CULTIVATION OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS IN TISSUE CULTURE IV. FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON VIRUS PROPAGATION IN HUMAN TISSUES WITH A SYNTHETIC NUTRIENT MEDIUM

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Franklin ◽  
D. Duncan ◽  
W. Wood ◽  
A. J. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Human Tissue ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Embryonic Brain ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Human Embryonic Kidney ◽  
Virus Propagation ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Synthetic Nutrient Medium

This paper presents further observations on the propagation of the Lansing strain of poliomyelitis virus in Maitland-type cultures of human tissue derived from embryonic brain and cord and from kidney, in a synthetic nutrient medium. The survival time of cultures of human embryonic brain and cord was previously found to be over 70 days, and we now report that cultures of human embryonic kidney have survived for over 100 days. Virus has been detected in the supernatant fluids of cultures of brain and cord for more than 60 days, and of kidney for more than 100 days. Virus titers of more than 10−3.0 have been obtained in cultures of human embryonic kidney. Human tonsillar tissue has survived for more than 50 days in cultures, and virus has been detected in the supernatant fluids for more than 40 days. Studies on glucose utilization have been of value in estimating the level of metabolism of these tissues.

CULTIVATION OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS IN TISSUE CULTURE

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan C. Thicke ◽  
Darline Duncan ◽  
William Wood ◽  
A. E. Franklin ◽  
A. J. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Embryonic Brain ◽  
Human Embryonic Kidney ◽  
Virus Growth ◽  
Nutritive Medium ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Cytopathogenic Effect ◽  
And Control

This paper presents observations on the growth of Lansing poliomyelitis virus in fluid cultures of various human embryonic and adult tissues. The evidence suggests that viral multiplication has occurred in cultures of monkey testis, human embryonic kidney, and mixtures of brain and cord. Satisfactory virus growth has been obtained particularly in cultures containing human embryonic brain and cord. Virus is present in tissue culture fluids in which the original inoculum has been diluted 10−33.3 by subcultivation. Preliminary observations suggest that a synthetic medium (Mixture 199) devised by Morgan, Morton, and Parker is superior to Hanks–Simms solution as a nutritive medium in such cultures. The cytopathogenic effect of the virus, as revealed by pH determinations and cell morphology, has been noted, although a characteristic pH differential between virus infected and control flasks was not commonly observed. Attempts to grow the virus on a larger scale in Kolle flasks are described.

CULTIVATION OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS IN TISSUE CULTURE V. OBSERVATIONS ON VIRUS PROPAGATION IN CERTAIN ANIMAL TISSUES WITH A SYNTHETIC NUTRIENT MEDIUM

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Duncan ◽  
A. E. Franklin ◽  
W. Wood ◽  
A. J. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Virus Propagation ◽  
Virus Growth ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Synthetic Nutrient Medium

Further observations have been made on the propagation of Lansing poliomyelitis virus in tissue cultures. It has been observed that tissues derived from several organs of rhesus monkeys will support virus growth in tissue cultures in Erlenmeyer flasks with a synthetic medium as the source of nutrient. Cultures of tissues from monkey testis, lung, kidney, and gut have survived for long periods, and virus has been regularly recovered even from fluids removed from cultures after as late as 125 days. Cultures of tissues from monkey brain and cord, and muscle, did not survive as long, and less virus was demonstrated in the supernatant fluids. Muscle from the diaphragm did not appear to support growth. Cultures of tissues from the brain, kidney, and lung of beef embryos survived for long periods, but no virus was found in any of the culture fluids.

scholarly journals Inactivating Gene Expression with Antisense Modified Oligonucleotides

Acta Naturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Sidney Altman ◽  
Carlos Angele-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Human Tissue ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Modified Oligonucleotides ◽  
Modified Nucleotides ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Tissue Culture Cells

Modified nucleotides, including phosphoramidates and mesyl nucleotides, are very effective in inactivating gene expression in bacteria. Gyr A is the target gene in several organisms, including Plasmodium falciparum. Antisense reactions with bacteria infecting citrus plants are promising but incomplete. Human tissue culture cells assayed with a different target are also susceptible to the presence of mesyl oligonucleotides.

scholarly journals Comprehensive identification of alternative back-splicing in human tissue transcriptomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1779-1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Ou Zhang ◽  
Tingting Jiang ◽  
Lingling Cai ◽  
Xiao Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Splice Site ◽  
Human Tissue ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Intron Length ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Alu Elements ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Brain Tissues

Abstract Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed RNAs derived from back-splicing of genes across eukaryotes. Through alternative back-splicing (ABS), a single gene produces multiple circRNAs sharing the same back-splice site. Although many ABS events have recently been discovered, to what extent ABS involves in circRNA biogenesis and how it is regulated in different human tissues still remain elusive. Here, we reported an in-depth analysis of ABS events in 90 human tissue transcriptomes. We observed that ABS occurred for about 84% circRNAs. Interestingly, alternative 5′ back-splicing occurs more prevalently than alternative 3′ back-splicing, and both of them are tissue-specific, especially enriched in brain tissues. In addition, the patterns of ABS events in different brain regions are similar to each other and are more complex than the patterns in non-brain tissues. Finally, the intron length and abundance of Alu elements positively correlated with ABS event complexity, and the predominant circRNAs had longer flanking introns and more Alu elements than other circRNAs in the same ABS event. Together, our results represent a resource for circRNA research—we expanded the repertoire of ABS events of circRNAs in human tissue transcriptomes and provided insights into the complexity of circRNA biogenesis, expression, and regulation.

scholarly journals Studies on poliomyelitis virus: III. The use of ultra-violet light as an additional means of inactivation of formalinized vaccine

1958 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. F. Hampton ◽  
A. Polson
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Polio Virus ◽  
Keen Interest ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Ultra Violet Light ◽  
Violet Light ◽  
Inactivation Process

The inactivation rates of tissue-culture polio virus have been determined and these have been applied to the irradiation of formalinized vaccine, as an additional inactivation process, using a simple irradiator.The antigenic potency of the vaccine was apparently unimpaired.We wish to thank the late Prof. van den Ende for his keen interest and criticism; Dr H. Malherbe and his staff for carrying out many of the titrations; Dr P. D. Winter for co-operation in irradiating samples of vaccine, and Margaret Pakes for invaluable technical assistance.

scholarly journals NEW HUMAN TISSUE CULTURE VACCINE AGAINST RABIES

1974 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-417
Author(s):  
Stanley A Plotkin ◽  
Tadeusz Wiktor ◽  
Ashoke Nanavati ◽  
Usha Shah
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Human Tissue

scholarly journals Assessing Autophagy in Archived Tissue or How to Capture Autophagic Flux from a Tissue Snapshot

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magali Humbert ◽  
María Morán ◽  
Patricia de la Cruz-Ojeda ◽  
Jordi Muntané ◽  
Tabea Wiedmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Tissue ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Autophagic Flux ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Tissue Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Autophagic Activity ◽  
Made In

Autophagy is a highly conserved degradation mechanism that is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. In human disease, autophagy pathways are frequently deregulated and there is immense interest in targeting autophagy for therapeutic approaches. Accordingly, there is a need to determine autophagic activity in human tissues, an endeavor that is hampered by the fact that autophagy is characterized by the flux of substrates whereas histology informs only about amounts and localization of substrates and regulators at a single timepoint. Despite this challenging task, considerable progress in establishing markers of autophagy has been made in recent years. The importance of establishing clear-cut autophagy markers that can be used for tissue analysis cannot be underestimated. In this review, we attempt to summarize known techniques to quantify autophagy in human tissue and their drawbacks. Furthermore, we provide some recommendations that should be taken into consideration to improve the reliability and the interpretation of autophagy biomarkers in human tissue samples.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document