STUDIES ON FUSARIUM CULMORUM BLIGHT OF CRESTED WHEAT AND BROME GRASS SEEDLINGS

1947 ◽  
Vol 25c (5) ◽  
pp. 155-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Slykhuis
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Characteristic Change ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Unsterilized Soil ◽  
Brome Grass ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Different Soils

A number of pathogenic fungi were isolated from blighted brome grass and crested wheat grass seedlings grown in Saskatchewan and Ontario soils. The parasitism of one of the widely distributed and commonly occurring of these, Fusarium culmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc, was studied in more detail.One per cent of F. culmorum sand–cornmeal inoculum caused more blight of brome grass seedlings in sterilized soil than did 6% in unsterilized soil. The development of F. culmorum in sterilized soil was optimum at 25 °C. and declined rapidly with rising and more slowly with falling temperatures. Seedling blight was severe in sterilized soil at all temperatures from 10° to 35 °C., but was significantly more severe near the optimum for the fungus provided the soil was not infested too heavily. In unsterilized soil, however, both the development of F. culmorum and the incidence of seedling blight were much greater at 10 to 20 °C. than at 25 °C. and higher, whereas other soil fungi and bacteria were more numerous at 25° C. and above than at the lower temperatures.An infusion of unsterilized soil, a suspension of miscellaneous soil bacteria, and a mixture of 75 soil fungi suppressed the development of F. culmorum in sterilized soil, and also caused reductions in seedling blight. Of 136 soil fungi tested, only three reduced fusarial blight in sterilized soil. These antagonistic fungi included isolates of Acremonium, Gliocladium fimbnatum Gilman and Abbott, and Phialophora. Their ability to reduce disease incidence was not consistently correlated with the production of toxic filtrates, or the inhibition of F. culmorum in culture or in the soil but it was related to the effect they had on the development of F. culmorum in the environment in the immediate vicinity of the germinating seeds. This zone within which the germinating seed induces a characteristic change in the microbiological balance is designated as the 'spermatosphere'.Disease incidence varied among different unsterilized field soils uniformly infested with F. culmorum and in these experiments was more severe in clay than in the soils of lighter texture. There was no consistent correlation between the suppression of blight and the numbers of fungi, bacteria, or actmomycetes in the different soils, but there was a correlation with the numbers of bacteria in the spermatosphere.

scholarly journals Using Commercial Compost as Control Measures against Cucumber Root-Rot Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamel Kamal Sabet ◽  
Magdy Mohamed Saber ◽  
Mohamed Adel-Aziz El-Naggar ◽  
Nehal Samy El-Mougy ◽  
Hatem Mohamed El-Deeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Cucumber Root

Five commercial composts were evaluated to suppress the root-rot pathogens (Fusarium solani (Mart.) App. and Wr, Pythium ultimum Trow, Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, and Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) of cucumber plants under in vitro and greenhouse conditions. In vitro tests showed that all tested unautoclaved and unfiltrated composts water extracts (CWEs) had inhibitor effect against pathogenic fungi, compared to autoclaved and filtrated ones. Also, the inhibitor effects of 40 bacteria and 15 fungi isolated from composts were tested against the mycelial growth of cucumber root-rot pathogens. Twenty two bacteria and twelve fungal isolates had antagonistic effect against root-rot pathogens. The antagonistic fungal isolates were identified as 6 isolates belong to the genus Aspergillus spp., 5 isolates belong to the genus Penicillium spp. and one isolate belong to the genus Chaetomium spp. Under greenhouse conditions, the obtained results in pot experiment using artificial infested soil with cucumber root-rot pathogens showed that the compost amended soil reduced the percentage of disease incidence, pathogenic fungi population, and improved the cucumber vegetative parameters as shoot length, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight. These results suggested that composts are consequently considered as control measure against cucumber root-rot pathogens.

scholarly journals Black Root Rot Caused by Thielaviopsis basicola on Lettuce in California

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 1368-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Koike
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Thielaviopsis Basicola ◽  
Black Root Rot ◽  
Iceberg Lettuce ◽  
Salinas Valley

In 2005 and 2006, field-grown iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in California's coastal Salinas Valley (Monterey County) was affected by a previously unreported disease. Symptoms were observed on iceberg lettuce at the post-thin rosette stage (8 to 12 leaves). Plants were stunted and slightly chlorotic. Fine feeder roots had numerous, small (4 to 8 mm long), elongated, dark brown-to-black lesions. Larger secondary roots and taproots lacked lesions. No vascular discoloration was present. Isolations from root lesions consistently resulted in gray fungal colonies that formed catenulate, cylindrical, thin-walled, hyaline endoconidia and catenulate, subrectangular, thick-walled, dark aleuriospores. The fungus was identified as Thielaviopsis basicola (2). Conidial suspensions (5.0 × 105) of eight isolates from iceberg lettuce were used for pathogenicity tests. Iceberg cv. Ponderosa and romaine cv. Winchester were grown for 3 weeks in soilless peat moss rooting mix. Roots of 20 plants per cultivar were washed free of the rooting mix and soaked in conidial suspensions for 5 min. Plants were repotted and grown in a greenhouse. Control plant roots were soaked in sterile distilled water (SDW). After 3 weeks, inoculated iceberg exhibited slight chlorosis in comparison with control plants. Feeder roots of all iceberg plants inoculated with the eight isolates exhibited numerous black lesions and T. basicola was reisolated from these roots. Romaine lettuce, however, did not show any foliar symptoms. Small segments of roots had tan-to-light brown discoloration and T. basicola was occasionally reisolated (approximately 40% recovery). Roots of control iceberg and romaine showed no symptoms. Results were similar when this experiment was repeated. To explore the host range of T. basicola recovered from lettuce, two isolates were prepared and inoculated as described above onto 12 plants each of the following: iceberg lettuce (cv. Ponderosa), bean (cv. Blue Lake), broccoli (cv. Patriot), carrot (cv. Long Imperator #58), celery (cv. Conquistador), cotton (cv. Phy-72 Acala), cucumber (cv. Marketmore 76), green bunching onion (cv. Evergreen Bunching), parsley (cv. Moss Curled), pepper (cv. California Wonder 300 TMR), radish (cv. Champion), spinach (cvs. Bolero and Bossanova), and tomato (cv. Beefsteak). Control plant roots of all cultivars were soaked in SDW. After 4 weeks, only lettuce and bean roots had extensive brown-to-black lesions, from which the pathogen was consistently resiolated. Roots of cotton, pepper, spinach, and tomato had sections of light brown-to-orange discoloration; the pathogen was not consistently recovered from these sections. All other species and the control plants were symptomless. This experiment was repeated with similar results except that inoculated peppers were distinctly stunted compared with control plants. To my knowledge, this is the first report of black root rot caused by T. basicola on lettuce in California. Disease was limited to patches along edges of iceberg lettuce fields; disease incidence in these discrete patches reached as high as 35%. Affected plants continued to grow but remained stunted in relation to unaffected plants and were not harvested. Black root rot of lettuce has been reported in Australia (1); that report also showed that lettuce cultivars vary in susceptibility to T. basicola and isolates from lettuce were highly aggressive on bean but not on many other reported hosts of this pathogen. References: (1) R. G. O'Brien and R. D. Davis. Australas. Plant Pathol. 23:106, 1994. (2) C. V. Subramanian. No. 170 in: Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. CMI, Kew, Surrey, UK, 1968.

scholarly journals Root and Basal Rot of Leek Caused by Fusarium culmorum in California

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Koike ◽  
T. R. Gordon ◽  
B. J. Aegerter
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Allium Porrum ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Allium Species ◽  
Basal Rot ◽  
Field Samples

In 1999 and 2000, greenhouse-grown leek (Allium porrum) transplants produced in coastal California (Monterey County) developed a root and basal rot. Affected roots were initially gray and water soaked in appearance and later became pink, soft, and rotted. Basal plates were also affected, becoming water soaked and rotted. Severely affected transplants grew poorly and had chlorotic older leaves; many of these plants collapsed. Disease incidence varied greatly, though some transplant plantings had more than 50% disease. Similar symptoms were found in commercial, field-planted leek crops in the same region. The problem caused significant economic loss to transplant producers because of the loss of plants and the reduction in quality of surviving infected plants. Isolations from transplant and field samples consistently recovered a Fusarium species from both root and basal plate tissues. Single-spore subcultures were grown on carnation leaf agar and incubated under fluorescent light. All isolates produced abundant macroconidia that were stout, thick walled, and had prominent septa. Foot cells were indistinct to slightly notched. Conidiophores were monophialidic. Microconidia were absent and chlamydospores were present. Colonies on potato dextrose agar produced abundant, dense, white, aerial mycelium. The undersurface of these cultures was carmine red. Based on these features, all isolates were identified as Fusarium culmorum. To confirm the identification, a partial sequence (645 bp) of the translation elongation factor (EF-1α) was obtained for one isolate using primers EF-1 and EF-2 (2). The EF-1α sequence from the leek isolate was identical to that of two F. culmorum isolates in Genbank (Accession Nos. AF212462 and AF212463). The next closest match was F. cerealis, which differed from the leek isolate at six nucleotide positions. To test pathogenicity of the leek isolates of F. culmorum, we prepare inocula of four isolates from transplants and three isolates from field plants. A conidial suspension (1 × 105 conidia/ml) of each isolate was applied to the roots of 3-month-old potted leek (cvs. Autumn Giant, Blauwgroene, and Cisco). For the control treatment, leek plants were treated with water. All plants were maintained in a greenhouse at 25°C. After 1 month, inoculated plants showed foliar and root symptoms similar to those observed on the original samples. F. culmorum was reisolated from these symptomatic plants. Control plants did not develop symptoms. Using the same procedures, the seven isolates were inoculated onto other Allium species, but did not cause any symptoms on shallot (A. cepa var. ascalonicum) or eight cultivars of onion (A. cepa). Two of the seven isolates caused slight root symptoms on garlic (A. sativum). All experiments were conducted two times and the results of both tests were similar. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a root and basal rot of leek in California caused by F. culmorum. The occurrence of this disease on transplants grown in a soilless rooting medium and on raised benches in enclosed greenhouses provides circumstantial evidence that the pathogen could possibly be seedborne. This disease was reported recently in Spain (1). References: (1) J. Armengol et al. Plant Dis. 85:679, 2001. (2) K. O'Donnell et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95:2044, 1998.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on the Activity of Phycobiliproteins against Botrytis cinerea

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 600
Author(s):  
Hillary Righini ◽  
Ornella Francioso ◽  
Michele Di Foggia ◽  
Antera Martel Quintana ◽  
Roberta Roberti
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Ft Raman

Phycobiliproteins (PBPs) are proteins of cyanobacteria and some algae such as rhodophytes. They have antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory activity at the human level, but there is a lack of knowledge on their antifungal activity against plant pathogens. We studied the activity of PBPs extracted from Arthrospiraplatensis and Hydropuntiacornea against Botrytiscinerea, one of the most important worldwide plant-pathogenic fungi. PBPs were characterized by using FT-IR and FT-Raman in order to investigate their structures. Their spectra differed in the relative composition in the amide bands, which were particularly strong in A. platensis. PBP activity was tested on tomato fruits against gray mold disease, fungal growth, and spore germination at different concentrations (0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, and 4.8 mg/mL). Both PBPs reduced fruit gray mold disease. A linear dose–response relationship was observed for both PBPs against disease incidence and H. cornea against disease severity. Pathogen mycelial growth and spore germination were reduced significantly by both PBPs. In conclusion, PBPs have the potential for being also considered as natural compounds for the control of fungal plant pathogens in sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Host Range and Alternate Host of a Puccinia coronata Population from Smooth Brome Grass

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Delgado ◽  
C. R. Grau ◽  
M. D. Casler
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Brome Grass

A rust fungus was observed on smooth brome grass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) leaves growing in the fields of the University of Wisconsin (UW) Agricultural Research Station at Arlington, WI. The population (WPc-95A) was classified as Puccinia coronata Corda. Reports of P. coronata on B. inermis are rare, so a study of the pathogen host range, alternate host, and morphology of urediniospores and teliospores was undertaken. Fourteen grass species representing 10 genera were inoculated with P. coronata WPc-95A, which was maintained with repeated inoculations on B. inermis cv. PL-BDR1. Seventy-two 30-day-old seedlings of B. inermis were inoculated with urediniospores of the fungus. Infection type, pustule density, and disease incidence were recorded 15 days after inoculation. The same grass cultivars were also inoculated with aecio-spores collected from Rhamnus cathartica L. located on the UW campus. To test for host specificity, urediniospores produced on aeciospore-susceptible grass species were used to reinoculate plants of B. inermis and the host species from which the urediniospores were derived. B. inermis, B. riparius Rehm., Festuca pratensis Huds., and Lolium perenne L. were susceptible to P. coronata WPc-95A. The two Bromus spp. had the highest disease incidence. R. cathartica was found to be an alternate host of P. coronata WPc-95A, as it is for P. coronata isolates found on F. pratensis. However, cross-inoculations with urediniospores from R. cathartica-derived aeciospore infections indicated that only urediniospores of B. inermis origin were capable of infecting B. inermis. Thus, P. coronata WPc-95A appears to belong to a forma speciales previously undescribed in North America.

scholarly journals Trichoderma harzianum Inoculation Reduces the Incidence of Clubroot Disease in Chinese Cabbage by Regulating the Rhizosphere Microbial Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1325
Author(s):  
Junhui Li ◽  
Joshua Philp ◽  
Jishun Li ◽  
Yanli Wei ◽  
Hongmei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Rhizosphere Microbial Community

Clubroot is a disease of cruciferous crops that causes significant economic losses to vegetable production worldwide. We applied high-throughput amplicon sequencing technology to quantify the effect of Trichodermaharzianum LTR-2 inoculation on the rhizosphere community of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis cv. Jiaozhou) in a commercial production area. T. harzianum inoculation of cabbage reduced the incidence of clubroot disease by 45.4% (p < 0.05). The disease control efficacy (PDIDS) was 63%. This reduction in disease incidence and severity coincided with a drastic reduction in both the relative abundance of Plasmodiaphora brassicae, the causative pathogen of cabbage clubroot disease, and its copy number in rhizosphere soil. Pathogenic fungi Alternaria and Fusarium were also negatively associated with Trichoderma inoculation according to co-occurrence network analysis. Inoculation drastically reduced the relative abundance of the dominant bacterial genera Delftia and Pseudomonas, whilst increasing others including Bacillus. Our results demonstrate that T. harzianum LTR-2 is an effective biological control agent for cabbage clubroot, which acts through modulation of the soil and rhizosphere microbial community.

Sirococcus blight: a seed-borne disease of container-grown spruce seedlings in Coastal British Columbia forest nurseries

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack R. Sutherland ◽  
W. Lock ◽  
S. H. Farris
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Container Nurseries ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Soil Mix ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Empty Seeds

Sirococcus blight, caused by Sirococcus strobilinus Preuss, was shown to be a seed-borne disease of container-grown Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr., P. glauca (Moench) Voss, P. engelmannii Parry, and P. glauca × P. engelmannii spruces. The fungus was best detected by germinating seeds from seedlots with consistent disease histories, in autoclaved soil mix in pots (kept at 16 to 20 °C, and at light intensities of 900 to 1800 lx), and isolating the pathogen from diseased seedlings. Seed-borne isolates of S. strobilinus were pathogenic to P. sitchensis seedlings. The pathogen was present on 0.3 to 3.1% of the seeds of infested seedlots. Seeds with shrunken contents yielded the pathogen seven to nine times more often than seeds with normal-appearing contents. Disease incidence was unrelated to seedcoat damage or prevalence of empty seeds. Histological examinations revealed presence of the pathogen throughout the endosperm and embryo tissues of diseased seeds. The results are discussed in relation to incidence of Sirococcus blight in Coastal, container nurseries.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Charcoal Rot Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina on Canola in Argentina

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Gaetán ◽  
L. Fernandez ◽  
M. Madia
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
The United States ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Experimental Plots

Canola (Brassica napus) is an important oleaginous crop in Argentina. Approximately 16,000 ha are grown commercially in the southern region of Buenos Aires Province. In 2003, typical symptoms and signs of charcoal rot were observed on canola plants in experimental plots located at the School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires in Buenos Aires. Average disease incidence across three 5- to 6-month-old plants (cvs. Monty, Rivette, and Trooper) was 12% (range = 7 to 17%). Affected plants appeared in patches following the rows at pod-filling stage. Symptoms included wilted foliage, premature senescence, and death of plants. Black, spherical microsclerotia 78 to 95 μm in diameter were present in vascular tissue of basal stems and taproots. The affected plants were stunted and had unfilled pods. In advanced phases of the disease, areas of silver gray-to-black discoloration were observed in the stem cortex; many plants were killed during late-grain fill, and plants could be pulled easily from the ground because basal stems were shredded. Four samples consisting of five symptomatic plants per sample were randomly collected from experimental plots. Pieces (1-cm long) taken from taproots and basal stems of diseased plants were surface sterilized with 1% NaOCl for 2 min and then placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Plates were incubated in the dark at 26°C for 4 days and then exposed to 12-h NUV light/12-h dark for 6 days. Five resulting isolates were identified as Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goidanich (1) based on the gray color of the colony and the presence of microsclerotia 71 to 94 μm in diameter. Two colonies developed globose pycnidia with one-celled, hyaline, and elliptic conidia. Pathogenicity tests were conducted using four inoculated and three non-inoculated control plants potted in a sterilized soil mix (soil/sand, 3:1) in a greenhouse at 25°C and 75% relative humidity with no supplemental light. Crown inoculations were carried out by placing a disk taken from an actively growing culture of M. phaseolina into wounds made with a sterile scalpel. Control plants received disks of sterile PDA. Inoculated and control plants were covered with polyethylene bags for 48 h after inoculation. Three isolates caused disease on 7-week-old canola plants (cvs. Master, Mistral, Rivette, and Trooper). Characteristic symptoms similar to the original observations developed for all three isolates within 21 days after inoculation on 80% of inoculated plants. The pathogen was successfully reisolated from diseased stem tissue in all instances. Symptoms included leaf necrosis, stunting, decay and collapse of seedlings, and plant death. Control plants remained asymptomatic. The experiment was repeated once with similar results. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of M. phaseolina causing charcoal rot on canola in Argentina. This pathogen has been previously reported in the United States (2,3). The results demonstrate the potential importance of this pathogen in Argentina, since two commercial cultivars (Master and Mistral) were apparently susceptible to M. phaseolina. More studies are needed to determine the presence of charcoal rot in canola-growing areas of Argentina. References: (1) Anonymous. Macrophomina phaseolina. No. 275 in: Descriptions of Plant Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. CMI, Kew, Surrey, UK, 1970. (2) R. E. Baird et al. Plant Dis. 78:316, 1994. (3) D. F. Farr et al. Fungi on Plants and Plant Products in the United States. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1989.

scholarly journals Isolation and Selection of some Antagonizing Fungal Strains of Trichoderma And Chaetonium that can Inhibit the Growth of Pathogenic Fungi on Orange Trees

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Minh Thanh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Decline Disease ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
Diseased Root ◽  
Orange Trees ◽  
Selection Of

Decline disease has been discovered for a long time but infection is more extensively increasing. It is difficult to detect because the disease is originated from roots. Among the causes, soil fungi have been widely determined. Using fungicides is not an effective way to control the disease. In this case, biocontrol with suitable microbial strains is a potential approach. This study aims to investigate in vitro the possibility of using Trichoderma and Chaetonium to control the causing fungi. Two Chaetonium strains and 1 Trichoderma asperellum strain were isolated from diseased-root samples. Six strains of Trichoderma (isolated strains T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6) and three strains of Chaetonium (isolated strains C1, C2, C3) showed a reasonably antagonistic ability to Phytophthora, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia. Base on the PCR identification method, 6 strains of Trichoderma was isolated belonging to Trichoderma asperellum species, and 3 strains of Chaetonium belonging to 2 species Chaetomium globosum and Chaetomium cichlids.

scholarly journals The Potensial of Fusarium sp. and Chaetomium sp. as Biological Control Agents of Five Broad-Leaf Weeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Loekas Soesanto ◽  
Endang Mugiastuti ◽  
Abdul Manan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Wedelia Trilobata ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
The Media ◽  
Fusarium Sp

Weeds are a major problem in crop cultivation, either in food crops, horticulture, plantations or forests and cause a decrease in the quality and quantity of production. Weed biocontrol, especially by using plant pathogenic fungi, has received attention but is still lacking in application. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of <em>Fusarium</em> sp. and <em>Chaetomium</em> sp. as biological control agents against five broad-leaf weeds (<em>Asystasia gangetica</em> L., <em>Ageratum conyzoides</em> L., <em>Synendrella nodiflora</em> (L.) Gaertn., <em>Wedelia trilobata</em> (L.) U.S. Hitchc. and <em>Amaranthus spinosus</em> L.). The variables observed were the incubation period, disease incidence, disease intensity, as well as weed fresh and dry weight. The results of this study showed that the two pathogenic fungi, <em>Fusarium</em> sp. and <em>Chaetomium</em> sp., can cause a more intensive disease in <em>A. conizoides</em> than <em>A. spinosus</em>. <em>A. gangetica</em>, <em>S. nodiflora</em> and <em>W. trilobata</em>; however, the fungi have not been able to inhibit the growth and kill the weeds. Therefore, improvement need to be done by modifying the media to increase the ability of fungi to control weeds.

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