Maternal influence and population differences in activities of mitochondrial and glycolytic enzymes in emergent sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) fry

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1225-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
D A Patterson ◽  
H Guderley ◽  
P Bouchard ◽  
J S Macdonald ◽  
A P Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Performance Requirement ◽  
Maternal Influences ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Specific Activities

Full-sib groups were created from two reproductively isolated sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) populations, Weaver and Gates creeks, to test the hypotheses that prefed, emergent fry from different populations have different energetic capacities as revealed by whole-body maximal enzyme activities and that maternal influences account for a large portion of the variability in enzyme activities within fry populations. Weaver fry had higher mass-specific activities for lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and cytochrome c oxidase as well as higher protein-specific activities of lactate dehydrogenase. We ascribed these higher enzyme activities to the associated performance requirement of a more difficult prefeeding fry migration for Weaver fry. There were significant differences in mass- and protein-specific enzyme activities for all three enzymes among maternal broodlines within each population, suggesting that genetic differences existed among families. This study of maximal enzyme activities in juvenile sockeye highlights the importance of maternal influences, potential adaptive significance of differences in metabolic capacity, and the need for examining cellular physiology in an ecological perspective.

Size Scaling of Whole-Body Maximal Enzyme Activities in Aquatic Crustaceans

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 2385-2394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonn A. Berges ◽  
James S. Ballantyne
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Macrobrachium Rosenbergii ◽  
Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Allometric Relationship ◽  
Scaling Exponents ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

The relationships between body size and maximal activities of eight enzymes were measured in whole-body homogenates of the crustaceans Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Artemia franciscana, and Daphnia magna. Interspecifically and intraspecificaily, enzyme activities per animal (Y) scale with protein weight (W) according to the allometric relationship Y = aWb. Scaling exponents (b) varied with the enzyme examined and were usually different from 0.75. For enzymes such as citrate synthase, intraspecific and interspecific exponents were similar, but for enzymes associated with pathways other than aerobic metabolism, significant differences were found between species. For anaerobic enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase, these differences may relate to interspecific differences in life history and ecology. For anabolic enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and nucleoside diphosphate kinase, differences may relate to differences in growth rates between species.

scholarly journals Whole body and muscle energy metabolism in preruminant calves: effects of nutrient synchrony and physical activity

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joost J. G. C. van den Borne ◽  
Jean-François Hocquette ◽  
Martin W. A. Verstegen ◽  
Walter J. J. Gerrits
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Oxidative Enzyme ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Muscle Energy ◽  
Body Heat

The effects of asynchronous availability of amino acids and glucose on muscle composition and enzyme activities in skeletal muscle were studied in preruminant calves. It was hypothesized that decreased oxidative enzyme activities in muscle would explain a decreased whole body heat production with decreasing nutrient synchrony. Preruminant calves were assigned to one of six degrees of nutrient synchrony, step-wise separating the intake of protein and lactose over the two daily meals. Calves at the most synchronous treatment received two identical meals daily. At the most asynchronous treatment, 85 % of the daily protein and 20 % of the daily lactose supply were fed in one meal and the remainder in the other meal. Daily intakes of all dietary ingredients were identical for all treatments. Oxidative enzyme activities and fat content increased with decreasing nutrient synchrony inM. Rectus Abdominis(RA), but not inM. Semitendinosus. Cytochrome-c-oxidase activity was positively correlated with fat content in RA (r0·49;P < 0·01). Oxidative enzyme activities in both muscles were not correlated with average daily heat production, but citrate synthase activity in RA was positively correlated (P < 0·01) with the circadian amplitude (r0·53) and maximum (r0·61) of heat production associated with physical activity. In conclusion, this study indicates that muscle energy stores are regulated by nutrient synchrony. The lack of correlation between muscle oxidative enzyme activities and average daily heat production was in contrast with findings in human subjects. Therefore, oxidative enzyme activity in muscle should not be used as an indicator for whole body heat production in growing calves.

scholarly journals Adaptation of the small intestine during pregnancy and lactation in the rat

1979 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Burdett ◽  
C Reek
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Mucosal Epithelium ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Enzyme Change ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

During pregnancy and lactation in the rat the small intestine in general and the mucosal epithelium in particular gain weight. The specific activities of sucrase, lactate dehydrogenase and succinate-tetrazolium reductase remain constant and those of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase increase. There is no evidence that the reported decrease in absorption per unit area or weight of mucosal epithelium during pregnancy and lactation is due to decreases in enzyme activities within the epithelium. The pattern of enzyme change shows that the response of the gut to the stimuli of pregnancy and lactation must be a complex one, possibly involving increases in the specific activities of some enzymes.

Variants of Lactate Dehydrogenase Isozymes in Sera of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. O. Hodgins ◽  
W. E. Ames ◽  
F. M. Utter
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Bristol Bay ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Isozymes ◽  
Skeena River ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Ldh Isozymes

Three phenotypes of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes were found in sera of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), presumably representing B′B′, B′B, and BB genotypes. No association was obvious between LDH phenotype of sera and sex or total body length.Of 1006 sera from Asian, Bristol Bay, and Gulf of Alaska stocks, 826 were B′B′ and 180 were B′B or BB. Of 591 sera from Washington and British Columbia stocks, 589 were B′B′ and 2 were B′B; both of the B-allele phenotypes were found in fish captured at the Skeena River in northern British Columbia. These findings suggested that LDH isozymes should be useful in studies on ocean distribution of sockeye salmon and in characterizing certain Asian and Alaskan sockeye salmon populations.

RAT ENDOMETRIUM ENZYMES IN 4-DAY OESTROUS CYCLE AND EARLY PREGNANCY

1977 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Jelínek ◽  
Marta Jelínková
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Endogenous Hormones ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT The specific activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and its M-type (M-LDH), β-glucuronidase (β-GR), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were determined. The specific activities of the enzymes (LDH, β-GR) in the myometrium were lower and their changes less pronounced than in the endometrium. We, therefore, determined the enzymes in the rat endometrium only in further experiments. All enzymes react sensitively to the changes induced in the endometrium by endogenous hormones in the course of a 4-day cycle: pro-oestrus (P) is characterized by rather low enzyme activities, oestrus (E) by a peak of LDH and M-LDH and a rise of AP. In metoestrus (M) there is a peak of β-GR, ACP and AP. Dioestrus (D) is characterized by a significant decrease in LDH and M-LDH and by elevated values of all the other enzymes. The values on the individual days of the 4–day cycle were compared with days 4–6 of pregnancy. The reason for this was that if the rats were not mated, they would, respectively, return to pro-oestrus instead of being 4 days pregnant, to oestrus instead of being 5 days pregnant, or to metoestrus instead of being 6 days pregnant. We found the following differences: on day 4 of pregnancy LDH and M-LDH were lower and ACP and AP higher than in P. On day 5 of pregnancy the LDH, M-LDH, β-GR and AP were lower than in E On day 6 of pregnancy the LDH, M-LDH, ACP and especially β-GR, were lower than in M.

scholarly journals Thermal reaction norms of key metabolic enzymes reflect divergent physiological and behavioral adaptations of closely related amphipod species

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Jakob ◽  
Kseniya P. Vereshchagina ◽  
Anette Tillmann ◽  
Lorena Rivarola-Duarte ◽  
Denis V. Axenov-Gribanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Metabolic Enzymes ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Reaction Norms ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Amphipod Species ◽  
Thermal Plasticity

AbstractLake Baikal is inhabited by more than 300 endemic amphipod species, which are narrowly adapted to certain thermal niches due to the high interspecific competition. In contrast, the surrounding freshwater fauna is commonly represented by species with large-scale distribution and high phenotypic thermal plasticity. Here, we investigated the thermal plasticity of the energy metabolism in two closely-related endemic amphipod species from Lake Baikal (Eulimnogammarus verrucosus; stenothermal and Eulimnogammarus cyaneus; eurythermal) and the ubiquitous Holarctic amphipod Gammarus lacustris (eurythermal) by exposure to a summer warming scenario (6–23.6 °C; 0.8 °C d−1). In concert with routine metabolic rates, activities of key metabolic enzymes increased strongly with temperature up to 15 °C in E. verrucosus, whereupon they leveled off (except for lactate dehydrogenase). In contrast, exponential increases were seen in E. cyaneus and G. lacustris throughout the thermal trial (Q10-values: 1.6–3.7). Cytochrome-c-oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase, and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities were found to be higher in G. lacustris than in E. cyaneus, especially at the highest experimental temperature (23.6 °C). Decreasing gene expression levels revealed some thermal compensation in E. cyaneus but not in G. lacustris. In all species, shifts in enzyme activities favored glycolytic energy generation in the warmth. The congruent temperature-dependencies of enzyme activities and routine metabolism in E. verrucosus indicate a strong feedback-regulation of enzymatic activities by whole organism responses. The species-specific thermal reaction norms reflect the different ecological niches, including the spatial distribution, distinct thermal behavior such as temperature-dependent migration, movement activity, and mating season.

Resumption of anadromy or straying? Origins of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka in the Elwha River

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Quinn ◽  
George R. Pess ◽  
Ben J.G. Sutherland ◽  
Samuel J. Brenkman ◽  
Ruth E. Withler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Elwha River

Alternative Recruitment Models of Adams River Sockeye Salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1551-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy S. Collie ◽  
Carl J. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Ricker Model ◽  
The Status ◽  
Stock Recruitment ◽  
High Yields

Despite evidence of depensatory interactions among year-classes of Adams River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), the best management policy is one of equal escapement for all year-classes. We fit alternative models (Ricker model and Larkin model) to 32 yr of stock–recruitment data and checked, using simulation tests, that the significant interaction terms in the Larkin model are not caused by biases in estimating the parameters. We identified a parameter set (Rationalizer model) for which the status quo cyclic escapement policy is optimal, but this set fits the observed data very poorly. Thus it is quite unlikely that the Rationalizer model is correct or that the status quo escapement policy is optimal. Using the fitted stock–recruitment parameters, we simulated the sockeye population under several management policies. The escapement policy optimal under the Ricker model is best overall because of the high yields if it should be correct. If the three stock–recruitment models are equally likely to be correct, the simulations predict that adopting a constant-escapement policy would increase long-term yield 30% over the current policy and that an additional 15% increase in yield could be obtained if the policy were actively adaptive.

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