CULTIVATION OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS IN TISSUE CULTURE V. OBSERVATIONS ON VIRUS PROPAGATION IN CERTAIN ANIMAL TISSUES WITH A SYNTHETIC NUTRIENT MEDIUM

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Duncan ◽  
A. E. Franklin ◽  
W. Wood ◽  
A. J. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Virus Propagation ◽  
Virus Growth ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Synthetic Nutrient Medium

Further observations have been made on the propagation of Lansing poliomyelitis virus in tissue cultures. It has been observed that tissues derived from several organs of rhesus monkeys will support virus growth in tissue cultures in Erlenmeyer flasks with a synthetic medium as the source of nutrient. Cultures of tissues from monkey testis, lung, kidney, and gut have survived for long periods, and virus has been regularly recovered even from fluids removed from cultures after as late as 125 days. Cultures of tissues from monkey brain and cord, and muscle, did not survive as long, and less virus was demonstrated in the supernatant fluids. Muscle from the diaphragm did not appear to support growth. Cultures of tissues from the brain, kidney, and lung of beef embryos survived for long periods, but no virus was found in any of the culture fluids.

CULTIVATION OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS IN TISSUE CULTURE

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan C. Thicke ◽  
Darline Duncan ◽  
William Wood ◽  
A. E. Franklin ◽  
A. J. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Embryonic Brain ◽  
Human Embryonic Kidney ◽  
Virus Growth ◽  
Nutritive Medium ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Cytopathogenic Effect ◽  
And Control

This paper presents observations on the growth of Lansing poliomyelitis virus in fluid cultures of various human embryonic and adult tissues. The evidence suggests that viral multiplication has occurred in cultures of monkey testis, human embryonic kidney, and mixtures of brain and cord. Satisfactory virus growth has been obtained particularly in cultures containing human embryonic brain and cord. Virus is present in tissue culture fluids in which the original inoculum has been diluted 10−33.3 by subcultivation. Preliminary observations suggest that a synthetic medium (Mixture 199) devised by Morgan, Morton, and Parker is superior to Hanks–Simms solution as a nutritive medium in such cultures. The cytopathogenic effect of the virus, as revealed by pH determinations and cell morphology, has been noted, although a characteristic pH differential between virus infected and control flasks was not commonly observed. Attempts to grow the virus on a larger scale in Kolle flasks are described.

CULTIVATION OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS IN TISSUE CULTURE IV. FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON VIRUS PROPAGATION IN HUMAN TISSUES WITH A SYNTHETIC NUTRIENT MEDIUM

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Franklin ◽  
D. Duncan ◽  
W. Wood ◽  
A. J. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Human Tissue ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Embryonic Brain ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Human Embryonic Kidney ◽  
Virus Propagation ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Synthetic Nutrient Medium

This paper presents further observations on the propagation of the Lansing strain of poliomyelitis virus in Maitland-type cultures of human tissue derived from embryonic brain and cord and from kidney, in a synthetic nutrient medium. The survival time of cultures of human embryonic brain and cord was previously found to be over 70 days, and we now report that cultures of human embryonic kidney have survived for over 100 days. Virus has been detected in the supernatant fluids of cultures of brain and cord for more than 60 days, and of kidney for more than 100 days. Virus titers of more than 10−3.0 have been obtained in cultures of human embryonic kidney. Human tonsillar tissue has survived for more than 50 days in cultures, and virus has been detected in the supernatant fluids for more than 40 days. Studies on glucose utilization have been of value in estimating the level of metabolism of these tissues.

Cultivation of Poliomyelitis Virus in Tissue Culture III. Synthetic Medium in Roller Tube Cultures.

1952 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wood ◽  
A. E. Franklin ◽  
E. M. Clark ◽  
D. Duncan ◽  
A. J. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Roller Tube

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS ON HUMAN BRAIN CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE

1955 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Hogue ◽  
R. McAllister ◽  
A. E. Greene ◽  
L. L. Coriell
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Cell Body ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain

Poliomyelitis virus I, Mahoney strain, affected human brain cells grown in tissue cultures usually causing death of the cells in 3 days. The neurons reacted in different ways to the virus, some died with their neurites extended, others contracted one or more of their neurites. Terminal bulbs were frequently formed at the tips of the neurites when they were being drawn into the cell body. The final contraction of the cell body and the change into a mass of granules were often very sudden. Vacuoles often developed in the neuron. There was no recovery. Astrocytes, oligodendroglia, and macrophages were affected by the virus but not as quickly as the neurons. The age of the tissue culture was not a factor when the cells were in good condition. The age of the individual donor of the brain tissue was a factor; the fetal brain cells appeared to be more sensitive to the virus than the adult brain cells. The fetal neurons often reacted ½ hour after inoculation while the adult neurons reacted more slowly, 2 to 24 hours after inoculation. All these changes seemed to be caused by virus infection because they were prevented by specific antiserum or by preheating the virus.

scholarly journals INTERFERENCE BETWEEN POLIOMYELITIS VIRUSES IN TISSUE CULTURE

1954 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Ledinko ◽  
Joseph L. Melnick
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Coxsackie Virus ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Active Virus ◽  
High Energy Electrons ◽  
Homologous Virus

The inhibition of multiplication of one poliomyelitis virus by a poliomyelitis virus of another immunologic type has been established by using tissue cultures of monkey testes. The degree of interference varied from none, to partial, to complete, depending upon the time between inoculation of the interfering and the challenge viruses, and the amount of each virus inoculated. Reciprocal interference was demonstrated between Types 1, 2, and 3 poliomyelitis viruses. Under conditions which resulted in complete suppression of the growth of one poliomyelitis virus by another, interference by poliomyelitis virus with the multiplication of four antigenically distinct "orphan" viruses and of three antigenically related strains of Coxsackie virus could not be demonstrated. Poliomyelitis virus rendered non-infective by formalin or by irradiation with high energy electrons or with ultraviolet light, or treated so that only traces of residual active virus remained, failed to interfere with the propagation of active homologous virus.

scholarly journals STUDIES IN RODENT POLIOMYELITIS

1945 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus W. Jungeblut
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Theiler's Virus ◽  
Pathogenic Agent ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Chemical Inactivation ◽  
Intracerebral Infection ◽  
Culture Virus

1. Attempts to separate by processes of physical segregation, i.e. ultrafiltration, ultracentrifugation, or dialysis, from live SK murine poliomyelitis virus a non-pathogenic agent capable of interfering with simian poliomyelitis virus were unsuccessful. Neither was it possible to convert live SK murine virus into a non-pathogenic interfering agent by processes of chemical inactivation, i.e., phenolization or formalinization. 2. Preparations of SK murine virus, which had been markedly attenuated by ultraviolet irradiation, gave evidence of having retained some interfering power in rhesus monkeys. 3. MM murine poliomyelitis virus interfered, both in mixture tests and by peripheral administration, with two simian strains of poliomyelitis virus. With adequate amounts, distinct protective effects could be obtained in rhesus monkeys which had received murine virus (animal passage or tissue culture virus) up to 48 hours after intracerebral infection with simian poliomyelitis virus. 4. Theiler's virus of spontaneous mouse encephalomyelitis, when tested in mixture with simian poliomyelitis virus, gave some evidence of irregular and low grade interference. Interference could not be shown conclusively in experiments to prevent poliomyelitic infection or to modify its effects. 5. The nature of the interfering agent present in murine virus is discussed.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF INCLUSIONS IN TISSUE CULTURES OF MONKEY KIDNEY EPITHELIAL CELLS INFECTED WITH POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Beale ◽  
Patricia F. Stevens ◽  
Norma Davis ◽  
W. Stackiw ◽  
A. J. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusion ◽  
Monkey Kidney ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Eosinophilic Inclusion ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusion Body

A cytoplasmic inclusion body has been found in the epithelial cells of monkey kidney grown in tissue culture and infected with poliomyelitis virus. This inclusion is at first closely applied to the nucleus, and later develops into a clearly demarcated structure. The nucleus is pushed to the periphery of the cell and becomes pyknotic. Finally, the cytoplasm around the inclusion becomes vacuolated, and the cell breaks up at about the time virus first appears in the fluid part of the infected tissue cultures. Multiple small intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion bodies have also been found in some cells that contain cytoplasmic inclusions.

scholarly journals LATENT VIRAL INFECTION OF CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE

1958 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 617-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Bader ◽  
Herbert R. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Virus Propagation ◽  
Virus Growth ◽  
Latent Viral Infection ◽  
Complete Synthetic Medium ◽  
Stimulation Of

Mouse fibroblasts (L cells) fail to support the growth of psittacosis virus (6BC strain) if they are maintained on a medium containing only inorganic salts and glucose for 2 days prior to infection. Virus propagation can be stimulated by the addition of a synthetic medium containing amino acids, water-soluble vitamins, glutamine, glucose, and inorganic salts. By omitting single amino acids from the complete synthetic medium, tyrosine, threonine, methionine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, leucine, valine, and cysteine or cystine were found to be essential for stimulation, while lysine, arginine, histidine, hydroxyproline, proline, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine, alanine, and glycine were not essential. The cells on deficient media showed varying degrees of degenerative changes, but there was little correlation between ability to support psittacosis virus growth and morphologic condition of the cells. Glucose is also an essential component of the medium for viral growth, but the absence of glutamine had no effect on stimulation of virus propagation. L cell cultures maintained on media deficient in phenylalanine or tryptophan for 2 days before infection were also found to be incapable of supporting virus growth. The implications of this study in latent viral infections are discussed.

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