STUDIES ON THE BIONOMICS AND CONTROL OF THE BURSATE NEMATODES OF HORSES AND SHEEP: IV. ON THE LETHAL EFFECTS OF SOME NITROGENOUS FERTILIZERS ON THE FREE-LIVING STAGES OF SCLEROSTOMES

1937 ◽  
Vol 15d (7) ◽  
pp. 127-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. W. Parnell
Keyword(s):  
Strong Solution ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Diammonium Phosphate ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Medium Strength ◽  
And Control

The effect of ten of the commoner nitrogenous fertilizers on the free-living stages of Sclerostomes, is discussed. Urea is the most lethal. Under the conditions of the experiments, which are otherwise ideal for the survival of the larvae, one part of urea to 125 parts of fresh horse feces is necessary to sterilize them. The proportions of the others tested are: Calurea, 1:80; powdered cyanamide, 1:50, with granular cyanamide slightly lower; potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate and Calnitro, 1:20; calcium nitrate and diammonium phosphate (dry or in medium strength solution) 1:17; Nitro-chalk, about 1:16 (but should not be used in strong solution); ammonium sulphate, 1:14.

STUDIES ON THE BIONOMICS AND CONTROL OF THE BURSATE NEMATODES OF HORSES AND SHEEP: VI. ON THE LETHAL EFFECTS OF SOME NITROGENOUS CHEMICALS ON THE FREE-LIVING STAGES OF SCLEROSTOMES

1939 ◽  
Vol 17d (3) ◽  
pp. 68-86
Author(s):  
I. W. Parnell
Keyword(s):  
Weak Solution ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Carbonate ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cupric Nitrate ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Medium Strength ◽  
And Control

The effect of ten chemicals, containing a nitrogen radicle, on the free-living stages of Sclerostomes is discussed. Chloropicrin is the most lethal chemical yet tested; under the conditions of these tests, one part of chloropicrin will sterilize approximately 2,300 times its weight of fresh faeces, but its disadvantages weigh against its practicability for farm use. Aniline will sterilize about 525 times its weight of fresh faeces when undiluted and 800 or 900 times its weight as a very weak solution. Calcium cyanide, whose value is also limited by its danger, will sterilize 530 times its weight of fresh faeces. Pyridine is slightly more effective when applied undiluted or as a strong or medium strength solution; it will then sterilize about 400 times its weight of fresh faeces. Ammonium carbonate will sterilize approximately 50 times its weight of fresh faeces. Ammonium chloride, cupric nitrate, and ammonium nitrate will sterilize approximately 30, 25, and 21 times their own weight of fresh faeces respectively. They are, however, more effective if applied as medium strength solutions, and cupric nitrate in lesser amounts causes the death of many larvae after they have reached the third stage, although the chemical was added to the fresh faeces. Ammonium sulphide, as a 15% solution, will sterilize nearly 14 times its weight of fresh faeces. Saponin probably has no lethal value against Sclerostomes chemically, although physically it may affect them.

Experiments measuring effects of ammonium and nitrate fertilizers, with and without sodium and potassium, on spring barley

1967 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-207
Author(s):  
F. V. Widdowson ◽  
A. Penny ◽  
R. J. B. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Light Soil ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

1. Thirteen experiments were made with spring barley from 1963 to 1965 on soils overlying chalk. They compared yields at ear emergence and of ripe grain from ammonium sulphate and from calcium nitrate, from sodium nitrate or sodium chloride or both, and from potassium nitrate or potassium chloride. Two rates of seedbed N were tested, though they were different each year, and in 1964 and 1965 N top-dressings were also applied. The amounts of N, K, Na and Mg in the green barley, and of N in the grain, were measured.greatly increased grain yields in all but one experiment, where the barley followed sugar beet. Calcium nitrate gave larger grain yields than ammonium sulphate in three-quarters of the comparisons, but gave much smaller yields than ammonium sulphate on one light soil in 1964 when much rain fell after the fertilizers had been applied. Grain yields from calcium, potassium and sodium nitrates were nearly the same.3. Na slightly increased grain yields in three and K in two experiments, but combine-drilled P or PK fertilizers increased them in every experiment.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF NITROGEN SOURCE, RATE, AND APPLICATION FREQUENCY ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF ONION

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 490h-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. Batal
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Cold Injury ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Source Rate ◽  
Application Frequency

Commercial N fertilizer formulations, ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrates (15-0-14 and 13-0-44) applied at 84 and 168 kg N/ha in 3 or 5 split applications did not affect total marketable yield of dry onion. Application frequencies causing an increase in total amount of N applied during the spring months (Feb.-Apr.) increased marketable yield by 5 MT/ha. Bulb decay was the highest when ammonium nitrate was applied, whereas the least number of decayed bulbs resulted from sodium nitrate applications. Plants grown with potassium nitrate (13-0-44) were most susceptible to cold injury. Ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate applications produced the highest percentage of onions that bolted. The lowest percentage of plants showing bolting incidence resulted from calcium nitrate applications. Bolting of onions was closely associated with rapid growth and increased onion size. However, cold injury and bulb decay were not influenced by these growth factors.

STUDIES ON THE BIONOMICS AND CONTROL OF THE BURSATE NEMATODES OF HORSES AND SHEEP: VIII. COMPARISONS OF THE LETHAL EFFECTS OF SOME CHEMICALS CONTAINING SULPHUR ON THE FREE-LIVING STAGES OF SCLEROSTOMES

1940 ◽  
Vol 18d (11) ◽  
pp. 371-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. W. Parnell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Disulphide ◽  
Strong Solutions ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Zinc Sulphide ◽  
Ferric Sulphate ◽  
Sodium Sulphide ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Medium Strength ◽  
And Control

The effect on the free-living stages of sclerostomes of 14 common chemicals containing sulphur is discussed. Potassium xanthogenate in weak solution will sterilize about 160 times its weight of fresh faeces; in a strong solution, less than a quarter of the weight. Carbon disulphide will sterilize only about 32 times its weight under the conditions imposed by this technique. In solutions of medium strength the sulphates of zinc will sterilize 32 times, and those of iron (ferrous), copper, and manganese, 13 times their weight; lesser quantities, however, might be effective in practice, because the larvae from cultures so treated die comparatively rapidly after reaching the third stage. Dry ferric sulphate will sterilize 20 times its weight. Sodium sulphide, sodium sulphite, and sodium sulphate are all so ineffective that only when applied dry or as strong solutions are they lethal; they sterilized from eight to five times their weight. Magnesium sulphate will sterilize only four times and zinc sulphide twice its weight of fresh faeces. Ferrous sulphide and flowers of sulphur do not appear to have any lethal value, but the latter may, by controlling antagonistic factors, increase the chances of survival of the larvae.

Side-placing urea and other nitrogen fertilizers for spring barley

1964 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. V. Widdowson ◽  
A. Penny ◽  
R. J. B. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers

1. Laboratory experiments compared alternative ways of placing urea for wheat. Urea greatly increased the pH in the seed-row; placed in contact with seeds, it killed many plants, but did not when placed 1 in. to the side of the seed.2. A combine-drill was modified so that, by simple adjustments, fertilizers could be placed in contact with the seed, or at 1 in. to the side of the seed, or broadcast over the seed-bed.3. Fifteen experiments with spring barley and one with spring wheat, made from 1960–62, compared yields from urea with yields from ammonium sulphate; calcium nitrate and sodium nitrate were tested in seven and in six experiments, respectively.

STUDIES ON THE BIONOMICS AND CONTROL OF THE BURSATE NEMATODES OF HORSES AND SHEEP: V. COMPARISONS OF THE LETHAL EFFECTS OF SOME NON-NITROGENOUS FERTILIZERS ON THE FREE-LIVING STAGES OF SCLEROSTOMES

1938 ◽  
Vol 16d (4) ◽  
pp. 73-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. W. Parnell
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basic Slag ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Fresh Feces ◽  
And Control ◽  
Muriate Of Potash

The effect on the free-living stages of sclerostomes of some non-nitrogenous artificial fertilizers, containing potash, phosphoric acid or calcium, is discussed. Of these fertilizers kainit has most practical advantages. Under the conditions of the experiments, which are otherwise ideal for the survival of the larvae, one part of kainit to 23 parts of fresh horse feces is necessary to sterilize them. The proportions in which the other fertilizers must be mixed are:—Muriate of potash 1:17, (potassium chloride, one of the main constituents of the previous fertilizer, is rather more lethal); carbonate of potash 1:13; sulphate of potash 1:5. Superphosphate (20%) sterilized when mixed at 1:5, and 16% superphosphate required 2:5. Basic slag and raw rock phosphate (Florida) had no sterilizing value. Lime, in spite of its reputation as a sterilizing agent for many pests has, when mixed with fresh feces, little effect on the free-living stages of sclerostomes.

scholarly journals Pollen Germination in Different Genotypes of Gladiolus

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Tul Bahadur Poon ◽  
TM Rao ◽  
C Aswath ◽  
PE Rajasekharan ◽  
DP Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Magnesium Sulphate ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Hybrid Selection ◽  
Fresh Pollen ◽  
Sterile Pollen ◽  
Germinated Pollen

Fresh pollen of 16 promising genotypes of gladiolus was tested for their pollen viability. Modified cellophane method was employed to assess the pollen viability. Pollen germination media consisted of 15% sucrose supplemented with 300 ppm calcium nitrate, 200 ppm magnesium sulphate, 100 ppm potassium nitrate and 100 ppm boric acid. Highly significant variations were observed for percentage of pollen germination, non-germinated pollen and sterile pollen. The highest pollen germination (76.41%) was in genotype Hybrid selection 88-10-22, and did not differ significantly from Gladiolus callianthus (75.41%), Sapna (75.10 %), Hybrid selection 86-32-11, (73.28 %), Kum Kum (69.41%), Poonam (69.22 %), Hybrid selection 87-22-1 (67.87 %), Hybrid selection 87-1-1 (67.61 %), Psittacinus hybrid (64.64%) and Darshan (63.97%). The lowest non- germinated pollen (10.47%) was in genotype Gladiolus callianthus, and insignificantly followed by Hybrid selection 88-10-22 with 18.77 % and Hybrid selection 87-22-1 with 18.95 %. The lowest percentage of sterile pollen was noticed in genotype Sapna (2.82%) followed by Poonam with 4.00 % Hybrid selection 88-10-22 with 4.82% and Hybrid selection 82-11-27 with 5.22%. Key words: Gladiolus; germination; pollen DOI: 10.3126/njst.v11i0.4089Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 11 (2010) 47-50

Thermoelectric Studies of Silver Nitrate in Sodium Nitrate – Potassium Nitrate Eutectic Melt

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 2044-2047
Author(s):  
L. G. Boxall ◽  
K. E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Seebeck Coefficient ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Silver Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Eutectic Melt

The Seebeck coefficient, εT, of the thermocell Ag(T)/AgNO3 in NaNO3 − KNO3/Ag (T + ΔT) was measured as a function of silver nitrate concentration and temperature. Extrapolation of the results to unit mole fraction, N, of AgNO3 gave the value εT0 = − 277.5 − 0.136T °C (µV deg−1).For several mixed melts of AgNO3 and an alkali nitrate the function [Formula: see text] was calculated and shown to be linear in N. P was extrapolated to finite values for the pure alkali nitrates.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document