BIOLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS IN HUDSON BAY. 8. THE COREGONINE FISHES OF HUDSON AND JAMES BAYS

1933 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. DYMOND
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Saginaw Bay ◽  
Oceanographic Conditions

Specimens of Coregonus clupeaformis, Prosopium quadrilaterale and Leucichthys artedi from Hudson and James bays are quite similar to specimens of the same species from the Great Lakes; Prosopium shows the most divergence.Coregonus does not grow as large in salt water as in fresh water lakes of the same latitude; its rate of growth is more rapid than that of whitefish in lake Nipigon, but slower than in lake Ontario; spawning fish are usually at least seven years old.For the first two or three years Leucichthys grows more slowly, but later more rapidly than in lake Ontario or Saginaw bay, lake Michigan; it also reaches a larger size than is usual in the Great Lakes; sexual maturity is probably not attained until at least the fourth year.

BIOLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS IN HUDSON BAY: I. HUDSON BAY AND THE DETERMINATION OF FISHERIES

1931 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. HUNTSMAN
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Arctic Water ◽  
Oceanographic Conditions

The waters of Hudson bay, though potentially rich, do not present suitable conditions for the development of fisheries of any magnitude. Fresh water from an extensive drainage basin mixes only superficially with the salt water, so that the bay has an estuarial character, apart from the somewhat barren deeper arctic water, with the fisheries largely those of the rivers emptying into it.

BIOLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS IN HUDSON BAY: 6. THE GENERAL HYDROGRAPHY AND HYDRODYNAMICS OF THE WATERS OF THE HUDSON BAY REGION

1932 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. HACHEY
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Open Ocean ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
James Bay ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Hydrographic Conditions ◽  
The Many ◽  
Oceanographic Conditions

The waters of Hudson bay differ markedly from the waters of Hudson strait and the waters of the open ocean. Intense stratification in the upper twenty-five metres, decreasing as the waters of the open ocean are approached, gives Hudson bay the character of a large estuary. Below fifty metres the waters are for all purposes dynamically dead, thus resulting in a cold saline body of water which probably undergoes very little change from season to season. The movements of the waters at various levels are dealt with to show that the inflow of waters from Fox channel and the many fresh-water drainage areas control the hydrographic conditions as found. The main water movement is from the James bay area to Hudson strait and thence to the open ocean.

Phosphorus Enrichment, Silica Utilization, and Biogeochemical Silica Depletion in the Great Lakes

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire L. Schelske ◽  
Eugene F. Stoermer ◽  
Gary L. Fahnenstiel ◽  
Mark Haibach
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Thermal Stratification ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Phosphorus Enrichment

Our hypothesis that silica (Si) depletion in Lake Michigan and the severe Si depletion that characterizes the lower Great Lakes were induced by increased phosphorus (P) inputs was supported by bioassay experiments showing increased Si uptake by diatoms with relatively small P enrichments. We propose that severe Si depletion (Si concentrations being reduced to ≤0.39 mg SiO2∙L−1 prior to thermal stratification) results when P levels are increased to the extent that increased diatom production reduces Si concentrations to limiting levels during the thermally mixed period. Large P enrichments such as those that characterized the eastern and central basis of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario in the early 1970s are necessary to produce severe Si depletion. It is clear that severe Si depletion in the lower lakes was produced by P enrichment because inflowing waters from Lake Huron have smaller P concentrations and larger Si concentrations than the outflowing waters of either Lake Erie or Lake Ontario. Severe Si depletion probably began in the 1940s or 1950s as the result of increased P loads from expanded sewering of an increasing urban population and the introduction of phosphate detergents. The model proposed for biogeochemical Si depletion is consistent with previous findings of high rates of internal recycling because, under steady-state conditions for Si inputs, any increase in diatom production will produce an increase in permanent sedimentation of biogenic Si provided some fraction of the increased biogenic Si production is not recycled or unless there is a compensating increase in dissolution of diatoms.

scholarly journals HINDCAST WAVE STATISTICS FOR THE GREAT LAKES

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Thorndike Saville, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Lake Level ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Beach Erosion ◽  
Wave Statistics ◽  
Local Problems ◽  
Existing Data

The General Investigations program of the Beach Erosion Board comprises investigations, regional rather than local in scope, designed to improve, simplify, and expedite the solution of local problems, by giving a compilation of all existing data pertinent to shore processes in the particular region. As a first step in the compilation of these data, a study of wave and lake level conditions on the Great Lakes is being made. The results of such studies for Lake Michigan, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario have recently been completed and published as Technical Memorandums of the Beach Erosion Board (Saville, 1953).

scholarly journals EROSION ALONG THE ILLINOIS SHORE OF LAKE MICHIGAN

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Casey
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
State Level ◽  
Coastal Engineering ◽  
The State ◽  
Beach Erosion ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
Shore Line ◽  
The Many

In the consideration of problems of coastal engineering in general, and of shore and beach erosion in particular, one is quite naturally apt to immediately focus attention upon our ocean shores to the exclusion of inland areas. Many are perhaps not appreciative of the fact that the five inland fresh-water lakes comprising the Great Lakes system are bordered by eight states having a combined length of shore line of approximately 3,000 miles. (See Fig. 1) Only in recent years has there been a general awakening of interest in the many and varied problems of erosion which occur along these inland coasts. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the problems existing on the Illinois shore and to outline the steps which have been taken at the State level in seeking a solution to those problems.

Spatial and temporal variation of maturation schedules of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in the Great Lakes

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2157-2169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Yu Wang ◽  
Tomas O. Höök ◽  
Mark P. Ebener ◽  
Lloyd C. Mohr ◽  
Philip J. Schneeberger
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Ecosystem Changes ◽  
Plastic Responses

Fish maturation schedules vary greatly among systems and over time, reflecting both plastic and adaptive responses to ecosystem structure, physical habitats, and mortality (natural and fishing). We examined maturation schedules of commercially exploited lake whitefish ( Coregonus clupeaformis ) in the Laurentian Great Lakes (Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Superior) by estimating ages and lengths at 50% maturity, age-specific maturity ogives (age-specific probability of being mature), and probabilistic maturation reaction norms (PMRNs; a metric that accounts for effects of growth and mortality). Collectively, these estimates indicated variation in maturation schedules between sexes (i.e., males tend to mature at younger ages and shorter lengths than females) and among systems (midpoint estimates of PMRNs were smallest for Lake Michigan fish, intermediate for fish in the main basin of Lake Huron, and largest for fish in Lake Huron’s Georgian Bay and Lake Superior). Temporally, recent increases in age at 50% maturity in Lakes Huron and Michigan may primarily reflect plastic responses to decreased growth rates associated with ecosystem changes (e.g., declines of the native amphipod, Diporeia spp.). As plastic and adaptive changes in maturation schedules of fish stocks may occur simultaneously and require different management considerations, we recommend the concomitant analysis of multiple maturation indices.

BIOLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS IN HUDSON BAY 9. FISHES FROM THE HUDSON BAY REGION (EXCEPT THE COREGONIDAE)

1933 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
VADIM D. VLADYKOV
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific ◽  
Oceanographic Conditions

The present study is based on examination of six collections of fishes (about 4000 specimens) from the Hudson bay region made between 1919 and 1930. The material consisted of 45 different forms, belonging to 42 species, 34 genera and 17 families.No endemic species are known from this area. The following subspecies are described as new: Ammodytes dubius hudsonius, Gymnocanthus tricuspis hudsonius and Lycodes reticulatus hacheyi.Sixteen fresh-water and brackish-water forms collected in the Hudson bay area are the same as those that occur in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence regions.Twenty-eight marine species are known from the region under consideration; the majority of them (22) are truly arctic forms.Two species (Gymnocanthus galeatus and Liparis cyclostigma) previously known only from the north Pacific and Bering sea are found in Hudson bay.The most important commercial fishes are principally anadromous and rarely marine.

scholarly journals How Many Ciscoes are Needed for Stocking in the Laurentian Great Lakes?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Rook ◽  
Michael J. Hansen ◽  
Charles R. Bronte
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Laurentian Great Lakes ◽  
Saginaw Bay ◽  
Thunder Bay ◽  
Western Lake ◽  
Coregonus Artedi

Historically, Cisco Coregonus artedi and deepwater ciscoes Coregonus spp. were the most abundant and ecologically important fish species in the Laurentian Great Lakes, but anthropogenic influences caused nearly all populations to collapse by the 1970s. Fishery managers have begun exploring the feasibility of restoring populations throughout the basin, but questions regarding hatchery propagation and stocking remain. We used historical and contemporary stock-recruit parameters previously estimated for Ciscoes in Wisconsin waters of Lake Superior, with estimates of age-1 Cisco rearing habitat (broadly defined as total ha ≤ 80 m depth) and natural mortality, to estimate how many fry (5.5 months post-hatch), fall fingerling (7.5 months post-hatch), and age-1 (at least 12 months post-hatch) hatchery-reared Ciscoes are needed for stocking in the Great Lakes to mimic recruitment rates in Lake Superior, a lake that has undergone some recovery. Estimated stocking densities suggested that basin-wide stocking would require at least 0.641-billion fry, 0.469-billion fall fingerlings, or 0.343-billion age-1 fish for a simultaneous restoration effort targeting historically important Cisco spawning and rearing areas in Lakes Huron, Michigan, Erie, Ontario, and Saint Clair. Numbers required for basin-wide stocking were considerably greater than current or planned coregonine production capacity, thus simultaneous stocking in the Great Lakes is likely not feasible. Provided current habitat conditions do not preclude Cisco restoration, managers could maximize the effectiveness of available production capacity by concentrating stocking efforts in historically important spawning and rearing areas, similar to the current stocking effort in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. Other historically important Cisco spawning and rearing areas within each lake (listed in no particular order) include: (1) Thunder Bay in Lake Huron, (2) Green Bay in Lake Michigan, (3) the islands near Sandusky, Ohio, in western Lake Erie, and (4) the area near Hamilton, Ontario, and Bay of Quinte in Lake Ontario. Our study focused entirely on Ciscoes but may provide a framework for describing future stocking needs for deepwater ciscoes.

scholarly journals Studies of the food of Fresh Water Fishes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-8) ◽  
pp. 433-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Single Species ◽  
The State ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
River Systems

The cod family is represented in Illinois by only a single species, the burbot (Lota maculosa), occurring in the interior of Lake Michigan, and making its way at irregular intervals to the shallow waters within the reach of ordinary fishing operations. Since the opening of canals between the Great Lakes and the river systems of the State, occasional specimens have been taken in the Illinois and Mississippi. Its predaceous character is too well known to make special description of its alimentary structures necessary. It is reported by Mr. G. Brown Goode to feed upon various small fishes and Crustacea which frequent the bottom, devouring more particularly fishes with habits like its own. It is extremely voracious, with a wonderfully distensible stomach; and not only captures the most active fishes, such as the pike, but will eat carrion, and may even swallow stones. It is reported to be nocturnal in habit, and often to secure its prey by stealth.

Characterizing Lake Ontario Marine Renewable Energy Resources

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-37
Author(s):  
Deniz Velioglu Sogut ◽  
Robert E. Jensen ◽  
Ali Farhadzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Marine Renewable Energy ◽  
Level Data

AbstractLake Ontario, the smallest in surface area among the Great Lakes, is the last lake in the Great Lakes' hydrologic chain. In this study, Lake Ontario's marine renewable energy resources are characterized. The historical wave records reveal up to 8 m significant wave heights in Lake Ontario's eastern basin. Furthermore, the lake's historical water level data indicate that storm surges can get as large as 1 m near Port Weller and Burlington. The storms of November 13, 2003, and January 30, 2008, are estimated to produce a total theoretical potential energy of ~25 GWh. The lake-wide monthly mean wave power for the selected year 2011 is at its peak in October and November, exceeding 10 kW/m. On the other hand, it is estimated to be around 1 kW/m during late spring and summer. The present work is part of an extensive study attempting to characterize marine renewable energy resources for the entire Great Lakes and follows the recently published works on Lake Erie and Lake Michigan (Farhadzadeh et al., 2017; Velioglu Sogut et al., 2018). It is also the first study elaborating on the characterization of Lake Ontario's marine renewable energy resources.

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