THE SPAWNING AND EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF THE WHITEFISH, COREGONUS CLUPEAFORMIS (MITCHILL), IN THE BAY OF QUINTE, ONTARIO

1931 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN LAWSON HART
Keyword(s):  
Early Life History ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
The Common ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Spawning Run ◽  
First Time

The spawning run of whitefish is described in respect to the details of the migration and sex ratio, age and size, and breeding characters of the fish. An investigation of the eggs in the spawning grounds by the use of a pump indicates that the proportion of eggs to be fertilized is high but that there is a high mortality during the development. Many whitefish eggs are eaten on the spawning grounds by the common perch (Perca flavescens). For the first time there is recorded the capture of a complete series of whitefish young of the year. Based on this material are descriptions of the stages of the young from twelve millimetre to eighty millimetre stages and the characters differentiating whitefish from cisco. The rate of growth of the fry is slow at first but is much accelerated in the latter part of May and until the end of July. The food from the first consists of Entomostraca, chiefly Bosmina, Daphnia and Cyclops. The first movement of the newly hatched fry is inshore close to the surface. Later they form schools and finally take to deeper water. Records of physical conditions in the habitat of young whitefish are recorded. Consideration of the food and other habits and the concentration of predaceous species where young whitefish are abnormally abundant leads to the recommendation that hatchery fry should be widely distributed in shallow water.

Burke and Wills

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Australia ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Scientific Legacy ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Scientific Exploration ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scientific Achievements

This book challenges the common assumption that little or nothing of scientific value was achieved during the Burke and Wills expedition. The Royal Society of Victoria initiated the Victorian Exploring Expedition as a serious scientific exploration of hitherto unexplored regions of inland and northern Australia. Members of the expedition were issued with detailed instructions on scientific measurements and observations to be carried out, covering about a dozen areas of science. The tragic ending of the expedition meant that most of the results of the scientific investigations were not reported or published. Burke and Wills: The Scientific Legacy of the Victorian Exploring Expedition rectifies this historic omission. It includes the original instructions as well as numerous paintings and drawings, documents the actual science undertaken as recorded in notebooks and diaries, and analyses the outcomes. It reveals for the first time the true extent and limits of the scientific achievements of both the Burke and Wills expedition and the various relief expeditions which followed. Importantly, this new book has led to a re-appraisal of the shortcomings and the successes of the journey. It will be a compelling read for all those interested in the history of exploration, science and natural history, as well as Australian history and heritage.

The Revolution in Freedoms of Press and Speech

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendell Bird
Keyword(s):  
First Amendment ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
Narrow Definition ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time

This book discusses the revolutionary broadening of concepts of freedoms of press and speech in Great Britain and in America during the quarter century before the First Amendment and Fox’s Libel Act. The conventional view of the history of freedoms of press and speech is that the common law since antiquity defined those freedoms narrowly. In that view, Sir William Blackstone in 1769, and Lord Chief Justice Mansfield in 1770, faithfully summarized that common law in giving very narrow definitions of those freedoms as mere liberty from prior restraint and not as liberty from punishment after printing or speaking (the political crimes of seditious libel and seditious speech). Today, that view continues to be held by neo-Blackstonians, and remains dominant or at least very influential among historians. Neo-Blackstonians claim that the Framers used freedom of press “in a Blackstonian sense to mean a guarantee against previous restraints” with no protection against “subsequent restraints” (punishment) of seditious expression. Neo-Blackstonians further claim that “[n]o other definition of freedom of the press by anyone anywhere in America before 1798” existed. This book, by contrast, concludes that a broad definition and understanding of freedoms of press and speech was the dominant context of the First Amendment and of Fox’s Libel Act. Its basis is hundreds of examples of a broad understanding of freedoms of press and speech, in both Britain and America, in the late eighteenth century. For example, a book published in London in 1760 by a Scottish lawyer, George Wallace, stated that it is tyranny “to restrain the freedom of speculative disquisitions,” and because “men have a right to think for themselves, and to publish their thoughts,” it is “monstrous … under the pretext of the authority of laws, which ought never to have been enacted … attempting to restrain the liberty of the press” (seditious libel law). This book also challenges the conventional view of Blackstone and the neo-Blackstonians. Blackstone and Mansfield did not find any definition in the common law, but instead selected the narrowest definition in popular essays from the prior seventy years. Blackstone misdescribed it as an accepted common law definition, which in fact did not exist, and a year later Mansfield inserted a similar definition into the common law for the first time. Both misdescribed that narrow definition and the unique rules for prosecuting sedition as ancient. They were leading a counter-revolution, cloaked as a summary of a narrow and ancient common law doctrine that was neither.

scholarly journals The accumulation of helium in geological time.—III

1910 ◽  
Vol 83 (562) ◽  
pp. 298-301 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Present Position ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Chemical Combination ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Solid Form ◽  
Active Change

The present instalment of my experiments on this subject refers to the minerals of igneous rocks. A word of preface is necessary as to the interpretation of results obtained from these. An igneous magma, at the time of consolidation, contains large quantities of gases: the liquid carbonic acid which may be seen in the cavities of granitic quartz is a proof of this, as is also the copious emission of water vapour from consolidating lava streams. We are for the most part ignorant of the history of rock magmas previous to their intrusion into their present position among the strata, and consolidation there; consequently, it is impossible to say whether any helium which may be found in the consolidated rock as a whole was generated since the consolidation, or whether it partly represents what was entangled or dissolved in the molten magma previous to consolidation; for there is no doubt that helium was being generated in the molten just as in the consolidated material. All the evidence goes to show that the rate of radio-active change is nearly if not quite independent of the physical conditions in which the radio-active matter may happen to be, and of its state of chemical combination. We may evade the difficulty by concentrating attention on those con­stituent minerals of the rock which are exceptionally radio-active. These, although they may in some sense have been present in the magma, in solution, must at that time have added the helium they were generating to the common stock of the magma as a whole. It is only since they separated in the solid form that they can have begun to accumulate within themselves a store of helium greatly more concentrated than that present in the rock mass generally. Minerals like zircon and sphene, containing hundreds of times as much helium as the average of the rock of which they are constituents, may accordingly be regarded as having generated the whole of their supply since consolidation.

scholarly journals CHINA’S INVOLVEMENT IN THE SYRIAN CRISIS AND THE IMPLICATIONS OF ITS NEUTRAL STANCE IN THE WAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Mohamad Zreik
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Minister ◽  
The United States ◽  
Syrian Crisis ◽  
Peaceful Settlement ◽  
History Of ◽  
China’S Foreign Policy ◽  
The Common ◽  
Global Arena ◽  
China Today ◽  
First Time

China today is a powerful state and an influential player in the global arena, as was demonstrated during the Syrian crisis, when China took a counterposition to the United States’ stance in Syria and supported the Assad regime. Beijing put a veto on the international resolutions related to the Syrian crisis and abstained from voting, as it did in the past when dealing with the crises in the region. In a move that marked a new page in China’s foreign policy, Beijing backed what was known as the sixpoint plan, calling for a ceasefire and settlement of the crisis through internal dialogue and proclaiming the inviolability of Syrian national sovereignty. In a subsequent move, China sent its envoy Li Huaqing (former Chinese ambassador to Syria) to Damascus to encourage the initiation of a dialogue between government forces and opposition. Following that, China sent Assistant Foreign Minister Zhang Ming (who had previously visited Egypt, Saudi Arabia and France) to the region to discuss ways of approaching the Syrian crisis. For the first time in its modern history, China renounced its policy of non-interference in crises outside its direct interests and immediate geopolitical space. The following paper will focus on China’s stance in the Syrian crisis (supporting its peaceful settlement and keeping equal distance from all the parties in the conflict) and the future of Sino-Syrian relations based on the common history of the two countries.

ON SOME FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE ADYGHE LITERATURE

Kavkazologiya ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 194-207
Author(s):  
L.B. KHAVZHOKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Common ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The article presents an overview study of the process of the origin and formation of the Adyghe (Kabardian, Circassian, Adygheyan) literatures, covering the period of the 19th – first half of the 20th century. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to clarify some points in the history of national literary literature, concerning the specifics of its formation, differentiation, periodization, etc. Here, for the first time, a comprehensive study of the common Adyghe literary process is carried out with an emphasis on the peculiarities of the development of the literatures of the Adyghe sub-ethnic groups. The purpose of the study is to recreate a holistic objective picture of the formation and primary development of the literature of an ethnic group. It is achieved by solving a set of tasks, including: defining the ideological and thematic orientation, studying the genre and style paradigm, identifying the specifics of the poetics of the Adygeyan literature of the period under consideration. A number of general scientific methods were involved in the study (generalization, analysis, synthesis, description). The results obtained can become a theoretical aid in the further study of the Kabardian, Circassian, Adygheyan literature. They can find practical application in the preparation of special courses, writing various kinds of research papers.

scholarly journals Female Portrait in Photography Art: from Authenticity to Modernity

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-96
Author(s):  
Svitlana Kotliar ◽  
Iryna Zaspa
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Female Beauty ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Distinct Features ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the research is to analyze female photo portrait, the concept of female beauty in photography, the history of the origin and formation of female portrait in photography. Moreover, the aim was to trace the common and distinct features of a female portrait from the past to nowadays. It was decided to establish a role of female photo portrait in the art of photography, to prove its peculiarity and importance. The research methodology consists of the following parts: theoretical – analysis of the female beauty concept in the photo portrait, history of female portrait development in photography, empirical – study of relationships between female portraits of different times, comparative – comparison of modern and authentic portraits. In the course of cognitive synthesis and generalization of distinctive and similar features of female photo portraits of different times, special features of the female portrait were determined. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the history and formation of female photo portrait from authenticity to the nowadays were analyzed. The analysis was conducted based on photo portraits researches of different times. A detailed analysis of factors influencing the formation of this genre of photography was carried out. With the help of the theoretical analysis, the factors influencing the development of the female photo portrait were determined, its specifics and features were outlined. Conclusions. In the course of the article, we analyzed female portrait in photography and the concept of female beauty in different periods. With the help of the analysis of the history of development and formation of the female portrait photography genre, its role in the art of photography has been established. Peculiarities of female photo portrait as a genre of the art of photography were determined. Its peculiarity and importance have been proved. The factors influencing the concept of female beauty in photography, the development of female portrait and its features have been generalized.

Rescuing Psychoanalysis from Freud: The Common Project of Stekel, Jung and Ferenczi

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter L. Rudnytsky
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
The Third ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Key Events ◽  
First Time ◽  
Extended Discussion

This article offers an extended discussion of Wilhelm Stekel's ‘On the History of the Analytic Movement’ (1926), published in English translation for the first time in Psychoanalysis and History 7(1) in 2005. It begins with a critique of the presentation of Stekel's text by Jaap Bos,who takes a purely rhetorical approach that seeks to exclude a psychological analysis of the author's motives. Bos's characterization of Stekel is likewise contested as unduly negative in crucial respects. The second section argues that it remains the task of the historian to search for truth. Attacks on the credibility of Jung by Harold Blum and Kurt Eissler are shown to reflect a bias that causes them to neglect the empirical evidence corroborating Jung's testimony concerning key events in his relationship to Freud. The third section lays out the numerous ways in which Stekel, Jung and Ferenczi independently arrived at remarkably similar judgements concerning Freud's character, and how his human failings exerted a harmful effect on the development of psychoanalysis. The final section moves to a discussion of how Stekel joins with Jung and Ferenczi in defining a common project of rescuing what is best in psychoanalysis from Freud's demands for personal loyalty and his attempts to subjugate his followers to intellectual tyranny.

First insights into the phylogeography and demographic history of the common hermit crab Pagurus bernhardus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) across the Eastern Atlantic and North Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-449
Author(s):  
Sven Rossel ◽  
Temim Deli ◽  
Michael J Raupach
Keyword(s):  
Hermit Crab ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Demographic Trend ◽  
Significant Genetic Structure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Benthic Crustacean ◽  
The Common ◽  
Pagurus Bernhardus ◽  
First Time

Abstract The common hermit crab Pagurus bernhardus (Linnaeus, 1758) is an abundant and ecologically important benthic crustacean in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. While this species has been intensively studied in terms of its ecology, physiology, behavior, and larval development, knowledge about its population structure and demographic history is still lacking. We examined, for the first time, the genetic variability of P. bernhardus by analyzing two mitochondrial gene fragments (CO1 and 16S) from more than 150 specimens collected from various locations from the Iberian Peninsula to Norway. Our results provide evidence for a significant genetic structure according to the sampled regions for both genetic markers. Furthermore, a comprehensive demographic history reconstruction, mainly based on neutrality tests and a Bayesian Skyline Plot (CO1), revealed a recent demographic expansion of P. bernhardus that preceded the Last Glacial Maximum. Such pattern of retrieved demographic trend could have been likely a successive process to historical contraction of the species into potential climate refugia within the surveyed geographic spectrum.

Spawning and early life history of burramundi, Lates calcarifer (Bloch), in Papua New Guinea

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Moore
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Lates Calcarifer ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
June July ◽  
Dry Out ◽  
The Relationship

L. calcarifer in western Papua is catadromous, undertaking substantial migrations to specific spawning grounds. The location and environmental characteristics of these spawning grounds and possible spawning stimuli are discussed. The annual spawning period extends from October to February but that for individual fish is relatively short. Fecundity (4 varies from 2.3 × 106 to 32.2 × 106 within the weight range 7.7-20.8 kg, being related to the total weight W (in kilograms) by the relationship F = 1.942 W × 106 - 13.816 × 106. The eggs, larvae and juveniles are described. Larvae leave coastal waters when approximately 5 mm long and enter coastal nursery swamps where they remain until they attain a length of 200-300 mm. They then return to coastal waters as the nursery swamps begin to dry out (June-July).

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