Chemical Changes in Nitrite-Treated Atlantic Cod Fillets in Relation to Spoilage Assessment

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Vaisey
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Chemical Changes

Results are reported from preliminary studies using various analytical methods to detect spoilage in nitrite-treated Atlantic cod. In a more intensive study of one method, it was found that fresh fillets could be separated from spoiling fillets by their gains in tyrosine value after 3-hour incubation at room temperature.

Polysulfonylamine, XV [1] Synthese von N,N,N′,N′-Tetramesyl-dicarbonsäurediamiden. Cyclisierung von N,N,N′,N′-Tetramesyl-bernsteinsäurediamid zu γ-DimesyIamino-Δβγ-butenolid / Polysulfonylamines, XV [1]. Synthesis of N,N,N′,N′-Tetramesyl Dicarboxylic Diamides. Cyclization of N,N,N′,N′-Tetramesyl Succinic Diamide to γ-Dimesylamino-Δβγ-butenolide

1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armand Blaschette ◽  
Karin Linoh ◽  
Dietrich Koch ◽  
Ludger Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Acid Derivative ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Sodium Succinate ◽  
Ring Closure ◽  
Ring Cleavage ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
C Nmr

N, N, N′, N′ -Tetramesyl dicarboxylic diamides Ms2NC(O)-Q-C(O)NMs2 [Q = (CH2)n with n = 0 (2a), 2 (2b), 3 (2c), 4 (2d); Q = o-phenylene (2e)] were prepared by reacting AgNMs2 (1) with the appropriate dicarboxylic dichlorides in acetonitrile at room temperature (2a, 2 c-2e) or at 0 °C (2b), respectively. Under similar conditions, malonic dichloride undergoes an elimination, forming AgCl, HNMs2 and probably polymeric C3O2. At 20 °C in CH3CN, the succinic acid derivative 2b eliminates one mole of HNMs2 and, by ring closure, yields γ-dimesylamino-Δβγ- butenolide (4a), the first example of a stable γ-amino-Δβγ-butenolide. Treatment of 4a with aqueous NaOH results in the formation of NaNMs2 and sodium succinate. Crystalline 4a is thermally stable at 100 °C; no signs of an isomerization 4a → γ-dimesylamino-Δαγ-butenolide could be detected. Unlike the structurally related α-angelicalactone (4c), whose bromination affords the saturated dibromolactone 9 as a mixture of cis- and mws-isom ers, 4a adds bromine (20 °C, CHCl3) under ring cleavage to form BrC(O)CH2CHBrC(O)NMs2 (7). The new compounds 2, 4a and 7 as well as the stereoisomers of 9 were characterized by spectroscopic (1H and 13C NMR, MS, IR) and analytical methods. In order to obtain reference values for the chemical shifts of 7, the following new compounds were prepared: CH3(CH2)2C(O)NMs2 (10c, from 1 and butvryl chloride); CH3CH2CHBrC(O)NMs2 (12c, from 1 and 2-bromobutyryl bromide); C2H5OC(O)CH 2CHBrC(O)NMs2 (13, from 7 with ethanol and from 4a by simultaneous reaction with bromine and ethanol).

Effect of Hydrothermal Environments on the Erosion of Castable Refractories

1977 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Wiederhorn ◽  
E. R. Fuller ◽  
J. M. Bukowski ◽  
C. R. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Erosive Wear ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
High Pressure Steam ◽  
Pressure Steam ◽  
Hydrothermal Environments

Hydrothermal environments are expected to adversely affect the erosive resistance of castable refractories intended for use in high wear areas of coal gasification plants. The erosive wear behavior of two grades of refractories proposed for such use was studied at room temperature after exposure of the refractories to high-pressure steam. Wear occurs primarily in the cement phase that bonds the more wear-resistant aggregate. The wear resistance of the refractories depended on chemical interactions between the cement and the high pressure steam. Although chemical changes were observed to occur in both refractories, the wear resistance was found to decrease only in those cases for which the strength of the cement phase was substantially reduced.

Photo-Chemical Changes of Aluminium Films on Silicon

1988 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Kellock ◽  
J. S. Williams ◽  
G. L. Nyberg ◽  
J. Liesegang
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Rutherford Backscattering ◽  
Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface And Interface ◽  
Photon Irradiation

AbstractX-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy with channeling are employed to study surface and interface changes resulting from irradiation of thin Al films on Si-SiO2 substrates using < 6eV visible photons. Results indicati that surface oxidation and bonding rearrangements at the Al-SiO2-Si interface can take place at room temperature under photon bombardment. These changes are correlated with enhanced adhesion and modification of film etch properties which are also a result of photon irradiation.

Analytical Methods to Determine Chemical Changes in High-Oil Paraffin Binders Used in Granular Composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Bridge ◽  
Fisher ◽  
Weisshaupt ◽  
Dempsey ◽  
Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Granular Composites

Characterization of pulsed laser deposited Zno-WS2 thin solid film lubricants

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 558-559
Author(s):  
S. D. Walck ◽  
J. S. Zabinski ◽  
N.T. McDevitt ◽  
J. E. Bultman
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Wear Debris ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Solid Film

ZnO-WS2 is a potential high temperature solid film lubricant for aerospace applications that exhibits adaptive lubricant behavior. An adaptive lubricant undergoes phase and/or chemical changes in response to thermal, environmental, and tribological conditions; with the resulting phase or wear debris also being lubricious. Pulsed laser deposited (PLD) ZnO-WS2 thin films deposited at room temperature (RT) and wear-tested at room temperature have been shown to have coefficients of friction of 0.04 or less which are comparable to WS2 films, but have much longer wear lives. In the as-deposited state, PLD ZnO-WS2 films are amorphous, but when wear-tested, the phases WS2, WO3, and ZnWO4 are produced. Of these, WS2 is a lubricant phase at low temperatures (⪯ ~450°C) while ZnWO4 is a lubricant phase above about 600°C. The purpose of this work was to characterize the microstructural and chemical changes that occur when the RT-PLD ZnO-WS2 films are heated in air.The RT-PLD ZnO-WS2 films were deposited in a system having a base pressure of 9×l0-7 Pa with a typical pressure during deposition of 6×10-5 Pa.

scholarly journals Short-period fluctuations in the numbers of bacterial cells in soil

1936 ◽  
Vol 119 (814) ◽  
pp. 269-295 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Initial Decrease ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Different Parts

Seasonal changes in the numbers of micro-organisms in fresh soil were first reported at the beginning of the present century; their existence has since been confirmed by workers in many different parts of the world. (For references, see below .) More recently, short-period fluctuations in bacterial numbers were found to exist. Such fluctuations were found in plate counts from daily samples of field soil by Cutler, Crump, and Sandon (1922) and from 2-hourly samples by Thornton and Gray (1930). Periodic determinations of bacterial numbers in soils other than those taken from natural conditions have been few in number and have usually been made as checks on work of some other nature. In earlier work of Russell and Hutchinson (1909), soil incubated at room temperature showed fluctuations in microbial content over such a short interval as 8 hours and over as long a period as 60 days. In their later work, Russell and Hutchinson (1913) working with three soils of different moisture contents, dry, moist, and saturated, incubated at constant temperature, found changes in numbers between samples taken at from 5- to 8-day intervals. Such changes in numbers were not related to temperature, nor necessarily to moisture changes. A more intensive study was made by Allison (1917). He brought soil samples into the laboratory and made bacterial and fungal counts at short intervals of time. Samples taken during the winter showed a drop in numbers of as much as 40% during the first 1½ hours’ storage, followed by a large rise after some hours; in summer the initial decrease was less pronounced, this being attributed to the fact that at that season outdoor temperatures more nearly approached indoor temperatures. Cutler and Dixon (1927) found that, with soil stored at laboratory temperatures in deep narrow bottles, bacterial numbers decreased steadily over a period of 5 weeks. In soil stored in pots with a large surface area, fluctuations in bacterial numbers of as much as 100% were obtained from week to week, and the soil in general behaved as fresh soil.

scholarly journals New Ecological Solutions Involved in the Cleaning of a 19th Century Icon

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1175
Author(s):  
Tudor Cosmin Iurcovschi ◽  
Viorica Vasilache ◽  
Ion Sandu ◽  
Marius Zaharia ◽  
Olga Pintilie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Licorice Root ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
New System ◽  
Made In

Cleaning of old icons requires special attention to selecting the processes and systems compatible with the chemical nature and adhesions of the deposits, to not affect the polychrome layer or their conservation status. The study was carried out on a 19th century icon made in fat tempera, on a thin layer of preparation that presents fouling. The cleaning was done using extracts obtained from sage, St. John’s Wort, and, respectively, licorice root teas obtained through different extraction processes: microwave, ultrasound, boiling, and room temperature, respectively. The washing capacity of the new system used was analyzed by analytical methods of assessing the cleaning degree: UV-Vis reflection, reflective colorimetry type CIE L*a*b*, co-assisted with optical microscopy and scanning electrone microscopy (SEM-EDX).

Photon-Induced Adhesion and Chemical Changes in Aluminium Films on Silicon.

1986 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Kellock ◽  
J. Liesegang ◽  
G. L. Nyberg ◽  
J. S. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Interface Reaction ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Photon Irradiation ◽  
Film Adhesion ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Before And After

AbstractIn the present study, thin layers of Al (<500 Å), deposited on Si under varying vacuum and substrate-cleaning conditions, have been irradiated with various wavelength photons. The films and interfacial oxide layers have been analysed with Rutherford backscattering and channeling (RBS-C), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques both before and after irradiation. Results indicate that substantial oxygen uptake, indiffusion and interface reaction can take place in some thin Al films during photon irradiation at room temperature. Such photon-induced chemical changes correlate with an increase in film adhesion.

THE MECHANISM OF THE PHOTOOXIDATION OF ACETALDEHYDE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1671-1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack G. Calvert ◽  
Philip L. Hanst
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Peroxyacetic Acid

The initial rates of product formation in the photooxidation of acetaldehyde at room temperature have been determined through the use of infrared spectrometry. The rates of formation of the products peroxyacetic acid, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methanol, formic acid, and acetic acid were determined in experiments with various pressures of acetaldehyde, oxygen, and added gases. The amounts of methylhydroperoxide and acetylperoxide formed in all of the experiments were below the detection limit of the analytical methods. The results require that some modification and corrections be made to the mechanism suggested by McDowell and Sharples.

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