Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid and its role in exhaustive-exercise-induced changes in female rat ovulatory cycle

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer F. Mostafa ◽  
Shereen M. Samir ◽  
R.M. Nagib
Keyword(s):  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Ovulatory Cycle ◽  
Wide Range

Exhaustive exercises can cause delayed menarche or menstrual cycle irregularities in females. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) are incorporated into a wide range of benefits in many physiological systems. Our work aimed to assess the role of ω-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the deleterious effects of exhaustive exercise on the female reproductive system in rats. Virgin female rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (12 rats in each): control group, omega-3 group treated with DHA, exhaustive exercise group, and exhaustive exercised rats treated with DHA. Omega-3 was given orally to the rats once daily for 4 estrous cycles. Exhaustive exercises revealed lower levels in progesterone and gonadotropins together with histopathological decrease in number of growing follicles and corpora lutea. Moreover, the exercised rats showed low levels of ovarian antioxidants with high level of caspase-3 and plasma cortisol level that lead to disruption of hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. ω-3 PUFA DHA has beneficial effects on the number of newly growing follicles in both sedentary and exercised rats with decreasing the level of caspase-3 and increasing the antioxidant activity in ovaries. Exhaustive exercises can cause ovulatory problems in female rats that can be improved by ω-3 supplementation.

scholarly journals Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid on Apoptosis and Proliferation in the Placenta: Preliminary Report

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Wietrak ◽  
Krzysztof Kamiński ◽  
Bożena Leszczyńska-Gorzelak ◽  
Jan Oleszczuk
Keyword(s):  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Pathological Pregnancy

Introduction.Observational studies confirm a higher incidence of preeclampsia in patients with low erythrocyte concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids. Observations point to an association of disorders of pregnancy, such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preeclampsia, with excessive apoptosis. One potential mechanism of action of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) promoting a reduction in the risk of pathological pregnancy may be by influencing these processes in the placenta.Materials and Methods.We investigated 28 pregnant women supplemented with a fish oil product containing 300 mg DHA starting from pregnancy week 20 until delivery (DHA group). The control group consisted of 50 women who did not receive such supplementation (control group). We determined the expression of Ki-67 and p21 as markers of proliferation and caspase 3 activity as a marker of apoptosis and DHA levels in umbilical cord blood.Results.Caspase 3 activity was significantly lower in the DHA group in comparison to the control group. Umbilical cord blood DHA concentration was higher in the DHA group. The expression of the proteins p21 and Ki-67 did not differ significantly between the groups.Conclusions.We observed an association between DHA supplementation and inhibition of placental apoptosis. We did not find an association between DHA and proliferation process in the placenta.

Effect of Fetal and Neonatal Hypothyroidism on Glucose Tolerance in Middle-Aged Female Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajad Jeddi ◽  
Saeedeh Khalifi ◽  
Mahboubeh Ghanbari ◽  
Asghar Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Neonatal Hypothyroidism ◽  
Glucose Levels

Background and objective: The effects of hypothyroidism during pregnancy and lactation on carbohydrate metabolism have been mostly studied in male animals. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate effect of fetal and neonatal hypothyroidism (FH and NH) on the glucose tolerance in middle-aged female rat offspring. Methods: Pregnant female rats were divided into three groups: Rats in the control group consumed tap water, while those in the FH and NH groups consumed 250 mg/L of 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) in their drinking water during gestation or lactation periods, respectively. After weaning, the female offspring were separated and divided into 3 groups (n=8/group): Control, FH, and NH. Body weight was recorded monthly and intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed at month 12. Results: Compared to controls, female rats in the FH group had significantly higher plasma glucose levels than controls throughout the IVGTT except at min 60. Values at min 5 of the FH and control group were 196.1±1.9 and 155.3±5.9 mg/dL, respectively (P<0.05). In the NH group, plasma glucose levels were significantly higher only at min 5 (185.7±14.1 vs. 155.3±5.9 mg/dL, P<0.05). Conclusion: Hypothyroidism during fetal or neonatal periods caused glucose intolerance in middle-aged female offspring rats.

Effects of 900-MHz electromagnetic fields exposure throughout middle/late adolescence on the kidney morphology and biochemistry of the female rat

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 693-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derya Öztürk Okatan ◽  
Ali Ertan Okatan ◽  
Hatice Hancı ◽  
Selim Demir ◽  
Serap Özer Yaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sham Group ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Kidney Morphology

The effect of the electromagnetic field (EMF) established when cell phones are in use on human health, and particularly the head, has been the subject of major scientific research. Phones are usually carried near the lumbar region when not in use, and the kidneys will also inevitably be affected by such fields. We investigated the effects on the kidneys of female rats exposed to a continuous 900-megahertz (MHz) EMF for 1 h daily in mid-late adolescence. Control, sham, and EMF groups were established. The EMF was applied to the application group rats daily on postnatal days 35–59. A pseudo-megahertz effect was applied to sham group rats. All animals were euthanized on postnatal day 60. Right kidney tissues were subjected to routine procedures. Malondialdehyde, total antioxidant status, and total oxidant status (TOS) were investigated in left kidneys, and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was also calculated from these. Histopathological analysis revealed no pathology in either the control or sham groups. However, findings including hemorrhage in glomerulus, vacuolization and irregularity in the proximal and distal tubular epithelium, diffuse glomerular degeneration and edema, occasional degeneration in Bowman capsules, hemorrhage in the medullary region, disturbed nucleus location and morphology, and tubular edema in the cortex were observed in the EMF groups. TOS and OSI values were lower in the EMF group (9.4316 ± 1.0211 and 0.8461 ± 0.0826, respectively) and the sham group (8.2171 ± 0.6437 and 0.7358 ± 0.0545, respectively) than in the control group (11.1522 ± 1.3389 and 1.0085 ± 0.1174, respectively) ( p < 0.05). In conclusion, exposure to a continuous 900-MHz EMF for 1 h daily during middle and late adolescence may cause various changes in the female rat kidney at postnatal day 60.

Exercise suppresses macrophage antigen presentation

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 2253-2258 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Ceddia ◽  
J. A. Woods
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Antigen Presentation ◽  
Home Cage ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 ◽  
Cage Control ◽  
Wide Range

This study determined the effects of exercise on the ability of macrophages (Mφ) to present antigen to T cells. Pathogen-free male Balb/c mice (8 ± 2 wk of age) were randomly assigned to either home cage control, moderate exercise (Mod; 18 m/min, 5% grade, 0.5 h/day), exhaustive exercise (Exh, 18–30 m/min, 3 h/day), or treadmill control groups. The mice underwent treatments for 4 days during peritoneal thioglycolate inflammation. Peritoneal Mφ were harvested, purified, and incubated with chicken ovalbumin (C-OVA; 0–10 mg/ml) for 18 h. Mφ were then cocultured with C-OVA-specific T cells for 48 h, and the supernatants were analyzed via ELISA for interleukin-2 as an indication of Mφ antigen presentation (AP). Exh exhibited suppressed (∼25–34%) Mφ AP across a wide range of C-OVA doses when measured immediately, 3, and 24 h postexercise. In contrast, Mod had reduced Mφ AP only at 3 h postexercise. Mφ AP was also lower in the treadmill control (4–27%) compared with the home cage control group, but was significantly higher than Exh. The reduction in Mφ AP was not due to exercise-induced differences in Mφ number, percentage, or expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, B7–2, or major histocompatability complex II, molecules important in AP. In conclusion, our data lend evidence that may help explain the increased incidence of infection observed after prolonged exhaustive exercise or overtraining.

scholarly journals Supplementing the maternal diet of rats with butyrate enhances mitochondrial biogenesis in the skeletal muscles of weaned offspring

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanping Huang ◽  
Shixing Gao ◽  
Guo Jun ◽  
Ruqian Zhao ◽  
Xiaojing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Copy Number ◽  
Protein Expressions

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal dietary butyrate supplementation on energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis in offspring skeletal muscle and the possible mediating mechanisms. Virgin female rats were randomly assigned to either control or butyrate diets (1 % butyrate sodium) throughout gestation and lactation. At the end of lactation (21 d), the offspring were killed by exsanguination from the abdominal aorta under anaesthesia. The results showed that maternal butyrate supplementation throughout gestation and lactation did not affect offspring body weight. However, the protein expressions of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPR) 43 and 41 were significantly enhanced in offspring skeletal muscle of the maternal butyrate-supplemented group. The ATP content, most of mitochondrial DNA-encoded gene expressions, the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and 4 protein contents and the mitochondrial DNA copy number were significantly higher in the butyrate group than in the control group. Meanwhile, the protein expressions of type 1 myosin heavy chain, mitochondrial transcription factor A, PPAR-coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and uncoupling protein 3 were significantly increased in the gastrocnemius muscle of the treatment group compared with the control group. These results indicate for the first time that maternal butyrate supplementation during the gestation and lactation periods influenced energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis through the GPR and PGC-1α pathways in offspring skeletal muscle at weaning.

scholarly journals ВПЛИВ ГЛУТАМАТУ МАНГАНУ НА РЕПРОДУКТИВНУ ФУНКЦІЮ ТА ЕМБРІОГЕНЕЗ ЩУРІВ

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
O. V. Shtapenko ◽  
I. I. Hevkan ◽  
Yu. I. Slyvchuk ◽  
V. I. Syrvatka ◽  
S. V. Fyodorova
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Liposomal Form ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
Control Female

<p>Pregnancy is associated with increased nutritional needs due to the physiologic changes of the female and the metabolic demands of the embryo/fetus. The use of chelating compounds with high biological activity increased the fertility of female rats by stimulation metabolism and functional activity of the reproductive system. Manganese is an essential element utilized by antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and others metalloenzymes that take part in reduction reactions, in multiple physiological processes including reproductive system. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of subcutaneous injections of Mn glutamate in liposomal forms on the reproductive system and the process of embryogenesis of experimental female rat.</p> <p>The study was conducted on female rats aged 2.5-3 months with body weight of 180-200 g. Rats with dated gestation were divided into three groups: two experimental and control. Female rabbits of the 1<sup>th</sup> experimental group were subcutaneous injected of 2 mg/ml for Mn glutamate in liposomal form one week before fertilization and the animals of the 2<sup>th</sup> group were obtained the same preparation during fertilization. Rats were euthanized on the twentieth day, ovariens were singled out of fiber, visual inspection and counting the number of yellow bodies were performed, absolute and relative mass indexes were determined, Mn glutamate influence index was calculated.</p> <p>Experimental results showed that the administration of Mn glutamate 7 days before fertilization and during fertilization significant increased the number of corpora lutea of pregnancy (p&lt;0,001), number of live fetuses (p&lt;0,001) due to the decrease in general and pre-implantation embryonic mortality compared with the control group. The experimental results showed improvement in key indicators of embryonic development. We observed significant increase in the number of implanted embryos on 1 female at 10,7±0,26 and 11,3±0,21 (p&lt;0,001) (9,4±0,16 vs. control group) and decrease of the number of resorption in the female rats treated with Mn glutamate as compared with the control group. The results suggest a beneficial effect on the course of Mn glutamate embryogenesis of experimental animals.</p> <p><em>Key words: glutamate manganese, pregnancy, embryogenesis, liposomal preparation</em></p>

scholarly journals Platelet-Rich Plasma Ameliorates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Acute Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome in a Rat Model

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Yung-Hsiang Chen ◽  
Kee-Ming Man ◽  
Wen-Chi Chen ◽  
Po-Len Liu ◽  
Kao-Sung Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Interstitial Cystitis ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Intravesical Instillation ◽  
Painful Bladder Syndrome ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Cell Junction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Painful Bladder

Background: Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) could be treated to ameliorate urothelial injury. Here, we investigated the efficacy of intravesical instillation with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid for acute IC/PBS. Methods: The effects of PRP and hyaluronic acid on the proliferation of normal human fibroblast cells (HFCs) were assessed. Additionally, thirty virgin female rats were randomized into five groups: group 1, saline-injected control; group 2, cyclophosphamide (CYP) plus intravesical instillation with normal saline; group 3, CYP plus intravesical instillation with hyaluronic acid (1 mg/mL); group 4, CYP plus intravesical instillation with PRP; and group 5, CYP plus intravesical instillation with PRP plus hyaluronic acid. A cystometry and histological assessments were performed. The expression of cell junction-associated protein zonula occludens-2 (ZO-2) and inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) was also measured. Results: Low dose PRP increased proliferation in HFCs. The acute IC/PBS rats showed significantly lower voiding interval values. Voiding interval values were significantly higher in the CYP plus intravesical instillation with PRP group than in the CYP-induced acute IC/PBS group. Additionally, the expression of ZO-2 was increased and IL-6 was decreased in the CYP plus intravesical instillation with PRP group compared with the CYP-induced acute IC/PBS group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that PRP modulate urothelial repair, which ameliorate the increase in urination frequency in rats treated with CYP. Overall, PRP may confer potential benefits by acting as urothelial repair modulators.

Supplementation of Female Rats with α-Linolenic Acid or Docosahexaenoic Acid Leads to the Same Omega-6/Omega-3 LC-PUFA Accretion in Mother Tissues and in Fetal and Newborn Brains

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Valenzuela ◽  
Rommy von Bernhardi ◽  
Viviana Valenzuela ◽  
Gigliola Ramírez ◽  
Rodrigo Alarcón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

scholarly journals Effects of Semi-Starvation on the Total Body Composition and Absorptive Function of the Small Intestine of the Young Adult Female Rat

1976 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
VJ Williams ◽  
W Senior ◽  
JilI Sippel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Variable Weight

Sixteen female rats aged about 80 days and with a mean body weight of 175 g were fed 40 % of their ad libitum intake of a laboratory chow. They were killed and analysed for water, protein, lipid and ash after 9, 21� 5, 30� 2 and 38�8 % of body weight had been lost. Compared to a control group of four animals, the 38�8 % group lost 13 g or 34 % of their protein. The animals in the 21 . 5, 30� 2 and 38 . 8 % groups lost 7� 5 g or 87 % of their lipid leaving only 1 �1 g of lipid. The percentage protein in the body was little affected by body weight loss but lipid decreased from 5 to 1 %. In another experiment with 26 rats of 205 g mean body weight and aged about 115 days, absorption rates by the small intestine were measured in vivo after variable weight losses between 0 and 39 %. o( + )-Glucose uptake was increased by about 70 % in those animals which had lost only 5 % of body weight and this increased uptake was retained in those rats which had lost up to 39 % of body weight. The absorption of L-leucine was not affected by the decline in body weight compared to the controls but relative to body weight, the ability of the intestine to absorb increased. In the same animals, the wet and dry weights of the small intestine declined slightly faster than body weight and the length of the small intestine tended to decrease slightly with increasing loss of body weight.

scholarly journals Walnut Kernel administration to mothers during pregnancy and lactation improve learning of their pups. Changes in number of neurons and gene expression of NMDA receptor and BDNF in hippocampus in 80 days rat pups

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-224
Author(s):  
Zahra Mahmoodian ◽  
Majid Asadi Shekaari ◽  
Mansooreh Soleimani ◽  
Meysam Ahmadi-Zeidabadi ◽  
Fatemeh Moradi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Abstract Walnut (Juglans regia) from the Juglandaceae family contains high levels of omega 3 fatty acid, vitamin E and melatonin, hence its consumption is beneficial to would be mothers and their offspring. The current study was designed to determine the possible mechanism of walnut consumption by mothers during pregnancy and lactation and the positive effects on learning and memory processes in their offspring. Wistar adult female rats were placed into three groups: control (fed with pellet, 20 g daily during pregnancy and lactation), CASE 1 [fed with Walnut Kernel (WK) 6% of food intake during pregnancy and lactation] and CASE 2 (fed with WK, 9% of food intake during gestation and lactation). In order to evaluate offspring learning and memory, the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test was performed for their adult offspring at 80 days of age. Histological and molecular studies were utilized in order to discover the protective mechanism and efficacy of WK consumption. The results revealed that learning was significantly improved in the females of CASE 2, in comparison to controls, while there was no difference in memory among the different groups. In addition, the number of neurons significantly increased in the CASE 2 group compared to the control group. However, the molecular study demonstrated that there was no significant difference among the study groups. The results herein show that feeding mothers with WK may improve the learning competence of their pups and increase the number of neurons in both sexes.

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