Local Differences in the Body Proportions of the Lobster, Homarus americanus

1935 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Templeman
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Proportions ◽  
Sexually Mature

The claws of males and the width and depth of abdomen of females increase at a higher rate than body length with approaching sexual maturity. Consequently for lobsters over 20 cm. in length males possess claws relatively larger and females an abdomen relatively wider and deeper in an area such as that near Pointe du Chêne where sexual maturity occurs at about 20 cm. than in that near Grand Manan where lobsters only become sexually mature at about 34 cm.

Does salinity affect body proportions and “size/mass” ratios of highly halotolerant Baeotendipes noctivagus larvae (Diptera, Chironomidae)?

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nickolai V. Shadrin ◽  
Victor P. Belyakov ◽  
Alexandra I. Bazhora ◽  
Elena V. Anufriieva
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Parabolic Equations ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Generalized Equations ◽  
Body Proportions ◽  
Chironomid Larvae ◽  
Mass Ratios ◽  
Length Width

Abstract Measuring the linear characteristics of chironomid larvae is easier and faster than measuring their mass. The relationships between them are approximated by parabolic equations. Generalized equations are provided for all chironomid larvae. However, these relations vary in different water bodies. Measurements of 1424 chironomid larvae representing several species were taken in Crimean waters with salinity ranging from 0 to 280 PSU. There was a high correlation between three traits. In the case of Baeotendipes noctivagus and Cricotopus gr. sylvestris, dimorphism was found in the “head capsule length– width” relationship. Salinity affects the head capsule. The exponent “b” varied from 1.43 to 3.06 in the “body length-mass” equation for B. noctivagus, and from 1.943 to 2.592 for C. gr. sylvestris. It is inappropriate to use only one coefficient “b” for all chironomid larvae. In B. noctivagus and Paratanytarsus confuses, the mass of one-size larvae decreased with increasing salinity. Salinity is not the only factor affecting the size and mass of chironomid larvae.

scholarly journals Population structure of the lancelet Branchiostoma caribaeum (Cephalochordata: Branchiostomidae) in the Baía de Guanabara, Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis F. B. da Silva ◽  
Marcos Tavares ◽  
Abilio Soares-Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Body Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Guanabara Bay ◽  
Sampling Area ◽  
Great Availability ◽  
Sexually Mature

Population structure of the lancelet Branchiostoma caribaeum Sandevall, 1853 was studied in four surveys, corresponding to austral seasons, in a tropical bay, southeast of Brazil. Abundance was higher in the spring and was positively correlated to coarse sediments, limiting its occurrence to some sectors of the sampling area. Body length and biomass differed seasonally but not between sexes. Sexually mature individuals occurred in all seasons, suggesting continuous breeding that is typical of tropical species. Variation in the frequency of small specimens indicates temporal differences in the intensity of breeding. The body length of recruits differed from other population of lancelets and the small length which B. caribaeum attained sexual maturity in Guanabara Bay may be related to local environmental stress or the great availability of food.

Allometric growth in three species of digenetic trematodes of marine fishes from Belize

1978 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob H. Fischthal
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Body Proportions ◽  
Body Width ◽  
Body Proportion ◽  
Digenetic Trematodes ◽  
Positive Growth

ABSTRACTAllometric growth of body proportions and organs is determined for three species of digenetic trematodes of marine fishes from Belize: Apocreadium mexicanum Manter, 1937 (Apocreadiidae), Pseudocreadium lamelliforme (Linton. 1907) Manter, 1946 (Lepocreadiidae), Paracryptogonimus americanus Manter, 1940 (Cryptogonimidae). These are compared with three other species in which allometric growth has been studied. In all species only the hindbody shows positive growth, whereas the forebody, suckers, and pharynx are consistently negative. The body width, posttesticular body, testes, and ovary are positive in some species and negative in others. In some instances the body proportion or organ is growing at the same rate as the body length.

Croissance, nutrition et reproduction des ouaouarons Rana catesbeiana Shaw (Amphibia Anura) des Laurentides au nord de Montréal

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Bruneau ◽  
Etienne Magnin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Rana Catesbeiana ◽  
The Body ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Length Growth ◽  
Mating Calls ◽  
The Individual

About 2600 bullfrogs have been captured in three small lakes of the Laurentian region and 1863 among them have been marked and released. The study of the body length growth has been made by three methods (age lecture on pterygoïds, body length histograms, mark–recapture), which give concordant results: 59 mm at 1 year, 81 mm at 2 years, 108 mm at 3 years, 125 mm at 4 years, 137 mm at 5 years, 143 mm at 6 years. The biggest, measuring 162 mm, might have been 8 or 9 years old. The growth rate is the most important between 2 and 3 years, when bullfrogs reach sexual maturity. The body weight is 18 g at 1 year and 40 g at 2 years. At 3 years, the females weigh 101 g and the males 96 g. and at 5 years, the weights are respectively 215 and 194 g. Bullfrogs between 45 and 65 mm eat mostly in sects and the biggest ones eat mostly frogs, tadpoles, fish, and crayfish. The mating calls were heard by the end of May and the spawning occurs between the 20th of June and the 10th of July. The number of eggs (3 826 to 23 540) depends on the size of the individual. Sexual maturity is generally reached at 3 years when bullfrogs measure between 95 and 110 mm. However, some individuals reach sexual maturity at 2 years and some others at 4 years. Our results were compared with those of the literature.

Puberty, Physical Maturity, and Relative Growth of the Female Humpback Whale, Megaptera nodosa (Bonnaterre), on the Western Australian Coast

1955 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Chittleborough
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Humpback Whale ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Western Australian

At puberty the mean body length of the female humpback whales on the Western Australian coast is 38.60 � 0.18 ft. It is demonstrated that this length gives a reliable means of calculating the proportion of sexually immature females in a series where the lengths are known. Sexual maturity (based upon the first pregnancy) may either follow immediately upon puberty or be delayed for a further year. At the approach of physical maturity (when epiphysial fusion begins) the mean body length is 45.08 � 0.29 ft. At this stage an average of 19 ovulations have occurred. On the available material, physical maturity is reached at a mean length of 44.34 � 0.72 ft, when close to 30 ovulations have occurred. Growth in body length of sexually mature females becomes very slow even before epiphysial fusion begins. The significance of the high number of ovulations before the attainment of physical maturity is discussed. The proportion of physically mature individuals amongst the females in recent catches off the Western Australian coast is extremely low (1.8 per cent. of 457 females examined). The lengths of male and female humpback whales at puberty, at the approach of physical maturity, and at physical maturity are compared.

Growth and age at sexual maturity in common toads (Bufo bufo) from two sites in Southern England

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Reading
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Bufo Bufo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Southern England ◽  
Total Growth ◽  
First Time ◽  
Toad Bufo ◽  
Toad Bufo Bufo

Growth and age at sexual maturity in the common toad, Bufo bufo, were investigated at two sites (Portland, Purbeck) in southern England between 1981 and 1985. The body length of males and females spawning for the first time (sexual age = 0) at these sites varied significantly between years, but this variation disappeared in females with a sexual age greater than 0. Male and female toads breeding for the first time at the Purbeck site were both larger and had higher growth rates than those on Portland. No reliable growth rates were obtained for females with a sexual age greater than 0 at either site. Growth was most rapid in males during the first two years following metamorphosis when 56% (Portland) and 71 % (Purbeck) of the total growth in body length occurred. The body length of newly metamorphosed toads at both sites was approximately 8 mm but increased by mid September to 14 mm on Portland and 19 mm at the Purbeck site. The earliest age at which sexual maturity was reached was 3 years for Portland males and 2 years for Purbeck males. No reliable estimates for the age at sexual maturity were obtained for females.

Local Differences in the Life History of the Lobster (Homarus americanus) on the Coast of the Maritime Provinces of Canada

1936 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Templeman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Summer Temperature ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Commercial Catch ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sexually Mature

The hatching and moulting of the lobster are earlier in waters with a high than in those with a lower summer temperature. Moulting is about one week later for each degree lower summer temperature. In such high temperature areas as Malpeque bay two moultings occur during the year in most lobsters between 14 and 22 cm. in length. In the whole southern gulf of St. Lawrence area female lobsters as small as 18 to 21 cm. in length may carry eggs, while in the Grand Manan area with a summer temperature 5 to 8 °C. lower, the smallest sexually mature females are about 34 cm. in length. The growth per moult of the female lobster falls considerably below that of the male when sexual maturity approaches, thus in the southern gulf of St. Lawrence the female growth rate slows down rapidly after 18 to 21 cm. and in southern Nova Scotia at about 30 cm. In the southern gulf area at small sizes more males than females appear in the commercial catch, at larger sizes more females and at very large sizes nearly all the lobsters caught are males. Average sizes of lobsters in the commercial catch are considerably smaller in the southern gulf area than in southern Nova Scotia and at Grand Manan.

scholarly journals Digital 3D models of theropods for approaching body-mass distribution and volume

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matías Reolid ◽  
Francisco J. Cardenal ◽  
Jesús Reolid
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
3D Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Skull Length ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Fossil Bones ◽  
Primitive Forms

AbstractThe aim of this work is to obtain diverse morphometric data from digitized 3D models of scientifically accurate palaeoreconstructions of theropods from eight representative families. The analysed polyvinyl chloride (PVC) models belong to the genera Coelophysis, Dilophosaurus, Ceratosaurus, Allosaurus, Baryonyx, Carnotaurus, Giganotosaurus, and Tyrannosaurus. The scanned 3D models were scaled considering different body-size estimations of the literature. The 3D analysis of these genera provides information on the skull length and body length that allows for recognition of major evolutionary trends. The skull length/body length in the studied genera increases according with the size of the body from the smallest Coelophysis with a ratio of 0.093 to ratios of 0.119–0.120 for Tyrannosaurus and Giganotosaurus, the largest study theropods. The study of photogrammetric 3D models also provides morphometric information that cannot be obtained from the study of bones alone, but knowing that all reconstructions begin from the fossil bones, such as the surface/volume ratio (S/V). For the studied theropod genera surface/volume ratio ranges from 35.21 for Coelophysis to 5.55 for Tyrannosaurus. This parameter, closely related to the heat dissipation, help in the characterization of the metabolism of extinct taxa. Accordingly, slender primitive forms of the Early Jurassic (i.e. Coelophysis and Dilophosaurus) had relatively smaller skulls and higher mass-specific metabolic rates than the robust large theropods of the Cretaceous (i.e. Giganotosaurus and Tyrannosaurus). This work presents a technique that, when applied to proper dinosaur models, provides extent and accurate data that may help in diverse study areas within the dinosaur palaeontology and palaeobiology.

The philometrid nematodePhilometroides acreanensis n. sp. from the stomach wall of the catfishPimelodus blochiiin north-western Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.H.O. Cavalcante ◽  
F. Moravec ◽  
C.P. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stomach Wall ◽  
Amazon River ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
South American

AbstractA new nematode species,Philometroides acreanensisn. sp. (Philometridae), is described from female specimens recovered from the stomach wall of the freshwater catfishPimelodus blochiiValenciennes (Pimelodidae) collected in the Acre River (Amazon River basin), Acre State, Brazil. Based on examination by light and scanning electron microscopy, the new species differs from the two other South American congeneric species mainly in the body length of the gravid female (240–280 mm), the length of the oesophagus (1.25 mm in holotype) representing 0.5% of the entire body length, the range of cuticular embossment, as well as the location in the host (stomach), order of the fish host (Siluriformes) and the geographical distribution (Amazon River drainage system). This is the third known species ofPhilometroidesYamaguti, 1935 reported from South America. A key to species ofPhilometroidesoccurring in the fish of America is provided.

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