THE INFLUENCE OF LOW TEMPERATURES ABOVE FREEZING UPON THE RATE OF AUTOLYTIC AND BACTERIAL DECOMPOSITION OF HADDOCK MUSCLE

1932 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-163
Author(s):  
ERNEST HESS
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Bacterial Growth Rate ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
Temperature Coefficients ◽  
Basic Nitrogen ◽  
Bacterial Decomposition ◽  
Crushed Ice ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

The influence of temperature upon autolytic and bacterial decomposition of haddock muscle within the range of 36 to 30° F. (+2.2 to −1.1 °C.) has been followed by determining the increase in the amount of volatile basic nitrogen parallel with the increase in the number of bacteria. A mixed flora of bacteria normally occurring on haddock was used for inoculation purposes. The experimental results show that practically no autolysis takes place at these temperatures, and that the bacterial decomposition and bacterial growth rate at 30° F. is only about half of that at 36° F. Expressed in mathematical terms, it was found that the temperature coefficients (Q10) for these reactions during the phases of logarithmic increase were considerably higher than the values for Q10 for ordinary life processes at medium temperatures (Q10 = 2 to 3, van't Hoff). The values for Q10 increased rapidly with decreasing temperature range. The practical application of these findings has been demonstrated to be of economical importance in the holding of fresh fish at 30° F. instead of the customary holding in crushed ice at about 36° F.

Some Notes on the Fusion of Life Assurance Funds

1966 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-252
Author(s):  
J. H. Kitton ◽  
J. M. Beattie
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Previous Knowledge ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
Life Assurance ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
Ultimate Control

The merger, a few years ago, of two large composite insurance company Groups brought together under one ultimate control three substantial life assurance funds each fully operative and transacting all types of ordinary life assurance and annuity business. Those three funds have now been fused together by the legal transfer of the life businesses of two of the companies in the Group to the parent company and, as this fusion seems to be the first of its kind which has been undertaken for many years, and certainly the first of such size in the life assurance history of Great Britain, it has been suggested that the operation is of sufficient interest to actuaries generally as to warrant the submission of a paper to a sessional meeting. We are, however, conscious of the fact that, whilst the operation may have added to our history as a practical application of the law and some of our principles, it has not added either to previous knowledge or to our technique. The law governing the operation has remained virtually unchanged since the comprehensive review of life company amalgamations by the late K. J. Britt in the paper he submitted to the Institute in April 1931 (J.I.A. 62, 276) and probably the whole of the technical aspects involved have been expounded by Redington in the masterful review of the principles of life office valuations which he submitted in April 1952 (J.I.A. 78, 286).

Concerning the spectra and solvation process of electrons in liquid butanols

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (17) ◽  
pp. 2305-2312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Okazaki ◽  
Gordon R. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Band ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectra ◽  
Isobutyl Alcohol ◽  
Temperature Coefficients ◽  
Spectral Changes ◽  
Electron Migration ◽  
Arrhenius Temperature ◽  
Short Times

The optical absorption spectra of electrons injected into the isomeric butanols settle into that of the equilibrium solvated state at rates that decrease in the order 1-butanol > isobutyl alcohol > 2-butanol at a given temperature. The relative rates reflect the dipolar reorientation times in the liquids. The Arrhenius temperature coefficients of the rates of spectral changes are ∼30 kJ/mol. The distribution of dipolar reorientation times overlaps that of geminate reaction times of the charges in an irradiated alcohol, so a significant fraction of the electrons undergoes geminate reaction before they are able to become fully solvated. At T < 200 K the fraction increases with decreasing temperature. The concurrence of the solvation process and geminate reaction implies that the former involves, at least in part, electron migration from shallower to deeper traps.There is an indication of structure in the absorption band at low temperatures and short times. The infrared peak converts to one with a maximum at ∼780 nm. The latter slides gradually into the shape of the spectrum of the equilibrium solvated state.For the spectra of the equilibrium solvated state, the energies at the absorption maxima are given by Eεmax (eV) = 3.10 − 0.0038T in isobutyl alcohol and 2.93 − 0.00447 in 2-butanol, between 170 and 300 K. The respective band widths at half heights are 1.53 ± 0.04 and 1.59 ± 0.04 eV, independent of temperature within an uncertainty of 1 meV/K.

Electronic properties of the actinide metals at low temperatures

1963 ◽  
Vol 276 (1367) ◽  
pp. 553-570 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Negative Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Negative Temperature ◽  
Al Alloys ◽  
Positive Temperature ◽  
Positive Coefficient ◽  
Disorder Effects ◽  
Temperature Coefficients ◽  
Spin Disorder

The electrical resistivity and thermoelectric power of thorium, uranium, neptunium and plutonium have been measured down to liquid-helium and liquid-hydrogen temperatures. The resistivities are relatively high, especially those of neptunium and plutonium, while all the thermoelectric powers show complicated temperature relations. The temperature dependence of the resistance of a-plutonium is abnormal, being characterized by a small negative temperature coefficient above 105 °K and a large positive coefficient below this temperature. Some plutonium rich d-Pu + Al alloys also show similar behaviour. An explanation in terms of spin-disorder effects seems most reasonable, and it is suggested that both a- and d-plutonium may be antiferromagnetic. The resistance—temperature curves of uranium and neptunium also are unusual in that the positive temperature coefficients decrease monotonically with rising temperature. Possible reasons for this have been discussed.

Comparative Viscometric Studies of Solutions of Crepe Rubber and of Buna

1938 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Philippoff
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Distribution Curve ◽  
Small Temperature ◽  
Flow Curves ◽  
Temperature Coefficients ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Measurements and their representation as flow curves of solutions of Buna-115 in tetrachloroethane give a means of obtaining an insight into the properties of Buna-115 in solution. By measurements of the viscosity as a function of temperature, it was proved that the temperature coefficient is similar in magnitude to that of natural rubber and that of polystyrene. A comparison of the flow curves of Buna, masticated rubber, pyroxylin, and Cellit leads to certain conclusions regarding the elasticity of colloids in solution and the role of the distribution curve. At low temperatures, i. e., below −40° C., both Buna and natural rubber show transformation points, which are manifest by increases in the otherwise very small temperature coefficients. The measurements reveal no property of natural rubber and of Buna which is peculiar to these two substances alone.

scholarly journals Temperature-Dependent Parasitic Relationship between Legionella pneumophila and a Free-Living Amoeba (Acanthamoeba castellanii)

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (14) ◽  
pp. 4585-4588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Ohno ◽  
Naoyuki Kato ◽  
Ryota Sakamoto ◽  
Soichiro Kimura ◽  
Keizo Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Acanthamoeba Castellanii ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Free Living Amoeba ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

ABSTRACT We analyzed the effects of temperature on the interaction of Legionella pneumophila with Acanthamoeba castellanii. At <20°C, overexpression of type 1 metacaspase, a stimulator of A. castellanii encystation, was associated with a reduced number of bacteria within amoeba. At low temperatures, A. castellanii seems to eliminate L. pneumophila by encystation and digestion.

Flavor Quality Changes of Turbot (Psetta maxima) Stored at -2 and 0°C

2020 ◽  
Vol 841 ◽  
pp. 317-321
Author(s):  
Hong Lei Zhao ◽  
Yi Ming Yin ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Yong Xia Xu ◽  
Xue Peng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Ice Storage ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Flavor Quality ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Basic Nitrogen ◽  
Psetta Maxima

The effect of super-chilling at -2°C compared with ice storage at 0°C on flavor quality changes of turbot (Psetta maxima) was investigated. Changes in total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), sensory attributes and volatile compounds were periodically examined for 20 days. Results demonstrated that super-chilling retarded the increases of TVB-N values and maintained better sensory quality compared to the ice storage. Additionally, GC-MS analysis showed super-chilling could more effectively maintain the characteristic volatiles responsible for fresh fish flavor and reduce the contents of putrid compounds such as TMA and acetic acid.

scholarly journals The Application Of Different Fresh Fish Handling Techniques On The Quality Of Raw Ingredients Of Producing Pindang Tongkol (Auxis thazard)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
I Gde Suranaya Pandit ◽  
I Wayan Parwata ◽  
I Wayan Sudiarta
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Tuna Fish ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Auxis Thazard ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The Village ◽  
Crushed Ice

Histamine poisoning can occur from consuming mackerel tuna fish that have undergone a process of decay. To avoid the process, the application of fresh mackerel tuna fish handling techniques required utilizing single factor completely randomized design. The treatment of fresh mackarel tuna fish handling techniques using room temperature as a treatment A.The applications of fresh mackarel tuna fish handling techniques with the addition of crushed ice (1: 4) as treatment B. The application of fresh mackarel tuna fish handling techniques with the addition of 10% salt as treatment C, as well as fish the applications of mackarel tuna fresh handling technicques with 50% B and 50% C as a treatment D. Transportation starts from the fish handling sites in Seraya village Karangasem towards the fish auction in the village of Kusamba Klungkung Bali for ±3 hours. Results of analysis of variance showed significant differences (P

scholarly journals Application of different Fresh Fish Handling Technique on the Quality of Raw Ingredients of Pindang Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pandit I Gde Suranaya
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Handling Technique ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Crushed Ice

Histamine toxicity can be occurred after consumsing decomposing fish (pindang). The community (fishermen) perform different handling techniques on raw materials of pindang to slow down the decomposition process. This research is aimed to know the influence of various techniques of handling fish on the quality of raw materials of pindang. This research used completely randomized design with single factor. This study compared various methods of fish handling commonly used by community (fisherman in Kusamba village) to maintain the quality of raw materials of pindang, such as: kept on room temperature (technique A), add 1 kilogram crushed ice for 4 kilogram fishes (technique B), add 10% salt (technique C), and combination of technique B and C (ice and fish combination 1:8 plus 5% salt as technique D). Diversity analysis show a significant influence of different techniques of fish handling on the quality of raw material of pindang (p value <0.05). Addition of crushed ice show the best quality result among fish handling technique with histamine levels 11.30 mgN%, moisture content 74.53%, TVB 20.19 mgN%, salt 0.32%, bacteria 13 x 101 colonies / g, and negative coliform. Organoleptic assessment for B techniques also show the best result with visibility score 8.0 (bright, strong, and thin scale), eye 7.7 (convex, slightly foggy cornea, slightly faint pupil), odor 7.8 (soft odor), and texture 7.8 (elastic).

scholarly journals Effect of Dry Storage on Bacterial Counts in Stems of Cut Rose Flowers

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1521-1522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter G. van Doorn ◽  
Yke de Witte
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Rosa Hybrida ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Dry Storage ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Cut Rose

The number of bacteria in the basal 5 cm of the stems of cut rose flowers (Rosa hybrida L. cv. Sonia) stored in water for 1 to 4 days was positively correlated with the number of bacteria in the water. Subsequent dry storage of the flowering rose stems resulted in an increase in the number of bacteria in the stems, similar to that occurring in stems that were held in water. Low temperatures during dry storage (SC) reduced the reproduction rate of bacteria in the stems. Use of aluminum sulfate (0.8 g-liter-`) during the rehydration period before dry storage limited the number of bacteria in the stems and prevented their subsequent increase during dry storage.

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