STUDIES ON THE BIONOMICS AND CONTROL OF THE BURSATE NEMATODES OF HORSES AND SHEEP: VI. ON THE LETHAL EFFECTS OF SOME NITROGENOUS CHEMICALS ON THE FREE-LIVING STAGES OF SCLEROSTOMES

1939 ◽  
Vol 17d (3) ◽  
pp. 68-86
Author(s):  
I. W. Parnell
Keyword(s):  
Weak Solution ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Carbonate ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cupric Nitrate ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Medium Strength ◽  
And Control

The effect of ten chemicals, containing a nitrogen radicle, on the free-living stages of Sclerostomes is discussed. Chloropicrin is the most lethal chemical yet tested; under the conditions of these tests, one part of chloropicrin will sterilize approximately 2,300 times its weight of fresh faeces, but its disadvantages weigh against its practicability for farm use. Aniline will sterilize about 525 times its weight of fresh faeces when undiluted and 800 or 900 times its weight as a very weak solution. Calcium cyanide, whose value is also limited by its danger, will sterilize 530 times its weight of fresh faeces. Pyridine is slightly more effective when applied undiluted or as a strong or medium strength solution; it will then sterilize about 400 times its weight of fresh faeces. Ammonium carbonate will sterilize approximately 50 times its weight of fresh faeces. Ammonium chloride, cupric nitrate, and ammonium nitrate will sterilize approximately 30, 25, and 21 times their own weight of fresh faeces respectively. They are, however, more effective if applied as medium strength solutions, and cupric nitrate in lesser amounts causes the death of many larvae after they have reached the third stage, although the chemical was added to the fresh faeces. Ammonium sulphide, as a 15% solution, will sterilize nearly 14 times its weight of fresh faeces. Saponin probably has no lethal value against Sclerostomes chemically, although physically it may affect them.

STUDIES ON THE BIONOMICS AND CONTROL OF THE BURSATE NEMATODES OF HORSES AND SHEEP: IV. ON THE LETHAL EFFECTS OF SOME NITROGENOUS FERTILIZERS ON THE FREE-LIVING STAGES OF SCLEROSTOMES

1937 ◽  
Vol 15d (7) ◽  
pp. 127-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. W. Parnell
Keyword(s):  
Strong Solution ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Diammonium Phosphate ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Medium Strength ◽  
And Control

The effect of ten of the commoner nitrogenous fertilizers on the free-living stages of Sclerostomes, is discussed. Urea is the most lethal. Under the conditions of the experiments, which are otherwise ideal for the survival of the larvae, one part of urea to 125 parts of fresh horse feces is necessary to sterilize them. The proportions of the others tested are: Calurea, 1:80; powdered cyanamide, 1:50, with granular cyanamide slightly lower; potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate and Calnitro, 1:20; calcium nitrate and diammonium phosphate (dry or in medium strength solution) 1:17; Nitro-chalk, about 1:16 (but should not be used in strong solution); ammonium sulphate, 1:14.

STUDIES ON THE BIONOMICS AND CONTROL OF THE BURSATE NEMATODES OF HORSES AND SHEEP: VIII. COMPARISONS OF THE LETHAL EFFECTS OF SOME CHEMICALS CONTAINING SULPHUR ON THE FREE-LIVING STAGES OF SCLEROSTOMES

1940 ◽  
Vol 18d (11) ◽  
pp. 371-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. W. Parnell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Disulphide ◽  
Strong Solutions ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Zinc Sulphide ◽  
Ferric Sulphate ◽  
Sodium Sulphide ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Medium Strength ◽  
And Control

The effect on the free-living stages of sclerostomes of 14 common chemicals containing sulphur is discussed. Potassium xanthogenate in weak solution will sterilize about 160 times its weight of fresh faeces; in a strong solution, less than a quarter of the weight. Carbon disulphide will sterilize only about 32 times its weight under the conditions imposed by this technique. In solutions of medium strength the sulphates of zinc will sterilize 32 times, and those of iron (ferrous), copper, and manganese, 13 times their weight; lesser quantities, however, might be effective in practice, because the larvae from cultures so treated die comparatively rapidly after reaching the third stage. Dry ferric sulphate will sterilize 20 times its weight. Sodium sulphide, sodium sulphite, and sodium sulphate are all so ineffective that only when applied dry or as strong solutions are they lethal; they sterilized from eight to five times their weight. Magnesium sulphate will sterilize only four times and zinc sulphide twice its weight of fresh faeces. Ferrous sulphide and flowers of sulphur do not appear to have any lethal value, but the latter may, by controlling antagonistic factors, increase the chances of survival of the larvae.

The bionomics of the free-living larvae and the transmission of Dictyocaulus filaria between lambs in North-East England

1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Gallie ◽  
V. J. Nunns
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
North East ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Autumn And Winter

AbstractThe bionomics of the free-living larvae of Dictyocaulus filaria on pasture, and the transmission of infection between lambs, were studied during different seasons of the year m North-East England.The rate of development of first-stage larvae to the third stage took 4–9 days in late spring and summer, 1½–4 weeks in autumn and 5½–7 weeks in winter. The proportion of first-stage larvae developing to the third stage ranged from 10–28% in autumn and winter, and 2–25% in spring and summer. The rate of mortality of the third-stage larvae was approximately logarithmic in nature, although the survival time was shorter in spring and summer than in autumn and winter. Third-stage larvae were able to survive from autumn until the spring of the following year in sufficient numbers to perpetuate transmission but not to cause clinical disease.

STUDIES ON THE BIONOMICS AND CONTROL OF THE BURSATE NEMATODES OF HORSES AND SHEEP: VII. THE EFFECT OF SOME SUBSTANCES, USED IN THE CONTROL OF FARM AND HOUSEHOLD PESTS, ON THE FREE-LIVING STAGES OF SCLEROSTOMES

1939 ◽  
Vol 17d (9) ◽  
pp. 187-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. W. Parnell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Weak Solution ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Ferric Oxide ◽  
Trisodium Phosphate ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Very Weak Solution ◽  
And Control

The effect on the free-living stages of Sclerostomes caused by the addition to fresh horse faeces of some substances used in the control of household and farm pests, is discussed. Under the conditions of these experiments para- and orthodichlorbenzene will sterilize about 400 times their weight of faeces. Sodium fluoride will sterilize, on an average, approximately 150 times its weight of faeces, but it is almost twice as effective if applied as a very weak solution. Sodium silicofluoride, which also is most effective as a very weak solution, probably has an approximately equal value. Naphthalene, when mixed in the faeces, will sterilize about 270 times its own weight. Dichloropentanes will sterilize about 185 times their weight of faeces. 40% nicotine sulphate will, on an average, sterilize approximately 14 times its weight of faeces, but as a weak solution may be five or six times as effective. Ethylenedichloride, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride will sterilize about 21, 18 and 12 times their weight of faeces respectively. Trisodium phosphate will sterilize only about eight times its weight of faeces. Tobacco dust will probably sterilize slightly over twice its weight of faeces, but pyrethrum powder, derris powder and white hellebore powder have no lethal value. Ferric oxide and carbon monoxide also are useless.

scholarly journals ANTI-PROLAKTIN SEBAGAI PENGHAMBAT PROSES MOULTING

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Husni Anwar ◽  
Erma Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
And Control ◽  
One Way Anova

A experimental study had been done using anti-prolactin as moulting process inhibitor and toknow the affect of anti-prolactin on the time of egg laying recovery of laying bird. The objective of this study was to prove that, moulting phase can be stopped with pasif imunisation antiprolactin intra muscular. The stages of this study as follow: used anti-prolactin from the third stage of study with the dose of 50 mg/ml (P1), 100 mg/ml (P2), and 200 mg/ml (P3) and 0.5 ml PBS (as control). In this stage, moulting was ceased respectively in day 4.8 1.033 (P1); 4.6 0.843 (P2); 4.68 0.516 (P3) and 61.9 2.079 (control). Statistical test using one way Anova revealed significant difference (p < 0.01) between control and treatment groups, and BNT 5 percent test showed that the fastest moulting inhibition was found in P3 group (200 mg/ml), which was not significantly different (p less than 0.05) with P1 (50 mg/ml) and P2 (100 mg/ml). The time of egg laying recovery was respectively at 9.3 0.675 (PI); 7.4 0.843 (P2); 3.3 0.823 (P3) and 18.4 1.174 (control). Statistical test using one way Anova test showed significant difference (p less than 0.01) between control and treatment groups, and BNT 5 percent test indicated that the shortest time of egg laying recovery was at group P3 (200 mg/ml), which was significantly different (p less than 0.05) from Pl (50 mg/ml); P2 (100 mg/ml); and control (PBS 0.5 ml). Conclusively, anti prolactin (50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml and 200 mg/ml) to inhibit moulting process and to affect the time of egg laying recovery.

STUDIES ON THE BIONOMICS AND CONTROL OF THE BURSATE NEMATODES OF HORSES AND SHEEP: V. COMPARISONS OF THE LETHAL EFFECTS OF SOME NON-NITROGENOUS FERTILIZERS ON THE FREE-LIVING STAGES OF SCLEROSTOMES

1938 ◽  
Vol 16d (4) ◽  
pp. 73-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. W. Parnell
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basic Slag ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Fresh Feces ◽  
And Control ◽  
Muriate Of Potash

The effect on the free-living stages of sclerostomes of some non-nitrogenous artificial fertilizers, containing potash, phosphoric acid or calcium, is discussed. Of these fertilizers kainit has most practical advantages. Under the conditions of the experiments, which are otherwise ideal for the survival of the larvae, one part of kainit to 23 parts of fresh horse feces is necessary to sterilize them. The proportions in which the other fertilizers must be mixed are:—Muriate of potash 1:17, (potassium chloride, one of the main constituents of the previous fertilizer, is rather more lethal); carbonate of potash 1:13; sulphate of potash 1:5. Superphosphate (20%) sterilized when mixed at 1:5, and 16% superphosphate required 2:5. Basic slag and raw rock phosphate (Florida) had no sterilizing value. Lime, in spite of its reputation as a sterilizing agent for many pests has, when mixed with fresh feces, little effect on the free-living stages of sclerostomes.

The Coherence of Mary Barton: Romance, Realism, and Utopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Robert Z. Birdwell
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Carlyle ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Mode Of Production

Critics have argued that Elizabeth Gaskell's first novel, Mary Barton (1848), is split by a conflict between the modes of realism and romance. But the conflict does not render the novel incoherent, because Gaskell surpasses both modes through a utopian narrative that breaks with the conflict of form and gives coherence to the whole novel. Gaskell not only depicts what Thomas Carlyle called the ‘Condition of England’ in her work but also develops, through three stages, the utopia that will redeem this condition. The first stage is romantic nostalgia, a backward glance at Eden from the countryside surrounding Manchester. The second stage occurs in Manchester, as Gaskell mixes romance with a realistic mode, tracing a utopian drive toward death. The third stage is the utopian break with romantic and realistic accounts of the Condition of England and with the inadequate preceding conceptions of utopia. This third stage transforms narrative modes and figures a new mode of production.

Bankruptcy Model Construction and its Limitation in Input Data Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Dana Kubíčková ◽  
◽  
Vladimír Nulíček ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Model Construction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
One Year ◽  
The University ◽  
Multivariate Discriminant

The aim of the research project solved at the University of Finance and administration is to construct a new bankruptcy model. The intention is to use data of the firms that have to cease their activities due to bankruptcy. The most common method for bankruptcy model construction is multivariate discriminant analyses (MDA). It allows to derive the indicators most sensitive to the future companies’ failure as a parts of the bankruptcy model. One of the assumptions for using the MDA method and reassuring the reliable results is the normal distribution and independence of the input data. The results of verification of this assumption as the third stage of the project are presented in this article. We have revealed that this assumption is met only in a few selected indicators. Better results were achieved in the indicators in the set of prosperous companies and one year prior the failure. The selected indicators intended for the bankruptcy model construction thus cannot be considered as suitable for using the MDA method.

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