scholarly journals Old lake versus young taxa: a comparative phylogeographic perspective on the evolution of Caspian Sea gastropods (Neritidae: Theodoxus )

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 190965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur F. Sands ◽  
Thomas A. Neubauer ◽  
Saeid Nasibi ◽  
Majid Fasihi Harandi ◽  
Vitaliy V. Anistratenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Lake Level ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Haplotype Networks

The Caspian Sea has been a highly dynamic environment throughout the Quaternary and witnessed major oscillations in lake level, which were associated with changes in salinity and habitat availability. Such environmental pressures are considered to drive strong phylogeographic structures in species by forcing populations into suitable refugia. However, little is actually known on the effect of lake-level fluctuations in the Caspian Sea on its aquatic biota. We compared the phylogeographic patterns of the aquatic Neritidae snail genus Theodoxus across the Pontocaspian region with refugial populations in southern Iran. Three gene fragments were used to determine relationships and divergence times between the sampled populations in both groups. A dated phylogeny and statistical haplotype networks were generated in conjunction with the analyses of molecular variance and calculations of isolation by distance using distance-based redundancy analyses. Extended Bayesian skyline plots were constructed to assess demographic history. Compared with the southern Iranian populations, we found little phylogeographic structure for the Pontocaspian Theodoxus group, with more recent diversification, homogeneity of haplotypes across the Pontocaspian region and a relatively stable demographic history since the Middle Pleistocene. Our results argue against a strong influence of Caspian Sea low stands on the population structure post the early Pleistocene, whereas high stands may have increased the dispersal possibilities and homogenization of haplotypes across the Pontocaspian region during this time. However, during the early Pleistocene, a more dramatic low stand in the Caspian Sea, around a million years ago, may have caused the reduction in Theodoxus diversity to a single lineage in the region. In addition, our results provide new insights into Theodoxus taxonomy and outlooks for regional conservation.

Phylogeography of "glacial relict" Gammaracanthus (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from boreal lakes and the Caspian and White seas

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 2247-2257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto Väinölä ◽  
Jouni K Vainio ◽  
Jukka U Palo
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Boreal Lakes ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Glacial Relict ◽  
Allozyme Loci

As with a number of "glacial relict" crustacean genera, species of Gammaracanthus are vicariously distributed in circumarctic coastal waters, in boreal freshwater lakes, and in the Caspian Sea. Various hypotheses have been invoked to explain the origins and diversity of the non-marine taxa. Data on 28 allozyme loci and 558 bp of the mitochondrial COI gene demonstrate a close affinity between G. caspius of the Caspian Sea and G. aestuariorum of the White Sea area (Nei's allozyme distance D = 0.09, COI sequence divergence d = 5%), and a threefold divergence of the two from the Fennoscandian freshwater G. lacustris (D = 0.33, d = 12%). The relative molecular affinities agree with morphological evidence but contradict the idea of a common ancestry of the non-marine taxa, rather they suggest two independent invasions of continental waters. The generally low molecular divergence refutes the recently suggested generic splitting of Gammaracanthus. Previous speculations of an affinity of Gammaracanthus to the Baikalian acanthogammarids or to the Eusiroidea are not substantiated. The interspecific phylogeographic structure of Gammaracanthus is not concordant with that of other "glacial relict" crustacean genera. Phylogeographically, Gammaracanthus seems to match with the genus Monoporeia alone, rather than with Pontoporeia sensu lato.

scholarly journals Concordant patterns of mtDNA and nuclear phylogeographic structure reveal Pleistocene vicariant event in the green crab Carcinus aestuarii across the Siculo-Tunisian Strait

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. DELI ◽  
N. CHATTI ◽  
K. SAID ◽  
C. D SCHUBART
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Green Crab ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Vicariant Event

This study focuses on the population genetic structure of the green crab Carcinus aestuarii along part of the African Mediterranean coast, with the main target to confirm genetic subdivision across the well documented genetic boundary of the Siculo-Tunisian Strait. For this purpose, the mitochondrial COI (cytochrome oxidase I) gene and five polymorphic microsatellite loci were analysed in 144 and 120 specimens, respectively. Our results show the existence of two distinct haplogroups, separated by 16 mutational steps and revealed a non random distribution of the genetic variation along the African Mediterranean coast. Dating analyses, based on the use of different molecular clock models and rates, placed the divergence among both haplogroups at 1.91 Myr (95% HPD: 1.11–2.68 Myr) to 0.69 Myr (95% HPD: 0.44–0.98 Myr). This range of divergence time estimation corresponds to the Early Pleistocene. The particular pattern of genetic divergence among Eastern and Western African Mediterranean populations of C. aestuarii, detected by 2-level AMOVA at the mitochondrial level, was consistent with that inferred from microsatellite analysis and suggests a vicariant event in C. aestuarii. Demographic reconstruction, inferred from mismatch distribution and BSP analyses, yielded different patterns of demographic history between both African Mediterranean groups. The distribution pattern of the two haplogroups across the African Mediterranean coast, along with results of Bayesian analysis of genetic structure revealing an intermediate geographic group between the two divergent groups of the African coast, support the hypothesis of a secondary contact between two historically isolated groups. Although this hypothetical contact zone, thought to be located near the Siculo-Tunisian Strait, still needs to be verified, the asymmetric gene flow from Western to Eastern African Mediterranean, as inferred by the results of a MIGRATE analysis, reinforces the previously mentioned results.

scholarly journals Increased haplotype diversity of Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Reptilia: Emydidae) in northern Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Seyyed Saeed Hosseinian Yousefkhani ◽  
Amaal Gh. Yasser ◽  
Murtada D. Naser ◽  
Eskandar Rsategar-Pouyani
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Emys Orbicularis ◽  
Southern Caspian Sea

Emys orbicularis is an Old World terrapin that has a wide distribution range from Russia to Iran, Europe, and Northwestern Africa. In this study, we compare the Southern Caspian Sea lineage (in northern Iran) of E. orbicularis with other lineages of this species in Europe using the Cyt b gene fragment. Based on our results, the Caspian Sea lineage shows a high value of PhiPT (> 0.87) in comparison with other lineages that means the lineage isolated more from other lineages. Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that Iranian and Caucasus lineages are distinct from other lineages. The Mantel test confirmed the pattern of isolation by distance for the lineages from Western Europe to Asia. These results indicate that the Iranian population has a long history in the Caucasian and Southern Caspian Sea region (> 6 MYA). There are many reasons to conserve this species in Iran, as high inbreeding rates, low genetic variability, accidental events on the roads, and pet trade must be considered in future conservation action plans.

scholarly journals Amplitude, frequency and drivers of Caspian Sea lake‐level variations during the Early Pleistocene and their impact on a protected wave‐dominated coastline

Sedimentology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 649-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth L. Jorissen ◽  
Hemmo A. Abels ◽  
Frank P. Wesselingh ◽  
Sergei Lazarev ◽  
Vusala Aghayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Lake Level ◽  
Early Pleistocene

THE NUMBER AND QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF FRY FISH IN SHALLOW COASTAL WATERS OF THE VOLGA IN THE SUMMER-AUTUMN PERIOD OF 2012

2017 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Edward Vladimirovich Nikitin
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
Fish Juveniles ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Shallow Coastal Waters

Shallow coastal waters of the Volga river is a flooded feeding area for fish juveniles of nonmigratory fish species. There takes place annual downstream migration of fluvial anadromous fish species from spawning grounds of the Volga river to the Northern Caspian Sea. The most important factors determining the number and qualitative characteristics of fry fishes are the level of the Caspian Sea (currently having a tendency to the lowering), hydrological and thermal regimes of the Volga river. Researches were carried out in definite periods of time. In the summer-autumn period of 2012 fry fishes were presented by 19 species (13 of them were commercial species), which belonged to 9 families. The article gives data on all the commercial fish species. In the first decade of July the maximum number of fry fish was registered in the western part of the Volga outfall offshore - in box 247 (19.86 mln specimens/km2), in the eastern part - in box 142 (20.4 mln specimens/km2). The most populous were roach, red-eye, silver bream and bream; size-weight characteristics were better in the areas remoted from the Volga delta. In the third decade of July the quantitative indicators of fry fish on these areas decreased, size-weight characteristics greatly increased. In the second decade of October in the western part of the seaside there were registered increased pre-wintering concentrations of fish juveniles, their qualitative indicators increased, which is evidence to favorable feeding conditions in 2012.

On the type locality of the steppe ribbon racer, Psammophis lineolatus (Brandt, 1838) (Serpentes: Lamprophiidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 324 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-272
Author(s):  
I.V. Doronin ◽  
T.N. Dujsebayeva ◽  
K.M. Akhmedenov ◽  
A.G. Bakiev ◽  
K.N. Plakhov
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Zoological Museum ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Original Species ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Made In

The article specifies the type locality of the Steppe Ribbon Racer. The holotype Coluber (Taphrometopon) lineolatus Brandt, 1838 is stored in the reptile collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ZISP No 2042). Literature sources provide different information about the type locality. A mistake has been made in the title of the work with the original species description: the western coast of the sea was indicated instead of the eastern one. The place of capture was indicated as “M. Caspium” (Caspian Sea) on the label and in the reptile inventory book of the Zoological Museum of the Academy of Sciences. The specimen was sent to the museum by G.S. Karelin. The “1842” indicated on the labels and in the inventory book cannot be the year of capture of the type specimen, just as the “1837” indicated by A.M. Nikolsky. In 1837, Karelin was in Saint Petersburg and in 1842 in Siberia. Most likely, 1837 is the year when the collection arrived at the Museum, and 1842 is the year when the information about the specimen was recorded in the inventory book (catalog) of the Zoological Museum of the Academy of Sciences. In our opinion, the holotype was caught in 1932. From Karelin’s travel notes of the expedition to the Caspian Sea in 1832, follows that the snake was recorded in two regions adjacent to the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea – Ungoza Mountain (“Mangyshlak Mountains”) and site of the Western Chink of Ustyurt between Zhamanairakty and Kyzyltas Mountains (inclusive) on the northeast coast of Kaydak Sor (“Misty Mountains”). In our article, Karelin’s route to the northeastern coast of the Caspian Sea in 1832 and photographs of these localities are given. The type locality of Psammophis lineolatus (Brandt, 1838) should be restricted to the Mangystau Region of the Kazakhstan: Ungoza Mountain south of Sarytash Gulf, Mangystau (Mangyshlak) Penninsula (44°26´ N, 51°12´ E).

ICE CONDITIONS IN THE NORTH-WESTERN PART OF THE CASPIAN SEA IN THE MODERN PERIOD

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 4-17
Author(s):  
Nepomenko Leonid ◽  
◽  
Popova Natalia ◽  
Zubanov Stepan ◽  
Ostrovskaya Elena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
North Western
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