THE EFFECT OF MECHANICAL SEED INJURY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOOT ROT IN CEREALS

1933 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Machacek ◽  
F. J. Greaney
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Seedling Blight

Greenhouse and field experiments have shown that the use of mechanically injured seed promotes the development of seedling blight and foot rot caused by Fusarium culmorum in cereals, thereby retarding the growth of the plants and decreasing yield.

EVALUATION OF SPRING BARLEYS FOR REACTION TO Fusarium culmorum SEEDLING BLIGHT AND ROOT ROT

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM E. GREY ◽  
DONALD E. MATHRE
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Mature Plant ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Plant Emergence

The effects of Fusarium seedling blight and root rot, caused by Fusarium culmorum, on plant emergence, harvestable tillers, grain yield and disease reaction in 12 spring barley cultivars were studied in greenhouse and field experiments at Bozeman, Mt. in 1984 and 1985. Atomization of F. culmorum macroconidia onto seed increased disease severity in greenhouse seedlings and mature plants in the field as compared with noninoculated seed. In the inoculated treatments the mean disease rating, based upon the extent of discoloration of the seedling coleoptile or the mature plant subcrown internode, differentiated resistant and susceptible two- and six-rowed cultivars. Among the 12 cultivars, seedling and mature plant disease reactions were not correlated. In 1985 field tests, F. culmorum inoculation reduced the plant emergence of all two-rowed, but only one six-rowed cultivar. Plant emergence in 1985 field tests was negatively correlated with greenhouse seedling and field mature plant disease reactions. To remove the effects of stand reduction by inoculation and determine the subsequent effect of infection on grain yield, the plant stand of a control treatment was hand-thinned to equal that of the inoculated treatment. Generally, F. culmorum inoculation had no effect on harvestable tillers or grain yield when compared with the hand-thinned control. The ease with which seed can be inoculated with the pathogen makes this technique a useful tool in evaluating the ability of a genotype to compensate for stand reduction and to tolerate root rot infection.Key words: Disease tolerance, dryland root rot

Management strategies to reduce losses caused by fusarium seedling blight of field pea

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Chang ◽  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
H. U. Ahmed ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
G. D. Turnbull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Fusarium Seedling Blight ◽  
Disease Pressure

Chang, K. F., Hwang, S. F., Ahmed, H. U., Gossen, B. D., Turnbull, G. D. and Strelkov, S. E. 2013. Management strategies to reduce losses caused by fusarium seedling blight of field pea. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 619–625. Fusarium seedling blight can cause substantial reductions in the stand density of field pea in western Canada. In greenhouse experiments, emergence decreased and root rot severity rose with increasing inoculum density. In field trials in 2007 and 2008 near Edmonton, AB, seeding at different depths and seeding dates did not consistently affect emergence or yield in Fusarium-infested soils. In field experiments, emergence declined significantly with each increase in inoculum level. Also, seed yield were reduced at high levels of disease pressure. Treatment of seed with Apron Maxx improved emergence, nodulation and yield of treatments challenged with inoculum of F. avenaceum in both greenhouse and field experiments. This research demonstrates the need to prevent seedling blight and root rot through proper seed treatment.

Gibberella zeae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Water Droplets ◽  
Ascospore Discharge ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract A description is provided for Gibberella zeae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Wheat, maize, barley, carnations and other ornamentals; also reported infecting Lycopersicon, Pisum, Trifolium and Solanum DISEASE: Seedling blight, pre-emergence and post-emergence blight, root and foot rot, brown rot, culm decay, head or kernel blight (scab or ear scab) of wheat, maize, barley and other cereals. Leaf and flower rot of carnations and other ornamentals. Also reported infecting species of Lycopersicon, Pisum, Trifolium and Solanum. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide on maize and rice in the tropics. Wheat, oats, barley and rye in temperate regions. TRANSMISSION: By planting infected or infested seeds or by planting in infested soil. Secondary infection occurs widely by water droplets under moist conditions or by ascospore discharge.

Investigations in crop husbandry. III. Effect of time of application of sulphate of ammonia to wheat

1936 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Garner ◽  
H. G. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Poor Condition ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Gravelly Soil ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Crop Husbandry

1. Over a period of six years seven field experiments were carried out to study the effect of the time of application of sulphate of ammonia to autumn-sown wheat.2. Three experiments were located on light gravelly soil which had been farmed highly for some years, and in those three cases sulphate of ammonia decreased yield, irrespective of time of application; the reduction in yield was of the order of 10 per cent. and is ascribed to more lodging and greater incidence of “foot-rot”.3. Three experiments were located on heavy clay soil in poor condition; in these sulphate of ammonia gave percentage increases in yield of 18, 20 and 7.4. Evidence is produced that early dressings of sulphate of ammonia do not affect germination or plant establishment, but that they tend to increase tiller formation by the end of February.

scholarly journals Yield and quality of two hulless barley varieties after inoculation with Fusarium culmorum

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Ivana Políšenská ◽  
Kateřina Vaculová ◽  
Ondřej Jirsa ◽  
Irena Sedláčková ◽  
Jan Frydrych
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Hulless Barley ◽  
Yield And Quality

The effect of F. culmorum inoculation on the yield and quality of grain of AF Cesar and AF Lucius barley varieties was monitored. Field experiments were conducted between 2015-2017 at two locations. In grain harvested from plots grown under natural infection conditions, the deoxynivalenol content was very low. Inoculation caused a decline in germination, a certain reduction in yield and a change in some qualitative parameters (reduction in protein and fiber content, increase in starch content), but the effect of inoculation was weak and significantly influenced by the environment and the variety. The β-glucan content was not affected by inoculation. The varieties differed significantly from each other in β-glucan content (AF Cesar > AF Lucius). The deoxynivalenol content of both varieties was comparable after the inoculation while it differed under conditions of the natural infection (AF Cesar < AF Lucius).

STUDIES ON THE CONTROL OF ROOT-ROT DISEASES OF CEREALS: IV. INFLUENCE OF MECHANICAL SEED INJURY ON INFECTION BY FUSARIUM CULMORUM IN WHEAT

1936 ◽  
Vol 14c (12) ◽  
pp. 438-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Machacek ◽  
F. J. Greaney
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Fusarium Root Rot ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Made In ◽  
Experimentally Induced

The results of field experiments made in 1932, 1933, and 1934, to determine the effect of mechanical seed injury on the incidence of root rot caused by Fusarium culmorum and on yield in wheat are presented.Successful positive attacks of Fusarium root rot were experimentally induced in field plots. The tests showed that reduced emergence, increased root rot, and reduced yield uniformly followed the planting of injured wheat seed; and that the amount of disease increased and the yield decreased with an increase in the degree of seed injury. In these experiments Mindum and Marquis wheat seemed equally affected by seed injury.The investigation suggests that the large annual losses in yield caused by root-rot diseases of cereals in Western Canada may be substantially reduced by sowing clean, vigorous, sound seed.

Setosphaeria rostrata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Anahosur
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Leaf Spots

Abstract A description is provided for Setosphaeria rostrata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On graminicolous hosts and on Amaryllis, Carica, Cucumis, Jasminum, Nicotiana and from soil. DISEASE: Causes leaf spots, foot rot of wheat (56, 2446), seedling blight of Cynodon (46, 2051), leaf blight of Eleusine (46, 1263), damping-off of sugarcane seedlings (50, 1562l), stalk rot (53, 2167) and ear rot of maize, blackening of seeds and seed germination failure (34, 91; 51, 2435). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Mauritius, Nigeria, S. Africa, Sudan); Asia (China, India, Israel, Pakistan); Central America (Puerto Rico); Europe (Denmark); North America (USA). TRANSMISSION: The fungus is soil-borne and can survive saprophytically for a long period (43, 398). Also seed transmissible (51, 2435). Conidia are produced abundantly in moist conditions and are dispersed by wind and rain, and act as a source of primary infection. Many grasses and weeds act as collateral hosts (39, 321).

scholarly journals Altered trichothecene biosynthesis in TRI6-silenced transformants of Fusarium culmorum influences the severity of crown and foot rot on durum wheat seedlings

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 759-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARBARA SCHERM ◽  
MARCELLA ORRÙ ◽  
VIRGILIO BALMAS ◽  
FRANCESCA SPANU ◽  
EMANUELA AZARA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Wheat Seedlings

STUDIES ON FUSARIUM CULMORUM BLIGHT OF CRESTED WHEAT AND BROME GRASS SEEDLINGS

1947 ◽  
Vol 25c (5) ◽  
pp. 155-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Slykhuis
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Characteristic Change ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Unsterilized Soil ◽  
Brome Grass ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Different Soils

A number of pathogenic fungi were isolated from blighted brome grass and crested wheat grass seedlings grown in Saskatchewan and Ontario soils. The parasitism of one of the widely distributed and commonly occurring of these, Fusarium culmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc, was studied in more detail.One per cent of F. culmorum sand–cornmeal inoculum caused more blight of brome grass seedlings in sterilized soil than did 6% in unsterilized soil. The development of F. culmorum in sterilized soil was optimum at 25 °C. and declined rapidly with rising and more slowly with falling temperatures. Seedling blight was severe in sterilized soil at all temperatures from 10° to 35 °C., but was significantly more severe near the optimum for the fungus provided the soil was not infested too heavily. In unsterilized soil, however, both the development of F. culmorum and the incidence of seedling blight were much greater at 10 to 20 °C. than at 25 °C. and higher, whereas other soil fungi and bacteria were more numerous at 25° C. and above than at the lower temperatures.An infusion of unsterilized soil, a suspension of miscellaneous soil bacteria, and a mixture of 75 soil fungi suppressed the development of F. culmorum in sterilized soil, and also caused reductions in seedling blight. Of 136 soil fungi tested, only three reduced fusarial blight in sterilized soil. These antagonistic fungi included isolates of Acremonium, Gliocladium fimbnatum Gilman and Abbott, and Phialophora. Their ability to reduce disease incidence was not consistently correlated with the production of toxic filtrates, or the inhibition of F. culmorum in culture or in the soil but it was related to the effect they had on the development of F. culmorum in the environment in the immediate vicinity of the germinating seeds. This zone within which the germinating seed induces a characteristic change in the microbiological balance is designated as the 'spermatosphere'.Disease incidence varied among different unsterilized field soils uniformly infested with F. culmorum and in these experiments was more severe in clay than in the soils of lighter texture. There was no consistent correlation between the suppression of blight and the numbers of fungi, bacteria, or actmomycetes in the different soils, but there was a correlation with the numbers of bacteria in the spermatosphere.

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