Phylogeography of "glacial relict" Gammaracanthus (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from boreal lakes and the Caspian and White seas

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 2247-2257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto Väinölä ◽  
Jouni K Vainio ◽  
Jukka U Palo
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Boreal Lakes ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Glacial Relict ◽  
Allozyme Loci

As with a number of "glacial relict" crustacean genera, species of Gammaracanthus are vicariously distributed in circumarctic coastal waters, in boreal freshwater lakes, and in the Caspian Sea. Various hypotheses have been invoked to explain the origins and diversity of the non-marine taxa. Data on 28 allozyme loci and 558 bp of the mitochondrial COI gene demonstrate a close affinity between G. caspius of the Caspian Sea and G. aestuariorum of the White Sea area (Nei's allozyme distance D = 0.09, COI sequence divergence d = 5%), and a threefold divergence of the two from the Fennoscandian freshwater G. lacustris (D = 0.33, d = 12%). The relative molecular affinities agree with morphological evidence but contradict the idea of a common ancestry of the non-marine taxa, rather they suggest two independent invasions of continental waters. The generally low molecular divergence refutes the recently suggested generic splitting of Gammaracanthus. Previous speculations of an affinity of Gammaracanthus to the Baikalian acanthogammarids or to the Eusiroidea are not substantiated. The interspecific phylogeographic structure of Gammaracanthus is not concordant with that of other "glacial relict" crustacean genera. Phylogeographically, Gammaracanthus seems to match with the genus Monoporeia alone, rather than with Pontoporeia sensu lato.

Diversity within the Ponto-Caspian Paramysis baeri Czerniavsky sensu lato revisited: P. bakuensis G.O. Sars restored (Crustacea: Mysida: Mysidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1632 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIKHAIL E. DANELIYA ◽  
ASTA AUDZIJONYTE ◽  
RISTO VÄINÖLÄ
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Sea Of Azov ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Species Overlap ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi Gene ◽  
Antennal Scale ◽  
Molecular Characters

The Ponto-Caspian mysid crustacean Paramysis bakuensis G.O. Sars, 1895, which was previously synonymized with P. baeri Czerniavsky, 1882, is restored on the basis of new morphological and molecular characters. The Sea of Azov subspecies P. baeri bispinosa Martynov, 1924, in turn, is synonymised with P. bakuensis. The two species, P. baeri and P. bakuensis, are distinguished by the shapes of paradactylar setae of pereiopods, maxilla II exopod and antennal scale, and by the number of denticles in the telson cleft. They also are characterized by ca 7% divergence in mitochondrial COI gene sequences. P. bakuensis is shown to be a widespread species, distributed in estuaries and rivers of the Caspian, Azov and Black Sea basins and in the Caspian Sea itself. P. baeri is endemic to the Caspian Sea, where the two species overlap and are sometimes found together.

Haplotype diversity in the Antarctic springtail Gressittacantha terranova at fine spatial scales - a Holocene twist to a Pliocene tale

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 766-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.C. Hawes ◽  
G. Torricelli ◽  
M.I. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Terra Nova Bay ◽  
The Antarctic

AbstractThe mitochondrial COI gene of the Antarctic springtail, Gressittacantha terranova, was sequenced across a polar coastal landscape at Terra Nova Bay, northern Victoria Land. Samples from two altitudinal transects in the foothills directly south of Campbell Glacier were compared with samples from Springtail Valley (northern foothills) as an external reference population. We found that mtDNA haplotypes clustered into two lineages (clades) with a mean sequence divergence of 10% (uncorrected distance). However, there was no phylogeographic structure found at this spatial (landscape) scale with haplotypes from both divergent clades found sympatric across most populations. At the landscape scale, the considerable genetic divergence revealed within G. terranova is around five times greater than any other continental Antarctic springtail examined to date. These data indicate a Pliocene divergence event in G. terranova around 4–5 million years ago. The unusual distributional profile of haplotypes - occurrence of multiple haplotypes at single sites and genetic contiguity between sites that are not physically contiguous - suggests a subsequent ‘reshuffling’ of haplotypes in the Holocene that has an ecological basis.

Allopatric separation represents an overlooked cryptic species in theAnania hortulataspecies complex (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae): congruence between genetic and morphological evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaofu Yang ◽  
Jean-François Landry
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Morphological Differences

AbstractAnania hortulata(Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) is a strikingly coloured, common, and widespread species that has long been recognised as a single species widely distributed in Asia, Europe, and North America. Using a combination of molecular and morphometric data, this study resolved thatA. hortulatais actually a species complex of two superficially indistinguishable species. Phylogenetic and network analyses based on the mitochondrial COI gene discriminated lineages from all major geographical regions of China as distinct,A. sinensisYang and Landrynew species, whereasA. hortulataoccurs in Central Asia, Europe, and North America. Nuclear gene (CAD) and morphological differences in the genital characters provided further evidence for the separation ofA. hortulataandA. sinensis.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics and mitochondrial COI gene of the green water dragon in Phu Quoc island, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Van Thong Ngo ◽  
◽  
Huu Hanh Tran ◽  
Chi Tao Phan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi Gene ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Data Book ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase

The green water dragons of Phu Quoc island, Vietnam have been given a VU rating (vulnerable) by the Vietnam red data book and the International Union for conservation of nature and natural resources. A description of the morphological characteristics and sequenced mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 COI gene was completed following a survey of thirty individuals from September 2018 to May 2019. Their body weights ranged from 115 to 850 g and their snout-vent length ranged from 120 to 280 mm. They were identified to have the highest similarity to the species Physignathus cocincinus by the barcode of life data system. Their COI gene sequence was compared to GenBank (KM272197.1) and the following alternations were found: C5483T, A5486C, C5537A, A5564G, A5591G, T5633C, G5684A, A5771G, A5849C, C5927T, T5942C, C5993T, G6002A, and A6020G. The neighbourjoining tree of their COI sequence divergence indicated a distance (compared to the same published species) from 2.3 to 2.8%. Thus, it might be possible that the green water dragons of Phu Quoc island are evolving into a specific subspecies. However, more green water dragon specimens from Phu Quoc should be sequenced to ensure a conclusion and further research into farming should be initiated to protect this vulnerable species.

Description of a new eelpout Pachycara angeloi sp. nov. (Perciformes: Zoarcidae) from deep-sea hydrothermal vent fields in the Indian Ocean

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4980 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-112
Author(s):  
RALF THIEL ◽  
THOMAS KNEBELSBERGER ◽  
TERUE KIHARA ◽  
KLAAS GERDES
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
The Indian Ocean

A new species of eelpout genus Pachycara Zugmayer, 1911 is described based on five specimens caught at a depth of 2419–3275 m along the Central and Southeast Indian Ridges in the Indian Ocean. The specimens were collected during the INDEX cruises in 2016, 2018 and 2019, respectively. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: scales and pelvic fins absent; lateral line configuration mediolateral; dorsal fin origin associated with vertebrae 7–9 with no free predorsal pterygiophores; vertebrae 27–28 + 57–59 = 85–87; dorsal-fin rays 78–80, anal-fin rays 58–62; pectoral fin rays 13–15. DNA sequences of a mitochondrial COI gene fragment showed low intra-specific variation ranging from 0–0.3 % sequence divergence and do not reflect different vent sites. This is the 29th species of Pachycara, which is the fifth to be described from specimens collected only from chemosynthetic environments and the sixth known from the Indian Ocean. 

scholarly journals Deep Phylogenetic Divergence and Lack of Taxonomic Concordance in Species of Astronotus (Cichlidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olavo Pinhatti Colatreli ◽  
Natasha Verdasca Meliciano ◽  
Daniel Toffoli ◽  
Izeni Pires Farias ◽  
Tomas Hrbek
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Diagnostic Character ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Meristic Counts ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Phylogenetic Divergence

The neotropical cichlid genus Astronotus currently comprises two valid species: A. ocellatus Agassiz, 1831 and A. crassipinnis Heckel, 1840. The diagnosis is based on color pattern and meristics counts. However, body color pattern is highly variable between regions and the meristic counts show a considerable overlap between populations differing in color patterning. They do not represent true synapomorphies that diagnose species. Purportedly the only truly diagnostic character is the presence or absence of one or more ocelli at the base of the dorsal fin, diagnosing A. ocellatus and A. crassipinnis, respectively. Using the 5′ portion of the mitochondrial COI gene and EPIC nuclear markers, the validity of the dorsal ocelli as diagnostic character was tested in individuals sampled from ten localities in the Amazon basin. Analyses rejected the hypothesis that dorsal ocelli are diagnostic at the species level. However, they revealed the existence of five hypothetical, largely allopatrically distributed morphologically cryptic species. The phylogeographic structure is not necessarily surprising, since species of the genus Astronotus have sedentary and territorial habits with low dispersal potential. The distribution of these hypothetical species is coincident with patterns observed in other Amazonian aquatic fauna, suggesting the role of common historical processes in generating current biodiversity patterns.

Combining Nuclear and Mitochondrial Loci Provides Phylogenetic Information in the Philopterus Complex of Lice (Psocodea: Ischnocera: Philopteridae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Najer ◽  
Ivo Papousek ◽  
Oldrich Sychra ◽  
Andrew D Sweet ◽  
Kevin P Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Information ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Putative Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Loci

Abstract The Philopterus Complex includes several lineages of lice that occur on birds. The complex includes the genera Philopterus (Nitzsch, 1818; Psocodea: Philopteridae), Philopteroides (Mey, 2004; Psocodea: Philopteridae), and many other lineages that have sometimes been regarded as separate genera. Only a few studies have investigated the phylogeny of this complex, all of which are based on morphological data. Here we evaluate the utility of nuclear and mitochondrial loci for recovering the phylogeny within this group. We obtained phylogenetic trees from 39 samples of the Philopterus Complex (Psocodea: Philopteridae), using sequences of two nuclear (hyp and TMEDE6) and one mitochondrial (COI) marker. We evaluated trees derived from these genes individually as well as from concatenated sequences. All trees show 20 clearly demarcated taxa (i.e., putative species) divided into five well-supported clades. Percent sequence divergence between putative species (~5–30%) for the COI gene tended to be much higher than those for the nuclear genes (~1–15%), as expected. In cases where species are described, the lineages identified based on molecular divergence correspond to morphologically defined species. In some cases, species that are host generalists exhibit additional underlying genetic variation and such cases need to be explored by further future taxonomic revisions of the Philopterus Complex.

scholarly journals Taxonomic clarification of the Eumicrotremus asperrimus species complex (Teleostei: Cyclopteridae) in the eastern North Pacific

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4294 (4) ◽  
pp. 419 ◽  
Author(s):  
DUANE E. STEVENSON ◽  
CATHERINE W. MECKLENBURG ◽  
YOSHIAKI KAI
Keyword(s):  
Bering Sea ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polymorphic Species ◽  
Cast Doubt

The Eumicrotremus asperrimus species complex includes three nominal species from the eastern North Pacific and Bering Sea: Eumicrotremus gyrinops (Garman 1892); Eumicrotremus muticus (Gilbert 1896); and Eumicrotremus phrynoides Gilbert & Burke 1912. These species have been distinguished from each other primarily on the basis of the strength and coverage of bony tubercles on the head and body. However, several recent genetic studies have cast doubt on the utility of bony tubercles for diagnosing species-level differences among cyclopterids, and a recent genetic study of the E. asperrimus species complex indicated that population structure is not correlated with tubercle development. Here we present additional evidence from the mitochondrial COI gene indicating that there is little genetic structure within a sample of specimens from the eastern North Pacific and Bering Sea with a wide range of tubercle development. We also examine several lines of morphological evidence, including meristic and morphometric data and osteology, and conclude that the three nominal species described from the eastern North Pacific represent a single polymorphic species. We present a redescription of Eumicrotremus gyrinops (Garman), the oldest of the three nominal species, recognizing the other two nominal species of the Eumicrotremus asperrimus species complex described from the eastern North Pacific as junior synonyms. Individuals of this highly polymorphic species may be covered in large bony tubercles, or sparsely covered in small tubercles, or may have no evidence of tubercles at all. There is clear evidence of sexual dimorphism, as males tend to have fewer and smaller tubercles than females, and all large specimens (> 58 mm SL) are females. Both males and smaller females may lack any evidence of tubercles. 

scholarly journals Old lake versus young taxa: a comparative phylogeographic perspective on the evolution of Caspian Sea gastropods (Neritidae: Theodoxus )

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 190965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur F. Sands ◽  
Thomas A. Neubauer ◽  
Saeid Nasibi ◽  
Majid Fasihi Harandi ◽  
Vitaliy V. Anistratenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Lake Level ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Haplotype Networks

The Caspian Sea has been a highly dynamic environment throughout the Quaternary and witnessed major oscillations in lake level, which were associated with changes in salinity and habitat availability. Such environmental pressures are considered to drive strong phylogeographic structures in species by forcing populations into suitable refugia. However, little is actually known on the effect of lake-level fluctuations in the Caspian Sea on its aquatic biota. We compared the phylogeographic patterns of the aquatic Neritidae snail genus Theodoxus across the Pontocaspian region with refugial populations in southern Iran. Three gene fragments were used to determine relationships and divergence times between the sampled populations in both groups. A dated phylogeny and statistical haplotype networks were generated in conjunction with the analyses of molecular variance and calculations of isolation by distance using distance-based redundancy analyses. Extended Bayesian skyline plots were constructed to assess demographic history. Compared with the southern Iranian populations, we found little phylogeographic structure for the Pontocaspian Theodoxus group, with more recent diversification, homogeneity of haplotypes across the Pontocaspian region and a relatively stable demographic history since the Middle Pleistocene. Our results argue against a strong influence of Caspian Sea low stands on the population structure post the early Pleistocene, whereas high stands may have increased the dispersal possibilities and homogenization of haplotypes across the Pontocaspian region during this time. However, during the early Pleistocene, a more dramatic low stand in the Caspian Sea, around a million years ago, may have caused the reduction in Theodoxus diversity to a single lineage in the region. In addition, our results provide new insights into Theodoxus taxonomy and outlooks for regional conservation.

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