The Distribution of Vitamin B12-Active Substances in some Marine Invertebrates of British Columbia

1952 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Microbiological Assay ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Its Phylogeny ◽  
Definite Relationship ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Assay Technique

Quantitative estimation of the amounts of vitamin B12-active substances in some marine invertebrates was made using a microbiological assay technique. In general, species from phylum Mollusca were found to be richer in these substances than were species from phyla Echinodermata and Annelida and class Crustacea. No definite relationship was found to exist between the content of vitamin B12-active substances in an animal and its phylogeny.

MICROBIOLOGICAL FORMATION OF VITAMIN B12: II. SYNTHESIS OF VITAMIN B12-ACTIVE SUBSTANCES BY BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM CLAMS

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Southcott ◽  
H. L. A. Tarr
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Washed Cell ◽  
Active Substances

Vitamin B122occurred in certain seaweeds and this vitamin and other cobalamins were demonstrated regularly in marine invertebrates. A Bacillus and a Micrococcus isolated from fresh clams were selected for detailed study on the basis of their pronounced ability to form cobalamins, and because they appeared to be typical of the bacterial flora of these invertebrates. The Bacillus formed vitamin B12and other cobalamins, and this activity was stimulated by addition of Factor B and of certain purines or benziminazoles to the medium. With both organisms, 6-nitrobenziminazole proved particularly effective in stimulating formation of both vitamin B12and of other cobalamins, and Factor B stimulated this activity. Formation of cobalamins was associated with a marked decrease in Factor B. The cobalamins were associated with the bacterial cells, and no cobalamin synthesis by washed cell suspensions in phosphate buffer was observed.

THE CONSTITUENTS OF COD LIVER WITH VITAMIN B12 ACTIVITY FOR LACTOBACILLUS LEICHMANNII

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196
Author(s):  
Beryl Truscott ◽  
P. L. Hoogland
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Microbiological Assay ◽  
Countercurrent Distribution ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Partition Chromatography ◽  
Total Vitamin ◽  
Beef Liver ◽  
Fractionation Procedure ◽  
Lactobacillus Leichmannii

The identity of the compounds that together form the total microbiological vitamin B12 activity of cod-liver residue was determined by a fractionation procedure involving ion exchange, countercurrent distribution, partition chromatography, and microbiological assay. The presence of cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, and the desoxyribosides of thymine, uracil, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and guanine was demonstrated. The total vitamin B12 activity, as determined by microbiological assay with Lactobacillus leichmannii, and its distribution in cod-liver residue, were very similar to those of beef liver. Cod-liver residues may be used to replace beef liver in vitamin B12 preparations.

The Vitamin B12 Content of Certain Fishery Materials

1953 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Southcott ◽  
H. L. A. Tarr
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Microbiological Assay ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Hexane Extraction ◽  
Clupea Pallasi ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
Lactobacillus Leichmannii

Irregularities occurring in the microbiological assay of herring (Clupea pallasi) materials for vitamin B12 (cobalamin) are described and the probable reasons for the differences discussed. With the employment of a Lactobacillus leichmannii assay procedure and conditions under which vitamin B12 (cyano-cobalamin) and vitamin B13a (hydroxo-cobalamin) caused identical growth response, it was found that normal commercial flame-dried herring meals had about the same total cobalamin content as specially prepared meals dried at 38° to 43.5 °C. Chromatographic separation, elution and assay of the cobalamins in herring-meal samples indicated that substantially all of the activity found by direct assays of the meals was due to the vitamin itself. Hexane extraction had little effect on the cobalamin content, but heating the meals reduced it.

The Seasonal Cycle of Vitamin B12 in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Allen Cattell
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Inorganic Nutrient ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

The seasonal cycle of vitamin B12 in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, was studied over a 17-month period. The temporal and spatial distribution of this vitamin was found to be more complex than that of nitrate and phosphate in the Strait and B12 reported for other areas.The vitamin data are compared with inorganic nutrient distributions and physical characteristics of the Strait of Georgia to support the hypothesis that the observed heterogeneity of B12 is largely the result of vitamin–particulate matter interactions.

THE CONSTITUENTS OF COD LIVER WITH VITAMIN B12 ACTIVITY FOR LACTOBACILLUS LEICHMANNII

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-196
Author(s):  
Beryl Truscott ◽  
P. L. Hoogland
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Microbiological Assay ◽  
Countercurrent Distribution ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Partition Chromatography ◽  
Total Vitamin ◽  
Beef Liver ◽  
Fractionation Procedure ◽  
Lactobacillus Leichmannii

The identity of the compounds that together form the total microbiological vitamin B12 activity of cod-liver residue was determined by a fractionation procedure involving ion exchange, countercurrent distribution, partition chromatography, and microbiological assay. The presence of cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, and the desoxyribosides of thymine, uracil, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and guanine was demonstrated. The total vitamin B12 activity, as determined by microbiological assay with Lactobacillus leichmannii, and its distribution in cod-liver residue, were very similar to those of beef liver. Cod-liver residues may be used to replace beef liver in vitamin B12 preparations.

scholarly journals Some observations on the vitamin B12 content of rat's milk

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Williams ◽  
G. H. Spray
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Microbiological Assay ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Synthetic Diet ◽  
Stage Of Lactation

1. Vitamin B12 activity in the milk of rats on various diets was measured by microbiological assay at intervals throughout lactation. The concentration of sodium and calcium in the milk was also determined.2. At all stages of lactation the milk of rats fed on commercial rat cake contained much more vitamin B12 activity than that of rats receiving a semi-synthetic diet containing at least as much vitamin B12 as the rat cake. The milk of the latter group of animals contained more vitamin B12 than that from rats fed on the same diet without added cyanocobalamin. The levels of sodium and calcium were much less variable than those of vitamin B12 and the changes did not appear to be related to differences in diet, stage of lactation or litter size.

scholarly journals A method for the measurement of vitamin B12 concentration in sea water

1958 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Daisley
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Microbiological Assay ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Pass Through

The vitamin B12 concentration in sea water is so very low that only the most sensitive microbiological assay techniques are likely to be capable of measuring it, but the salt concentration is so high as to be inhibitory to most of the organisms conventionally used for the microbiological assay of the vitamin. Nevertheless, the consideration that vitamin B12 concentration may have an influence on the amounts and types of life present in sea areas has persuaded several investigators to attempt its measurement.The methods so far employed have each their own advantages and dis-advantages (Droop, 1954, 1955; Lewin, 1954; Sweeney, 1954; Cowey, 1956; Adair & Vishniac, 1958). The method to be described here offers advantages in sensitivity, permitting direct measurement of the vitamin in small quantities of oceanic waters after further dilution; samples to be measured pass through comparatively few different containers and thus there is less risk of their accumulating adventitious vitamin; simple and easily cleaned apparatus is used, and much less bench-work is involved than when methods other than dilution are used for lowering the salt concentration.

scholarly journals Molecularly imprinted membrane for transport of urea, creatinine, and vitamin B12 as a hemodialysis candidate membrane

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 806-817
Author(s):  
Muhammad Cholid Djunaidi ◽  
Nabilah Anindita Febriola ◽  
Abdul Haris
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Selective Transport ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Membrane ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Imprinted Membrane

Abstract High levels of urea and creatinine in the blood are a sign of decreased kidney function. To remove these substances from the blood, hemodialysis which utilizes membranes could be used. In this study, a molecularly imprinted membrane (MIM) was synthesized for the selective transport of urea. The synthesis is initiated with the polymerization of eugenol into polyeugenol and then into polyeugenoxy acetate (PA). The PA is then contacted with urea and then used as the functional polymer in the synthesis of MIM with polysulfone as the membrane base, and polyethylene glycol as the cross-linking agent. The result was later analyzed with FTIR and SEM-EDX. The membrane is then used in the transport of urea, creatinine, and vitamin B12 and then compared with the non-imprinted membrane (NIM) performance. By using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, the results showed that the membrane with 10 h heating variation is able to transport more urea and is more selective than NIM; this proves that the urea template on the MIM enables it to recognize urea molecules better than creatinine and vitamin B12. The order of transport from the best results is urea > creatinine > vitamin B12.

Röntgenspektroskopische Bestimmung der Wertigkeit des Kobalts im Vitamin B12

1954 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 509-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Boehm ◽  
A. Faessler ◽  
G. Rittmayer
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Vitamin B

Mit einem fokussierenden Spektrographen großer Dispersion wird die Lage der K-Röntgen-absorptionskante des Kobalts in verschiedenen Verbindungen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß es möglich ist, durch Bestimmung der Kantenlage die Wertigkeit des Kobalts in einer Verbindung zu bestimmen. Die Methode gestattet den eindeutigen Nachweis, daß das Kobalt im Vitamin B12 dreiwertig ist.

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