RESPONSES OF PLANT STEM CUTTINGS TREATED WITH CHEMICALS IN A CARRIER DUST

1945 ◽  
Vol 23c (4) ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
N. H. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Metallic Silver ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Organic Mercury ◽  
Nutrient Salt ◽  
Factorial Series ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plant Stem

Plant stem cuttings were treated in a factorial series with talc dusts containing naphthylbutyric acid, nutrient salts, an organic mercurial disinfectant, finely divided silver metal, thiamin, and nicotinic acid. Naphthylbutyric acid treatment increased the number of roots for cuttings of Physocarpus and Iresine and reduced the mean root length of Lonicera. Nutrient salt treatment increased the number of roots on Iresine cuttings and the mean root length of Lonicera. Differential effects were found for treatments with naphthylbutyric acid and each of organic mercury, metallic silver, and nutrient salts. Organic mercury at 50 p.p.m. and metallic silver at 5000 p.p.m. were similar in their effects. Thiamin and nicotinic acid had no significant effect on the rooting responses.Naphthylacetic acid was prepared in talc at concentrations of 4000, 2000, 1000, and 500 p.p.m. and indolylbutyric, naphthylbutyric acids, and potassium naphthylhexoate at molecularly equivalent concentrations. When applied in a talc carrier dust to cuttings of seven species naphthylacetic and indolylbutyric acids were substantially similar in their effects while naphthylbutyric acid and potassium naphthylhexoate showed a lower order of physiological activity. Effects of chemicals judged by the rooting responses of cuttings tended to be similar over the concentration range. On the average, the 4000 p.p.m. dosage was injurious, while the two lowest dosages failed to differ in effects between themselves.

EFFECTS OF POTASSIUM ACID PHOSPHATE, CANE SUGAR, ETHYL MERCURIC BROMIDE, AND INDOLYLACETIC ACID IN A TALC CARRIER ON THE ROOTING OF STEM CUTTINGS

1941 ◽  
Vol 19c (4) ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
N. H. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Organic Mercury ◽  
Acid Phosphate ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Indolylacetic Acid ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Plant Stem

Greenwood cuttings of Deutzia Lemoinei, Symphoricarpus albus, and Weigela rosea and dormant cuttings of Lonicera tatarica were treated with a series of 32 talc dusts containing potassium acid phosphate at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1.0, and 10%, in combination with 0 and 10% cane sugar, 0 and 50 p.p.m. ethyl mercuric bromide, and 0 and 1000 p.p.m. indolylacetic acid. The lower concentrations of phosphate tended to increase rooting and reduce mortality of two of the species of greenwood cuttings whereas the 10% concentration was ineffective or injurious. However, this concentration was favourable to the rooting of dormant cuttings. Indolylacetic acid treatment increased the number of rooted cuttings and the number and length of roots. Beneficial effects were indicated for organic mercury and cane sugar treatments. However, these were attributed largely to the combinations with phosphate and indolylacetic acid. The results indicate that the effectiveness of dusts containing indolylacetic acid in the treatment of plant stem cuttings may be increased by the addition of nutrient and disinfectant chemicals.

PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF A SERIES OF NAPHTHYL ACIDS

1939 ◽  
Vol 17c (8) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Lower Order ◽  
Homologous Series ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Noteworthy Feature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rooting Response

An homologous series of ω-naphthyl, aliphatic acids from the acetic to the hexoic has been presented to the author by Dr. R. H. Manske, and the physiological activity of these has been determined by the rooting response of plant cuttings treated with solutions of each. Statistically significant positive effects have been noted on the number of cuttings that rooted, the number and length of roots per rooted cutting, and the mean root length. The results with several plant species indicate that activity exists up to and including naphthyl hexoic acid, the highest member of the series tested. A noteworthy feature of the results is the activity of the acids with an even number of carbon atoms in the side chain; those with an odd number have activity of a lower order.

PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF A SERIES OF INDOLYL ACIDS

1939 ◽  
Vol 17c (11) ◽  
pp. 373-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Indolylacetic Acid ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fresh Root

The physiological activity of a series of indolyl acids, from the acetic to the valeric, including 5-methyl-indolylpropionic, has been determined by the rooting responses of Lonicera tartarica cuttings treated with solutions of each. Indolylbutyric acid was the most active chemical, affecting the number and length of roots per rooted cutting, the mean root length, the green weight of leaves, and the fresh root weights. Indolylacetic acid had significant effects on the number and length of roots per rooted cutting. Slight activity was shown by indolylpropionic acid, but neither indolylvaleric acid nor 5-methyl-indolylpropionic showed any significant treatment effects. None of the acids affected the number of cuttings rooted.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Nutrition of Containerized Cupressus arizonica var. glabra ‘Carolina Sapphire’

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hunter L. Stubbs ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Thomas G. Ranney
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Calcined Clay ◽  
Root Area ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Cupressus Arizonica

Abstract Rooted stem cuttings of ‘Carolina Sapphire’ smooth Arizona cypress [Cupressus arizonica var. glabra (Sudw.) Little ‘Carolina Sapphire’] grown in calcined clay in 3.8 liter (#1) containers were fertilized daily for 16 weeks with a complete nutrient solution containing 0, 20, 40, 80 or 160 mg N/liter supplied as ammonium nitrate. Plant heights and stem diameters were unaffected by N rate suggesting that a daily nutrient application of 20 mg N/liter was adequate for maximizing growth. Nitrogen fertilization increased heights and stem diameters by 71% and 56%, respectively, compared to the nontreated controls (0 mg N/liter). Even though shoot growth was unaffected by increasing N levels, foliage N concentration was positively correlated (r = 0.75, P < 0.0001) to N levels. As N concentration increased, total root area and total root length increased quadratically. Nitrogen fertilization increased root area and root length 119% and 108%, respectively, compared to the nontreated controls. Phosphorus concentration of shoots increased quadratically with increasing N levels. Nitrogen rate failed to affect K concentration of shoots. Shoot Ca and Mg concentrations decreased with increasing N levels.

scholarly journals Effect of growth hormone and growth media on the rooting and shooting of Zanthoxylum armatum stem cuttings

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
N. Phuyal ◽  
P. K. Jha ◽  
P. P. Raturi ◽  
S. Gurung ◽  
S. Rajbhandary
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Zanthoxylum Armatum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rooting Media

The common method of propagation is through seeds but seed germination in Zanthoxylum armatum is very low due to the presence of hard seed coat, which might be a great hurdle for large scale production of plantlets. So an attempt was made in this study to see the effect of different growth hormones, their concentrations and different rooting media on the rooting and sprouting of Z. armatum. The stem cuttings of Z. armatum were treated with two types of auxins namely Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) at different concentrations (2000 ppm, 3000 ppm and 5000 ppm), while the untreated cuttings were used as control. The cuttings were planted in three different rooting media: sand, neopeat and mix (containing a mixture of sand, soil and vermin-compost). The completely randomized design was used for the experiment. The total number of stem cuttings of Z. armatum used in the experiment was 1080 for 18 treatments in three replicates (20 cuttings per treatment x 18 treatments x 3 replicates). The experiment was set up in controlled greenhouse conditions at Dabur Nepal Private Limited Nursery, Banepa, Kavre District. The parameters evaluated were root length, shoot length and number of roots per cutting. The collected data were analyzed statistically using R-program with Agricola. Least significant difference (LSD) and Duncan multiple Range Test (DMRT), as mean separation technique was applied to identify the most efficient treatment in the rooting and shooting behavior of Z. armatum (Gomez and Gomez, 1984). Hormone concentration and growth media significantly affected the rooting and shooting ability of Z. armatum stem cuttings. IBA was found to be more effective than NAA. Neopeat medium was better than sand and mix media. The highest number of roots (6.5) and root length (11.6 cm) were recorded under IBA 5000 ppm in neopeat medium.

VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF CONIFERS: IV. EFFECTS OF CANE SUGAR, ETHYL MERCURIC PHOSPHATE, AND INDOLYLACETIC ACID IN TALC DUST ON THE ROOTING OF NORWAY SPRUCE

1940 ◽  
Vol 18c (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
N. H. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Organic Mercury ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Indolylacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthylacetic Acid

Norway spruce cuttings collected in November from the upper part of the tree were treated with a series of talc dusts containing indolylacetic and naphthylacetic acids, each at 0, 1000, and 5000 p.p.m., combined with cane sugar at 0 and 10%, and ethyl mercuric phosphate at 0 and 50 p.p.m., and propagated in a greenhouse. Indolylacetic acid at 1000 p.p.m. increased rooting by about 10% to 42.5%, three months after planting, but at 5000 p.p.m. reduced it significantly. Naphthylacetic acid reduced rooting at both concentrations. Indolylacetic acid increased the length of root per rooted cutting. Sugar in combination with indolylacetic acid inhibited the increase in root length caused by the hormone alone; organic mercury alone or in combination with indolylacetic acid reduced root length, but sugar and mercury in combination exerted no greater inhibition than either alone.Mean root length was affected only by indolylacetic acid, which increased it.

Effects of Prodiamine on Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) Rooting

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 736-740
Author(s):  
Sangwook Han ◽  
Thomas W. Fermanian ◽  
Thomas B. Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maximum Root Length ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
The Mean

With the increased development of new tall fescue cultivars used in turf, it is important to understand their individual response to herbicide treatment. The effect of prodiamine on tall fescue root dry weight and root length of selected tall fescue cultivars was studied in the greenhouse in 1.3-m-deep pots of calcined clay. Prodiamine at 0.8 kg ai/ha did not significantly affect either root dry weight or root length. However, the mean root dry weight and maximum root length averaged over all cultivars were significantly reduced at 4 wk after treatment with 1.7 kg/ha. When the prodiamine treatments were repeated in a second experiment, both rates caused a significant reduction in the mean root dry weight and maximum root length but there was no significant difference between prodiamine rates. Single degree of freedom contrasts between the untreated and treated turfs for each cultivar had some differential response in root dry weight. The reduction in root dry weight in the prodiamine treatments was more pronounced in the second study because the turf was less mature. ‘Olympic’ and ‘Rebel’ tall fescue had significantly reduced root dry weight at the 1.7 kg/ha rate in first study; whereas, ‘Amigo,’ Olympic, ‘Sundance,’ and ‘Taurus' tall fescue had significant reduction in root dry weight at both 0.8 and 1.7 kg/ha prodiamine rates. ‘Midnight’ Kentucky bluegrass had significantly reduced root length at both prodiamine rates in the second experiment but in general there was little difference among tall fescue cultivars treated with prodiamine.

VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF CONIFERS: II. EFFECTS OF NUTRIENT SOLUTION AND PHYTOHORMONE DUSTS ON THE ROOTING OF NORWAY SPRUCE CUTTINGS

1939 ◽  
Vol 17c (9) ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
N. H. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Marked Influence ◽  
Nutrient Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dust Treatment

Norway spruce cuttings were treated with phytohormone dusts, and nutrient solution was added to the sand in which some of the cuttings were planted. The nutrient treatment greatly increased the number of rooted cuttings and the number that developed new growth, and reduced the number that died. Although talc alone increased top growth, indolylacetic acid, present in three concentrations in talc, had no significant effect on the number of cuttings rooted or dead. However, the hormone dust treatment effected a significant reduction in the length of root per rooted cutting and the mean root length. The results indicate that nutrient salts may, under certain conditions, have a marked influence on the rooting and growth of Norway spruce cuttings.

scholarly journals Shading and IBA Treatment Do Not Improve Rooting of Stem Cuttings of Quercus phillyraeoides ‘Emerald Sentinel’

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-125
Author(s):  
Jason J. Griffin ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Thomas G. Ranney
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Quercus Phillyraeoides

Abstract Shoot tip cuttings of Quercus phillyraeoides A. Gray ‘Emerald Sentinel’ (‘Emerald Sentinel’ oak), in a transitional growth stage between softwood and semi-hardwood, were collected from containerized plants growing under uniform fertility on June 4, 1998. Cuttings were treated with talc formulations of indolebutyric acid (IBA), ranging from 0 to 8000 ppm (0.8%), and placed under intermittent mist with shade levels excluding 0%, 30%, 60% or 90% of full solar irradiance. After 14 weeks, percent rooting averaged 18% and was unaffected by either IBA concentration or shading regime. Similarly, both mean root number per rooted cutting and mean root length were unaffected by IBA concentration or shading. Roots per rooted cutting and mean root length averaged 2.6 and 41 mm (1.6 in), respectively. Results suggest that shading stem cuttings of ‘Emerald Sentinel’ during propagation does not affect rooting.

scholarly journals Hardwood Cutting Propagation of Confederate Rose Using Auxin and Wounding Treatments

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-478
Author(s):  
Eugene K. Blythe
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Cutting Propagation ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Hardwood Cutting ◽  
High Humidity Environment

Confederate rose (Hibiscus mutabilis), a native of southeastern China, is an old-fashioned, ornamental plant often found in older gardens in the southern United States. Current breeding programs aim at developing selections with improved garden performance, thus providing new cultivars for nursery production. Hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) zones 7 to 9, plants grow as large shrubs or small trees in warmer areas, but generally die back to a woody base or short trunk in colder areas of their range. Stems from the past growing season that remain on plants during the winter in the warmer regions may be used to prepare hardwood stem cuttings. The current study examined hardwood cutting propagation of confederate rose in response to a 1-second basal quick-dip in auxin [1000 ppm indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 3000 ppm IBA, 1000 ppm IBA + 500 ppm 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 3000 ppm IBA + 1500 ppm NAA] and a basal wound (along with 1000 ppm IBA only). Cuttings were rooted in a warm, high-humidity environment within a greenhouse. Auxin treatments improved overall rooting percentage and total root length, with 1000 ppm IBA (without and with a basal wound) providing the highest rooting percentages (about 70%) and nontreated cuttings the lowest (44%). A significant increase in total root length on rooted cuttings resulted with the use of 3000 ppm IBA (211 cm) and use of a basal wound plus 1000 ppm IBA (193 cm) compared with nontreated cuttings (87 cm). Auxin and wounding treatments did not have any significant inhibitory effects on budbreak and growth of new shoots on rooted cuttings.

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