THE FRACTIONATION OF PHOSPHORUS CONTAINING CONSTITUENTS IN THE ALLANTOIC MEMBRANE OF THE EMBRYONATED EGG

1950 ◽  
Vol 28e (6) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Radioactive Phosphorus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Soluble Phosphorus

A procedure is described which permitted the phosphorus containing constituents in allantoic membranes of embryonated eggs to be separated into fractions as follows: alcohol soluble phosphorus from which the phospholipids were separated, phosphorus soluble in 5% trichloroacetic acid in which inorganic phosphorus was determined, and nucleic acid phosphorus which was further separated into pentose and desoxypentose nucleic acids. This procedure was applied to membranes between 9 and 13 days of age. It was found that the total phosphorus amounted to 9 to 10 mgm. per gm. of dried tissue. Alcohol soluble phosphorus accounted for approximately 28%, acid soluble phosphorus for 37%, and nucleic acid phosphorus for 35% of the total phosphorus. About half the acid soluble phosphorus was inorganic and about 85% of the alcohol soluble phosphorus was associated with phospholipids. These proportions remained essentially constant over the period studied. The ratio of pentose to desoxypentose nucleic acid phosphorus also remained fairly constant over the interval at about 2.2. There was no significant difference in the amounts of P32 taken up over a period of 72 hr. by normal allantoic membranes and those infected with influenza virus, when inorganic radioactive phosphorus was placed in the allantoic sacs of 11-day embryonated eggs.

A Suggested Fractionation of Inorganic Phosphorus at Various Types of Slope Soil Under Different Restoration Modes

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 3799-3802
Author(s):  
Bin Wu ◽  
Zhen Yao Xia ◽  
Lin Lin Zhang ◽  
Shi Feng Guan ◽  
Ming Yi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Soluble Phosphorus ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hydropower Construction ◽  
Total P

This paper selected various types of slope soil under different restoration modes of Xiangjiaba hydropower construction to study the fractionation of inorganic phosphorus. The results showed that the content of inorganic phosphorus was lower.In seven different types of slop soil,the content of total inorganic phosphorus was between 254.43 mg·kg-1 and 992.98 mg·kg-1,and accounted for between 22.60% and 47.12%.The content of soil total inorganic phosphorus and the raito of Water-soluble phosphorus,Al-P to total phosphorus increased as the content of soil total P increase,but the ratio of soil O-P,Ca-P to total phosphorus decreased.The Water-soluble phosphorus and Al-P in Vegetation-growing concrete gunning were the highest,the O-P in Natural secondary forests were the highest and Ca-P in External-soil spray seeding were the highest among all the types of slope soil.

scholarly journals Nucleic acid metabolism in the ruminant

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Mcallan ◽  
R. H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Nucleic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid Solution ◽  
Rna And Dna

1. Procedures, based on those of Schmidt & Thannhauser (1945) and Schneider (1945), for the extraction and estimation of nucleic acids in bovine digesta were examined in detail.2. Final methods which were suitable for routine determination of RNA and DNA were essentially as follows. Digesta samples were extracted in the cold, first with a solution of trichloroacetic acid in ethanol, then with aqueous trichloroacetic acid solution and finally with lipid solvents. The dried residue was hydrolysed with alkali, purified by passage through a Dowex resin, and the RNA, in the form of mononucleotides, determined by U.V. absorption. DNA was determined separately in hot perchloric acid extracts of the original dried residue by colorimetric estimation of the deoxyribose content.

STUDIES ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VIRUS AND HOST CELL: THE PREPARATION OF T2r+ BACTERIOPHAGE LABELLED WITH RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS

1950 ◽  
Vol 28e (6) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Lesley ◽  
R. C. French ◽  
A. F. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
High Specific Activity ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Radioactive Phosphorus ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Escherichia Coli B

T2r+ bacteriophage grown in its host, Escherichia coli B, in broth medium in the presence of radioactive inorganic phosphorus was labelled with the isotope. Purified suspensions of this virus had specific activities up to 50,000 c.p.m. per μgm. P. There was little or no exchange of P32 between virus and inorganic phosphate. Chemical analysis showed that at least 98% of the virus phosphorus was contained in nucleic acid; of the nucleic acid phosphorus 95.5% was associated with desoxypentose nucleic acid and 4.5% with pentose nucleic acid. More than 99% of the radioactivity of the labelled bacteriophage was contained in the nucleic acid fraction. Preparations of bacteriophage were obtained with sufficiently high specific activity to enable metabolism experiments to be carried out on the growth of the labelled virus in the host cell.

THE UPTAKE OF RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS BY INFLUENZA VIRUS A (PR8 STRAIN)

1950 ◽  
Vol 28e (3) ◽  
pp. 121-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Graham ◽  
Laurella McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Virus Growth ◽  
Radioactive Phosphorus ◽  
Influenza Virus A ◽  
Direct Exchange ◽  
Subsequent Period

Radioactive inorganic phosphorus placed in the allantoic sacs of embryonated eggs three hours after inoculation with influenza virus was incorporated into the structure of the virus during its growth. There was little or no direct exchange between the virus and radioactive inorganic phosphorus. The specific activity of purified labelled virus rose linearly with increasing amounts of radioactive phosphorus administered to the eggs. When radioactive phosphorus was placed in the allantoic sac 48 hr. before inoculation with influenza virus the newly formed labelled virus had a specific activity about 20% higher than when isotope was administered at the same time as virus. As the amount of isotope injected into each infected egg was increased up to 775 μrd. an increasing number of embryos died during the subsequent period of virus growth. The yield of virus from the surviving eggs was not less than from eggs which had not received radioactive phosphorus. Under the experimental conditions described the amount of isotope which could be introduced into influenza virus was not sufficient to permit the use of the marked virus in metabolism experiments in animals or embryonated eggs.

METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS AMONG THE PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING CONSTITUENTS OF TISSUES

1948 ◽  
Vol 26e (6) ◽  
pp. 333-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McCarter ◽  
Ethel L. Steljes
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Phosphorus Fraction ◽  
Radioactive Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Quantitative Account

The phosphorus-containing constituents of various tissues of the rat were separated into five fractions. These were: inorganic and organic phosphorus soluble in aqueous 10% trichloroacetic acid; phosphorus soluble in 3:1 alcohol–ether; phosphorus derived from ribonucleic acid; and phosphorus derived from thymonucleic acid. In order to test the methods, inorganic phosphate, disodium phenyl phosphate, and purified ribonucleic and thymonucleic acids were added to a homogenate of rat liver in 10% trichloroacetic acid. It was possible by separation and analysis of the fractions to obtain a quantitative recovery of the added phosphorus in the appropriate fractions. The extent to which radioactive inorganic phosphate entered the other fractions was measured following its addition to a homogenate of rat liver in 10% trichloroacetic acid. When the fractionation was performed at room temperature it was found that all of the fractions except the organic acid-soluble phosphorus fraction contained negligible amounts of the added radioactive phosphorus. The amount of radioactive phosphorus taken up by this fraction could be reduced to a negligible quantity by working quickly and with cold solutions.Data are given showing the radioactive and nonradioactive phosphorus contents of the various fractions of liver, spleen, kidney, muscle, thymus gland, lymph node, prostate gland, and testis of the rat 24 hr. after the intraperitoneal injection of a solution of radioactive inorganic phosphate. By analysis of the urine, feces, and remainder of the rat after removal of the above tissues, a quantitative account was made of the injected radioactive phosphate.

scholarly journals Physiology of Pea Fruits V. Phosphate Compounds in the Developing Seed

1957 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
KS Rowan ◽  
Donella H Turner
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Developing Seed ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Soluble Phosphorus ◽  
Hexose Phosphates ◽  
Phosphate Compounds

The changes in concentration of total phosphorus, total acid�soluble phosphorus, inorganic phosphorus, hexose phosphates, and adenosine pyrophosphates were measured in maturing seed of the pea (Pisum sativum L.) at different times from flowering.

scholarly journals The incorporation of radioactive phosphorus in the influenza virus and its distribution in serologically active virus fractions

1954 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hoyle ◽  
B. Jolles ◽  
R. G. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Virus Protein ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Radioactive Phosphorus ◽  
Influenza Virus A ◽  
Active Virus ◽  
Ether Treatment

1. When the D.S.P. strain of influenza virus A is grown in eggs into which 100 μc. of radioactive inorganic phosphate has been introduced the virus incorporates32P into its structure.2. Some 20–25% of the virus32P is found in the virus phospholipid; the remainder is combined with the virus protein and is probably present in the virus nucleic acid.3. When the virus is disintegrated by ether treatment with the liberation of separate red-cell agglutinating and complement-fixing ‘soluble antigen’ particles the non-lipid32P is found to be associated with the soluble antigen fraction and not with the haemagglutinin.4. It is suggested that the complement-fixing soluble antigen is a nucleoprotein while the haemagglutinin is a phosphorus-free protein.

scholarly journals Paraprotein Interference Causing Pseudohyperphosphataemia: Evaluation of an Improved Methodology

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 498-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Savory ◽  
C J Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Significant Difference

The measurement of serum inorganic phosphorus by direct acid/molybdate assay is known to be subject to interference by some serum paraproteins. Serum samples from 45 paraproteinaemic patients were used for the measurement of inorganic phosphorus using a manufacturer's kit reagent and a detergent-modified reagent from the same manufacturer. In addition, the same samples were analysed with both reagents following precipitation of serum protein with trichloroacetic acid. Using the original reagent pseudohyperphosphataemia was found in 27% (12/45) of the samples. The modified reagent was free from interference with no significant difference between results from serum and protein-free supernatants.

scholarly journals THE NUCLEIC ACID AND CARBOHYDRATE OF INFLUENZA VIRUS

1947 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids

Both ribonucleic and desoxyribonucleic acids have been obtained from purified particles of PR8 influenza virus. These particles were also found by extraction with formamide to contain carbohydrate in addition to that of the nucleic acids. Carbohydrate-rich fractions, essentially devoid of nucleic acid, were obtained not only from the particles representing PR8 virus but from those of Lee influenza virus as well. The carbohydrate in each case appeared to be a polysaccharide composed of mannose, galactose, and glucosamine units.

THE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF PURIFIED INFLUENZA VIRUS A (PR8 STRAIN) CONTAINING RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS

1950 ◽  
Vol 28e (5) ◽  
pp. 186-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Radioactive Phosphorus ◽  
Influenza Virus A

Purified influenza virus A (PR8 strain) was found to contain about 11% phospholipid and 5% nucleic acid in agreement with previously reported work. The method of Schmidt and Thannhauser, applied to the nucleic acid fraction of the virus, indicated the presence of 4.5% pentose nucleic acid and 0.3% desoxypentose nucleic acid. When influenza virus was grown in the allantoic membrane of the embryonated egg in the presence of inorganic radioactive phosphorus both phospholipid and nucleic acid components of the virus were found to contain the isotope. The specific radioactivity of the nucleic acid fraction was about four times that of the phospholipid.

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