Allopatric separation represents an overlooked cryptic species in theAnania hortulataspecies complex (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae): congruence between genetic and morphological evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaofu Yang ◽  
Jean-François Landry
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Morphological Differences

AbstractAnania hortulata(Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) is a strikingly coloured, common, and widespread species that has long been recognised as a single species widely distributed in Asia, Europe, and North America. Using a combination of molecular and morphometric data, this study resolved thatA. hortulatais actually a species complex of two superficially indistinguishable species. Phylogenetic and network analyses based on the mitochondrial COI gene discriminated lineages from all major geographical regions of China as distinct,A. sinensisYang and Landrynew species, whereasA. hortulataoccurs in Central Asia, Europe, and North America. Nuclear gene (CAD) and morphological differences in the genital characters provided further evidence for the separation ofA. hortulataandA. sinensis.

A new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Ninh Thuan Province, southern Vietnam

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4999 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-76
Author(s):  
Quyen Hanh Do ◽  
TRUNG MY PHUNG ◽  
HANH THI NGO ◽  
MINH DUC LE ◽  
THOMAS ZIEGLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Southern Vietnam ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi Gene ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Dorsal Pattern ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the Cyrtodactylus irregularis group is described from Ninh Thuan Province, southern Vietnam based on molecular divergence and morphological differences. Cyrtodactylus orlovi sp. nov. is distinguished from the remaining Indochinese bent-toed geckos by having the unique combination of the following characters: size medium (SVL 61.0–77.7 mm); dorsal tubercles in 16–20 irregular rows; 36–39 ventral scale rows; precloacal pores absent in females, 5 or 6 in males, in a continuous row; femoral pores absent; 3–8 enlarged femoral scales; postcloacal spurs 1 or 2; lamellae under toe IV 16–19; a continuous neckband; a highly irregular transverse banded dorsal pattern; the absence of transversely enlarged median subcaudal scales. In phylogenetic analyses, the new species was revealed to be the sister taxon to a clade consisting of Cyrtodactylus cattienensis and the most recently described species from Vietnam, C. chungi, with 12.1–12.4% and 11.7 % pairwise genetic divergence from the two species, respectively, based on a fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene.  

On the composite nature of the holotype of Loxodontomys pikumche Spotorno et al., 1998 (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3135 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
PABLO TETA ◽  
ULYSES F. J. PARDIÑAS ◽  
GUILLERMO D’ELÍA
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Root Numbers ◽  
Composite Nature ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Plate Morphology ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
Chilean Populations

Central Chilean populations of the mouse Loxodontomys Osgood were traditionally (e.g., Pine et al., 1979) included as part of the single species recognized in the genus, L. micropus (Waterhouse). Later, Spotorno et al. (1998) considered that they belong to an up to then undescribed species for which they coined the name L. pikumche. This taxon, with type locality in “... Cajón del Río Maipo, sector Cruz de Piedra (34º 10’ S 69º 58’ W, 2.450 msnm), a 55 km S de la Central Hidroeléctrica de Las Melosas... en la Cordillera de la Región Metropolitana” is characterized by a 2n = 32 (NF = 34) and some subtle morphological differences with L. micropus (that, in turn, has a 2n = 34, NF = 36; Spotorno et al., 1998; Teta et al., 2009). More recently, Novillo et al. (2009) reported the first record of L. pikumche in the Argentinean province of Mendoza and added some putative morphological differences with L. micropus to those previously listed by Spotorno et al. (1998). As discussed by Cañon et al. (2010), the morphological characters  documented as differences by Novillo et al. (2009) have some degree of variation within populations of L. micropus s.s. (e.g., zygomatic plate morphology, lateral profile of nasals, development of posterior palate process; see Hershkovitz, 1962; Steppan, 1995) or were based on misinterpretation of some features (e.g., both specimens studied by Novillo et al. [2009] has posteriorly divergent toothrows, and not only that of micropus). Indeed, the distinction of L. pikumche was recently put in interdict by Cañon et al. (2010) on the base of molecular and morphological evidence. These authors remarked that several putative diagnostic characters (e.g., molar root numbers, incisor orientation, shape of upper incisor dentine fissure) vary within and among populations of L. micropus s.s. Further, Cañon et al. (2010) suggested that L. pikumche may be a junior synomyn of L. m. alsus (Thomas, 1919).

Contrasting and complex evolutionary histories within the terapontid grunter genus Hephaestus revealed by nuclear and mitochondrial genes

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 1813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley J. Pusey ◽  
Andrew Bentley ◽  
Damien Burrows ◽  
Colton Perna ◽  
Aaron Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Cryptic Speciation ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Data ◽  
Wet Tropics ◽  
Gene Data

Contrasting evolutionary histories may be revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear information. Divergent New Guinean and eastern and western Australian lineages of Hephaestus fuliginosus (sooty grunter) were detected using mitochondrial data, with the extent of divergence consistent with cryptic speciation events. However, this phylogeographic pattern was not supported by nuclear gene data, and evidence for cryptic speciation appears driven almost entirely by introgression between H. fuliginosus and congeners on the periphery of its distribution (e.g. with H. tulliensis, H. jenkinsi or H. roemeri). Hephaestus fuliginosus is a single species with a complex evolutionary history. Introgression on the eastern coast is consistent with transfer of the mitochondrial genome of the resident species (H. tulliensis) to the invading species (H. fuliginosus) and may have provided the metabolic capacity for H. fuliginosus to spread into the cooler rainforest environment of the Wet Tropics region. Mitochondrial and nuclear analyses both identified the genus Hephaestus as polyphyletic with H. carbo and H. habbemai placed in a clade with Leiopotherapon unicolor and Amniataba percoides. The present study demonstrated the need to consider a variety of genetic information when assessing species identity in a widespread species and the need for a systematic revision of the genus and family as a whole.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis reveals Finnish Formica fennica populations do not form a separate genetic entity from F. exsecta

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Maria Hakala ◽  
Perttu Seppä ◽  
Maria Heikkilä ◽  
Pekka Punttila ◽  
Jouni Sorvari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Recent Addition ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Dna Microsatellite ◽  
Dna Microsatellite Markers

Coptoformica Müller, 1923 is a subgenus of Formica Linnaeus, 1758 that consists of c. a dozen species of ants that typically inhabit open grassy habitats and build small nest mounds. The most recent addition to the group is Formica fennica Seifert, 2000. The description was based on morphological characters, but the species status has not been confirmed by molecular methods. In this study, we use thirteen DNA microsatellite markers and a partial mitochondrial COI gene sequence to assess the species status of F. fennica, by comparing the genetic variation among samples identified as F. fennica and six other boreal Formica (Coptoformica) species. Most of the species studied form separate, discontinuous clusters in phylogenetic and spatial analyses with only little intraspecific genetic variation. However, both nuclear and mitochondrial markers fail to separate the species pair F. exsecta Nylander, 1846 and F. fennica despite established morphological differences. The genetic variation within the F. exsecta/fennica group is extensive, but reflects spatial rather than morphological differences. Finnish F. fennica populations studied so far should not be considered a separate species, but merely a morph of F. exsecta.

Diversity within the Ponto-Caspian Paramysis baeri Czerniavsky sensu lato revisited: P. bakuensis G.O. Sars restored (Crustacea: Mysida: Mysidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1632 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIKHAIL E. DANELIYA ◽  
ASTA AUDZIJONYTE ◽  
RISTO VÄINÖLÄ
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Sea Of Azov ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Species Overlap ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi Gene ◽  
Antennal Scale ◽  
Molecular Characters

The Ponto-Caspian mysid crustacean Paramysis bakuensis G.O. Sars, 1895, which was previously synonymized with P. baeri Czerniavsky, 1882, is restored on the basis of new morphological and molecular characters. The Sea of Azov subspecies P. baeri bispinosa Martynov, 1924, in turn, is synonymised with P. bakuensis. The two species, P. baeri and P. bakuensis, are distinguished by the shapes of paradactylar setae of pereiopods, maxilla II exopod and antennal scale, and by the number of denticles in the telson cleft. They also are characterized by ca 7% divergence in mitochondrial COI gene sequences. P. bakuensis is shown to be a widespread species, distributed in estuaries and rivers of the Caspian, Azov and Black Sea basins and in the Caspian Sea itself. P. baeri is endemic to the Caspian Sea, where the two species overlap and are sometimes found together.

Complementary description of Panonychus caricae Hatzinikolis, 1984, with the resurrection of the genus Sasanychus Ehara, 1978 (Acari, Prostigmata, Tetranychidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4881 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-531
Author(s):  
TEA ARABULI ◽  
TOMOKO MATSUDA ◽  
MOHAMED W. NEGM ◽  
TETSUO GOTOH
Keyword(s):  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
World Species ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Tree ◽  
The World ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Fig Trees

A complementary description of Panonychus caricae Hatzinikolis, 1984, is presented based on the morphology of adult female and male individuals collected from fig trees (Ficus sp., Moraceae) in Greece. Morphological differences between Panonychus caricae and two closely related species, Panonychus ulmi (Koch, 1836) and Panonychus hadzhibejliae (Reck, 1947), are discussed. Panonychus caricae can be separated from two other Panonychus species using the length of the female dorsal setae in combination with the ratio between the length of female dorsal opisthosomal setae f2 and h1, and the ratio between the length of dorsal setae sc1 and h1. A phylogenetic maximum likelihood tree was constructed based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 10 species of the subgenus Panonychus s.str. (including the re-described species P. caricae) and the only two species of the subgenus Sasanychus. The phylogenetic tree indicates that these 12 species are clearly separated from each other. The two subgenera, Panonychus s.str. and Sasanychus, comprise strongly supported monophyletic clades with 98% bootstrap values. The convergence of molecular and morphological data (dorsal setae set on tubercles or not, number of tactile setae on tibiae I and II, and patterns of the dorsocentral striae) suggests that Sasanychus should not be classified under the genus Panonychus. Consequently, molecular and morphological evidence supports the resurrection of the genus Sasanychus, which contains two species, S. akitanus (Ehara) and S. pusillus Ehara & Gotoh, as distinct from Panonychus. A key to the world species of Panonychus and Sasanychus is also provided.

Phylogeography of "glacial relict" Gammaracanthus (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from boreal lakes and the Caspian and White seas

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 2247-2257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto Väinölä ◽  
Jouni K Vainio ◽  
Jukka U Palo
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Boreal Lakes ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Glacial Relict ◽  
Allozyme Loci

As with a number of "glacial relict" crustacean genera, species of Gammaracanthus are vicariously distributed in circumarctic coastal waters, in boreal freshwater lakes, and in the Caspian Sea. Various hypotheses have been invoked to explain the origins and diversity of the non-marine taxa. Data on 28 allozyme loci and 558 bp of the mitochondrial COI gene demonstrate a close affinity between G. caspius of the Caspian Sea and G. aestuariorum of the White Sea area (Nei's allozyme distance D = 0.09, COI sequence divergence d = 5%), and a threefold divergence of the two from the Fennoscandian freshwater G. lacustris (D = 0.33, d = 12%). The relative molecular affinities agree with morphological evidence but contradict the idea of a common ancestry of the non-marine taxa, rather they suggest two independent invasions of continental waters. The generally low molecular divergence refutes the recently suggested generic splitting of Gammaracanthus. Previous speculations of an affinity of Gammaracanthus to the Baikalian acanthogammarids or to the Eusiroidea are not substantiated. The interspecific phylogeographic structure of Gammaracanthus is not concordant with that of other "glacial relict" crustacean genera. Phylogeographically, Gammaracanthus seems to match with the genus Monoporeia alone, rather than with Pontoporeia sensu lato.

scholarly journals Polymorphism of COI gene in honey bees from different regions of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
O. V. Cherevatov ◽  
E. O. Melnik ◽  
R. A. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Molecular Taxonomy ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi Gene ◽  
Geographical Regions

Aim. The rapidly evolving mitochondrial CoI gene is widely used in the molecular taxonomy of insects to identify closely related forms. Accordingly, to assess the distribution of subspecies / breeds of Apis mellifera in Ukraine, sequencing and comparison of this gene was performed for bees from different geographical regions. Methods. PCR amplification and sequencing of CoI. Results. Breed-specific mutations in the CoI gene have been identified for the Dark European, Carpathian and Ukrainian Steppe honey bees, which are widely distributed in Ukraine. It was found that the current distribution of these breeds does not correspond to the traditional zoning. Conclusions. The widespread practice of importing the genetic material of Apis mellifera from different regions of Ukraine leads to uncontrolled hybridization and represents a threat to the conservation of aboriginal breeds of honey bees.Keywords: biodiversity, mitochondrial DNA, molecular markers, cytochrome oxidase, Apis mellifera.

Reconstruction of intrageneric relationships within the Indo-West Pacific littoral crab genus Metopograpsus (Decapoda, Brachyura, Grapsidae): an alternative speciation order according to a 28S rDNA molecular phylogeny

Crustaceana ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1313-1325
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Mock ◽  
Christoph D. Schubart
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstructions ◽  
Geographic Coverage ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
First Time ◽  
Basal Position

Abstract The genus Metopograpsus H. Milne Edwards, 1853 is widespread throughout the Indo-West Pacific and currently consists of seven species that can only be separated by minor morphological differences. Therefore, it represents a good example for the usefulness of genetic analyses for identification and classification. In order to obtain phylogenetic information at both lower and higher evolutionary levels, it is best to use a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers. Here we present for the first time a molecular phylogeny based on a relative long fragment of the 28S rRNA nuclear gene for the genus Metopograpsus, after application of newly developed primers. Our data suggest an alternative intrageneric speciation order, with M. thukuhar and M. cannicci holding a basal position and a monophyletic grouping of M. frontalis, M. oceanicus and M. quadridentatus, which differs from prior phylogenetic reconstructions. Previously recognized intraspecific phylogeographic patterns in M. latifrons and M. quadridentatus could not be confirmed, due to limited variability of this conserved nuclear gene and due to an incomplete geographic coverage of the corresponding species. In contrast, the previously indicated phylogenetic subdivision within the formerly widespread species M. thukuhar, which led to the recent description of M. cannicci, is here supported.

First report of incidence of eriophyid mite Aceria sp. on Amaranthus

ENTOMON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-310
Author(s):  
K. M. Sreekumar ◽  
N. Srinivasa ◽  
R. Sivamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Species Delineation ◽  
Amaranthus Tricolor ◽  
Eriophyid Mite ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi Gene ◽  
First Time ◽  
Damage Symptoms

Eriophyid mite Aceria sp. damaging Amaranthus (Amaranthus tricolor) is reported from India for the first time. The mite cause severe malformation of the shoot, making it fibrous and reducing the yield. Foliar application of spiromesifen or fenpyroximate reduced the damage symptoms. DNA data for the mitochondrial COI gene and nuclear gene (ITS 2 region) are being generated for accurate species delineation.

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