to high light intensities prior to the downstream movement of fry resulted in decreased fry mortality. Fry that had survived exposure to predators in an experimental stream 1 and 2 days previous were less vulnerable to predation than "naive" fry. Successive exposures further decreased the loss to predation. Fry enumerated at a counting fence suffered less predation than fry not enumerated. Experienced fry moved downstream more rapidly than naive fry.In laboratory aquaria, experienced fry formed compact schools prior to and in response to stimuli, while naive fry formed loose schools or did not school. Experienced fry were less active in responding to stimuli. Enumerated fry resembled experienced fry; nonenumerated fry resembled naive fry.Various techniques of enhancing sockeye salmon fry survival during downstream migration are suggested by these results.

Effect of Metopirone on Pituitary–Interrenal Function in Two Teleosts, Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) and Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1465-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf H. M. Fagerlund ◽  
J. R. McBride ◽  
Edward M. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Pars Distalis ◽  
Marked Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Interrenal Cells ◽  
Rostral Region ◽  
Low Dosage

Metopirone (SU 4885), an inhibitor of 11β-hydroxylation of adrenocorticosteroids, was administered intramuscularly to adult castrated sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) and intact rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Marked hypertrophy of interrenal cells pointed to an increase in the activity of the interrenal tissue of both species. Increased cortisol concentrations in trout at low dosage levels of metopirone suggested that the drug was stressful. However, decreased concentrations at higher dosage levels in trout, and decreased cortisol concentrations in all salmon indicated that the drug was also exerting a marked inhibitory effect on 11β-hydroxylation. In salmon, a repository ACTH preparation (acthar) brought about interrenal hypertrophy similar to that produced by metopirone. Metopirone also induced degranulation and hyperplasia of the cells of the palisade-like layer in the rostral region of the pars distalis in both species of fish. These cells were the only cell type of the pars distalis that were stained with lead-haematoxylin. The evidence indicates that they are the corticotrops.

Alterations in the Blood Level of Lactic Acid in Certain Salmonoid Fishes Following Muscular Activity.: III. Sockeye Salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka

1957 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 807-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar C. Black
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Blood Level ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri

The blood level of lactic acid in hatchery-raised sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, was studied following 15 minutes of vigorous muscular activity. Yearling salmon acclimated and exercised in fresh water showed a sevenfold increase in blood lactic acid following activity, increasing still further during the first two hours of recovery, as in the Kamloops trout, Salmo gairdneri. Yearling salmon acclimated in sea water for two days and then exercised exhibited higher immediate increase in lactic acid and showed less fatigue. The sea water appeared to aid the yearling salmon in coping with fatigue products. However, two-year-old salmon that had been acclimated a year and a half in sea water showed the same change in lactic acid following exercise as the yearlings in fresh water. Five of 19 two-year-old salmon died following the exercise.

Resumption of anadromy or straying? Origins of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka in the Elwha River

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Quinn ◽  
George R. Pess ◽  
Ben J.G. Sutherland ◽  
Samuel J. Brenkman ◽  
Ruth E. Withler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Elwha River

Alternative Recruitment Models of Adams River Sockeye Salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1551-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy S. Collie ◽  
Carl J. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Ricker Model ◽  
The Status ◽  
Stock Recruitment ◽  
High Yields

Despite evidence of depensatory interactions among year-classes of Adams River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), the best management policy is one of equal escapement for all year-classes. We fit alternative models (Ricker model and Larkin model) to 32 yr of stock–recruitment data and checked, using simulation tests, that the significant interaction terms in the Larkin model are not caused by biases in estimating the parameters. We identified a parameter set (Rationalizer model) for which the status quo cyclic escapement policy is optimal, but this set fits the observed data very poorly. Thus it is quite unlikely that the Rationalizer model is correct or that the status quo escapement policy is optimal. Using the fitted stock–recruitment parameters, we simulated the sockeye population under several management policies. The escapement policy optimal under the Ricker model is best overall because of the high yields if it should be correct. If the three stock–recruitment models are equally likely to be correct, the simulations predict that adopting a constant-escapement policy would increase long-term yield 30% over the current policy and that an additional 15% increase in yield could be obtained if the policy were actively adaptive.

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