VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF CONIFERS: II. EFFECTS OF NUTRIENT SOLUTION AND PHYTOHORMONE DUSTS ON THE ROOTING OF NORWAY SPRUCE CUTTINGS

1939 ◽  
Vol 17c (9) ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
N. H. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Marked Influence ◽  
Nutrient Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dust Treatment

Norway spruce cuttings were treated with phytohormone dusts, and nutrient solution was added to the sand in which some of the cuttings were planted. The nutrient treatment greatly increased the number of rooted cuttings and the number that developed new growth, and reduced the number that died. Although talc alone increased top growth, indolylacetic acid, present in three concentrations in talc, had no significant effect on the number of cuttings rooted or dead. However, the hormone dust treatment effected a significant reduction in the length of root per rooted cutting and the mean root length. The results indicate that nutrient salts may, under certain conditions, have a marked influence on the rooting and growth of Norway spruce cuttings.

VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF CONIFERS: IV. EFFECTS OF CANE SUGAR, ETHYL MERCURIC PHOSPHATE, AND INDOLYLACETIC ACID IN TALC DUST ON THE ROOTING OF NORWAY SPRUCE

1940 ◽  
Vol 18c (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
N. H. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Organic Mercury ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Indolylacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthylacetic Acid

Norway spruce cuttings collected in November from the upper part of the tree were treated with a series of talc dusts containing indolylacetic and naphthylacetic acids, each at 0, 1000, and 5000 p.p.m., combined with cane sugar at 0 and 10%, and ethyl mercuric phosphate at 0 and 50 p.p.m., and propagated in a greenhouse. Indolylacetic acid at 1000 p.p.m. increased rooting by about 10% to 42.5%, three months after planting, but at 5000 p.p.m. reduced it significantly. Naphthylacetic acid reduced rooting at both concentrations. Indolylacetic acid increased the length of root per rooted cutting. Sugar in combination with indolylacetic acid inhibited the increase in root length caused by the hormone alone; organic mercury alone or in combination with indolylacetic acid reduced root length, but sugar and mercury in combination exerted no greater inhibition than either alone.Mean root length was affected only by indolylacetic acid, which increased it.

VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF CONIFERS: I. ROOTING OF CUTTINGS TAKEN FROM THE UPPER AND LOWER REGIONS OF A NORWAY SPRUCE TREE

1939 ◽  
Vol 17c (6) ◽  
pp. 178-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Indolylacetic Acid ◽  
Rooting Of Cuttings ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Physiological Differences

Cuttings from the upper and lower regions of a Norway spruce tree were treated with talc only, and with talc containing 1000 p.p.m. indolylacetic acid. Ten weeks after being planted in sand, 43% of the upper and 75% of the lower cuttings were rooted. Hormone treatment increased the number of roots per rooted cutting but decreased the mean length of root. Lower cuttings produced twice the length of root of the upper cuttings, and the mean length of individual roots was also significantly greater. Nineteen weeks after being planted, the cuttings not rooted at 10 weeks were re-inspected, and gave final rooting values for the experiment of 48% for upper cuttings and 86% for lower. Physiological differences are consequently suggested in cuttings taken from the upper and lower regions.

scholarly journals Propagation of native plants with ornamental potential from Serra do Oratório, Santa Catarina State, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-305
Author(s):  
Fernanda Espíndola Assumpção Bastos ◽  
Fernanda Grimaldi ◽  
Aike Anneliese Kretzschmar ◽  
Leo Rufato
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Local Identity ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Rooted Cutting

Abstract The use of native plants enriches the landscape projects, conserves the local flora, creates a local identity and promotes the symbiosis between native fauna and flora. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the vegetative propagation of the native species Calibrachoa sellowiana, Tibouchina dubia and Verbena rigida, using cuttings submitted to different concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and substrates. From the stock plants, the cuttings were excised from the apex, with leaves number varying according to the species. In the propagation of Calibrachoa sellowiana, Tibouchina dubia and Verbena rigida under different concentrations of IBA, 4 treatments were carried out, consisting of IBA at concentrations of 0 mg L-1 (control), 500 mg L-1, 1000 mg L-1 and 2,000 mg L-1. In the propagation of Tibouchina dubia under different concentrations of NAA, the experiment was developed using four treatments, NAA was diluted in acetone + talc at concentrations of 0 mg L-1 (control), 2,000 mg L-1, 4,000 mg L-1 and 6,000 mg L-1. The evaluated variables for all the experiments were: percentage of rooted cuttings, number of roots per rooted cutting, average root length (cm) and number of shoots. In the substrate experiment, the treatments were sand, vermiculite, Plantmax® and mixture of soil + sand, for all the species from the previous experiments. Calibrachoa sellowiana and Verbena rigida, rooted with low concentration of IBA, 0 e 500 mg L-1, respectively, but the PGR was not essential to rooting phase, since the control also developed roots. For Tibouchina dubia the IBA and NAA did not promoted rooting. Calibrachoa sellowiana rooted better with soil + sand, differing from Verbena rigida, which rooted better with Plantmax®.

VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF CONIFERS: VII. OUTDOOR PROPAGATION OF A NOVEMBER COLLECTION OF NORWAY SPRUCE CUTTINGS TREATED WITH PHYTOHORMONES, CANE SUGAR, AND AN ORGANIC MERCURIAL DISINFECTANT

1940 ◽  
Vol 18c (11) ◽  
pp. 566-577
Author(s):  
N. H. Grace ◽  
J. L. Farrar ◽  
J. W. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Organic Mercury ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Indolylacetic Acid ◽  
Propagation Medium ◽  
Naphthylacetic Acid ◽  
Phytohormone Treatment

Dormant Norway spruce cuttings were collected in mid-November and treated with talc dusts containing two separate phytohormone chemicals, indolylacetic and naphthylacetic acids, in three concentrations, 0, 1000, and 5000 p.p.m., alone, and in combination with cane sugar and an organic mercurial disinfectant. Treated cuttings were planted immediately in outside frames in sand and a mixture of sand and peat in equal proportions. They were removed for examination 10 months later. Phytohormone treatment, except with the 5000 p.p.m. concentration of naphthylacetic acid, which was injurious, increased the number of cuttings rooted, the number and length of roots, the number of surviving cuttings, and the number of rooted cuttings with new growth. There were also marked effects on the initiation and development of new growth. The admixture of peat in the propagation medium improved rooting and development of new growth, particularly in certain of the phytohormone treatments. Only about 50% of the controls rooted in both sand and sand-peat, while the 5000 p.p.m. concentration of indolylacetic acid effected 68% rooting in sand and 82% in sand-peat.Both cane sugar and organic mercury significantly affected a number of the responses. However, the effects were comparatively small and depended, for the most part, on interactions with phytohormone treatments and media. Organic mercury increased the number of cuttings rooted by about 6%.

PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF A SERIES OF NAPHTHYL ACIDS

1939 ◽  
Vol 17c (8) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Lower Order ◽  
Homologous Series ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Noteworthy Feature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rooting Response

An homologous series of ω-naphthyl, aliphatic acids from the acetic to the hexoic has been presented to the author by Dr. R. H. Manske, and the physiological activity of these has been determined by the rooting response of plant cuttings treated with solutions of each. Statistically significant positive effects have been noted on the number of cuttings that rooted, the number and length of roots per rooted cutting, and the mean root length. The results with several plant species indicate that activity exists up to and including naphthyl hexoic acid, the highest member of the series tested. A noteworthy feature of the results is the activity of the acids with an even number of carbon atoms in the side chain; those with an odd number have activity of a lower order.

VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF CONIFERS: XI. EFFECTS OF TYPE OF CUTTING ON THE ROOTING OF NORWAY SPRUCE CUTTINGS

1942 ◽  
Vol 20c (2) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Farrar ◽  
N. H. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Third Order ◽  
First Order ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Better Than

Full length Norway spruce cuttings, with and without a heel of old wood, were collected from the lower part of the tree at semimonthly intervals from July to October and were propagated in several media in outside frames.Plain cuttings generally rooted better than cuttings with a heel of old wood, as judged by percentage rooted and the number and lengths of root. Heels, however, for'summer collections favoured survival and rooting in sand, and root length in sand–peat. In several experiments involving early spring collections propagated in sand, the presence or absence of heels had little effect on the responses of the cuttings.A late October collection involved six types of plain cuttings taken from the lower part of the tree and propagated in two different sand–peat media. In sedge peat medium there was little difference in the rooting of second order terminal, second order large lateral, second order small lateral, or third order lateral cuttings, the average rooting being 90%. Third order lateral cuttings showed an inferior development of new growth. The percentage of first order terminal cuttings rooted was 67%; these had markedly superior new growth development; when shortened, only 32% of such cuttings rooted. Irregular differences between the types of cutting occurred in the inferior sphagnum peat medium.

VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF CONIFERS: III. EFFECT OF MONTH OF COLLECTION ON THE ROOTING OF DORMANT NORWAY SPRUCE CUTTINGS

1939 ◽  
Vol 17c (11) ◽  
pp. 376-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indolylacetic Acid ◽  
Dust Treatment ◽  
Propagation Period

In a comparison of the rooting responses of cuttings of Norway spruce from upper branches, in which one lot was stored under snow from November until early April and the other collected in late March, there were statistically significant differences. After 12 weeks 38.9% of the November, and 20.7% of the March, cuttings were rooted or calloused. At the end of the propagation period 45.2% of the November, and 66.6% of the March, cuttings were dead. Indolylacetic acid dust treatment did not have a significant effect on the number of cuttings rooted or calloused; it did, however, increase the number that were dead at the end of the experiment.

scholarly journals Comparing Vegetative Propagation of Two ‘Schipkaensis’ Common Cherrylaurel Ploidy Levels

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Justin A. Schulze ◽  
Ryan N. Contreras ◽  
Carolyn F. Scagel
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
The United States ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Nursery Production

‘Schipkaensis’ common cherrylaurel (Prunus laurocerasus) is an important nursery crop across the United States. In our breeding efforts to reduce shot-hole symptoms and weediness, we have created chromosome doubled forms of this cultivar. Vegetative propagation is an important factor in nursery production, and we have found no studies that have looked at comparative adventitious rooting of stem cuttings using induced polyploids. The objective of this research was to determine if rooting ability varied between these two ploidy levels. Semihardwood stem cuttings from wild-type (22x) and polyploid (44x) ploidy levels were taken at the end of July 2015 and the beginning of July 2016. Cuttings were dipped in 1030 ppm (0.10%) indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 660 ppm (0.066%) 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) before being set in rooting substrate. After 1 month, cuttings were removed from substrate and data collected. Data included; rooting percentage, root number per rooted cutting, average root length, and total root length. In 2015, 88% of the cuttings from the 44x plants and 63% of the cuttings from the 22x plants rooted. In 2016, 100% of cuttings from both ploidy levels rooted. In both years, average root length and total root length were similar between ploidy levels; however, cuttings from 22x plants generally had more roots than those from 44x. Chromosome-doubled ‘Schipkaensis’ common cherrylaurel rooted effectively, and produce transplantable cuttings similar to the standard ploidy.

VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF CONIFERS: XIV. NOTE ON SEASONAL PROGRESS OF ROOTING OF NORWAY SPRUCE CUTTINGS

1945 ◽  
Vol 23c (6) ◽  
pp. 189-191
Author(s):  
N. H. Grace ◽  
J. L. Farrar
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Final Number ◽  
Final Value ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Dormant Norway spruce cuttings were placed in outdoor propagation frames in early November; 25% of the cuttings had callus formation by the end of the following June and 80% were rooted by mid-July. Percentage rooting increased gradually to the final average value of 95% in early September. In mid-July cuttings had initiated 72% of the final number of roots though there was a gradual increase until early September. Mean root length increased by over 400% during the 20 days from July 18 to Aug. 7, the subsequent rate of increase in root length fell to less than 50% for the following 23 days. By Sept. 23 root growth had ceased; 84% of the final value had been attained by the end of August.

PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF A SERIES OF INDOLYL ACIDS

1939 ◽  
Vol 17c (11) ◽  
pp. 373-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Indolylacetic Acid ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fresh Root

The physiological activity of a series of indolyl acids, from the acetic to the valeric, including 5-methyl-indolylpropionic, has been determined by the rooting responses of Lonicera tartarica cuttings treated with solutions of each. Indolylbutyric acid was the most active chemical, affecting the number and length of roots per rooted cutting, the mean root length, the green weight of leaves, and the fresh root weights. Indolylacetic acid had significant effects on the number and length of roots per rooted cutting. Slight activity was shown by indolylpropionic acid, but neither indolylvaleric acid nor 5-methyl-indolylpropionic showed any significant treatment effects. None of the acids affected the number of cuttings rooted.

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