THE EFFECT OF PROPYLTHIOURACIL ON THE WEIGHT AND CONCENTRATIONS OF CHOLESTEROL AND ASCORBIC ACID OF THE ADRENAL GLAND

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
William F. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Gland Weight ◽  
And Control ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Trophic Hormone

The effect on the rat adrenal gland of massive doses of propylthiouracil over a three-week period has been studied. Care was taken to have any body weight changes of the treated animals paralleled by similar changes in the control, animals. Under these circumstances it was found that on a gland weight basis no atrophy of the adrenal glands occurred. There were however alterations in the adrenal cholesterol and ascorbic acid concentrations, there being an increase in the former and a decrease in the latter and further these changes were not dependent upon any hypometabolism induced by the thiouracil. The level of the adrenal cholesterol and ascorbic acid concentrations measured three hours after injection of ACTH and of epinephrine indicated that the adrenal cortex was responsive to its trophic hormone and that the pituitary–adrenal axis was intact, the degree of response being similar in both treated and control animals.

The Effects of Anorexic Doses of dextro-Amphetamine on the Ventromedial-Hypothalamic Hyperphagic Rat

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Wishart ◽  
Elwood K. Walls
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Period ◽  
Ventromedial Hypothalamus ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Rapid Weight Gain ◽  
Electrolytic Lesions ◽  
Dextro Amphetamine ◽  
And Control

Rats were made hyperphagic by the production of electrolytic lesions in the ventromedial hypothalamus. Following a recovery period during which a rapid weight gain was observed, d-amphetamine was administered intraperitoneally in various dosages, and food intakes, water intakes, and body weight changes were measured after a 3 h feeding period. A dosage of 0.2 mg/kg d-amphetamine had no observable effect. Increasing the dosage to 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg, however, significantly depressed food and water intakes, and resulted in reduced weight gains in control and experimental animals. Furthermore, the dose–response curves for both experimental and control groups were similar, indicating that d-amphetamine has the same effect in the hyperphagic rat as in the control. It is concluded that amphetamine anorexia is not mediated by the ventromedial hypothalamus.

Food intake and body weight changes in mice infected with metacestodes of Taenia crassiceps

Parasitology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. T. Crompton ◽  
S. E. Arnold ◽  
D. E. Walters ◽  
P. J. Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Taenia Crassiceps ◽  
Nutritional Effects ◽  
Protein Diets

General nutritional effects on female CFLP mice harbouring larval Taenia crassiceps were investigated using groups of mice fed ad libitum on purified diets containing 2%, 4%, 8% and 16% (w/w) protein respectively. When uninfected and infected mice were compared over an experimental period of 20 weeks, it was established that a significantly higher proportion of uninfected mice survived the course of the experiment than infected mice. There was no evidence of the presence of the parasites having any effect on the overall food intake of the mice. Infected mice, however, were found to be significantly heavier, on a fresh weight basis, than their uninfected partners, but the pattern was reversed when the dry weights of mouse carcasses were compared following the removal of parasites. In general, more parasite tissue was recovered from mice feeding on the higher protein diets (8% and 16%).

GROWTH OF THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT OF THE GILT FROM BIRTH TO PUBERTY

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. DYCK ◽  
E. E. SWIERSTRA
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Gland Weight ◽  
Length Increase ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Uterine Length

Growth of the ovaries, uterus and oviducts was determined in groups of four gilts on the day of birth and at 2-wk intervals from 42 to 168 days of age, and in six gilts on the day after puberty. Ovarian and uterine growth from birth to 168 days was described by cubic regressions (R2 = 0.841 and 0.772, respectively). Changes in the growth pattern occurred after 70 days. Ovarian weight increased up to 112 days and then remained constant until puberty. The number of small (1- to 3-mm diam.) and large (> 3-mm diam.) vesicular follicles reached constant levels by 140 days. At puberty there was a decline in the number of small and large follicles. Oviduct weight and length increased between 70 and 112 days and then remained constant until puberty when a further increase in weight and length occurred. The rate of uterine weight and length increase changed between 70 and 84 days, followed by a continual gradual increase in weight to day 168, while uterine length remained relatively constant. At puberty there was a further increase in weight and length. From birth to puberty the pituitary and adrenal glands had linear increases in weight while the thyroid gland weight changes were described by a cubic regression (R2 = 0.733) with an increase in weight between 70 and 112 days and a constant weight to 168 days. These results indicate that there are four stages of development: from birth to 70 days; 70 days to 140 days; a variable time interval to just before puberty; and the changes associated with puberty. Key words: Puberty, reproductive tract, growth, swine, gilts

EFFECTS OF X-IRRADIATION ON THE ADRENAL GLANDS OF IMMATURE RATS

1966 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. WALL
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Compensatory Hypertrophy ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
And Control

SUMMARY Localized X-irradiation of the adrenal glands of male rats aged 3–36 days inhibited subsequent gain in body weight and in the growth of the adrenal glands, the degree of retardation depending on the dose applied (400–1800 r.). The cortico-medullary ratio was essentially the same in irradiated and control animals. As judged by compensatory hypertrophy of one adrenal gland after the removal of the other, adrenal function was unaffected by X-irradiation within the range of doses and ages investigated.

THE EFFECT OF ADRENAL STEROIDS ON THE GROWTH OF THE MAMMARY GLANDS, UTERI, THYMUS AND ADRENAL GLANDS OF INTACT, OVARIECTOMIZED AND OESTRONE-TREATED OVARIECTOMIZED MICE

1954 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. FLUX
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Cortisone Acetate ◽  
Compound A ◽  
Gland Weight ◽  
Ovariectomized Mice ◽  
Duct Systems ◽  
Affect Body Weight ◽  
Dose Levels

SUMMARY Cortisone (Kendall's compound E) acetate inhibited the growth of the mammary glands (mammae) of intact and oestrone-treated ovariectomized CHI mice, both the growth in area and increase in the number of duct junctions of the mammae being affected. Kendall's compound A acetate, Kendall's compound F and Reichstein's compound S acetate had effects on the mammae which were similar qualitatively to those of cortisone acetate, but differed quantitatively. DCA, on the other hand, acted synergistically with oestrone to increase the total area of the mammae and the number of side branches of the duct systems, but did not cause the growth of alveoli. When used alone, neither cortisone acetate nor compound S acetate affected the mammae of ovariectomized mice, while DCA caused duct growth in about half of the mice to which it was given. DCA and Reichstein's compound S acetate, both alone and in combination with oestrone, increased the weights of the uteri of ovariectomized mice. Compound S acetate increased the weight of the uteri of mice given 0·02 μg oestrone daily, but not of those given 0·01 μg daily. Cortisone acetate at a dose of 100 μg daily, but not of 50 μg inhibited body growth and reduced the size of the adrenal glands. At both dose levels it caused a decrease in the weight of the thymus glands. Kendall's compounds A (acetate), F and B and Reichstein's compound S acetate, at the doses used, did not affect body weight, but did reduce the weight of the thymus gland, and all, except compound B (which was used only at a low dose), reduced adrenal gland weight. ACTH did not affect the mammae of ovariectomized mice when given alone, but inhibited oestrone-induced growth of the mammae in ovariectomized mice. It caused an increase in the weight of the adrenal gland and decreased the weight of the thymus, but did not affect that of the uterus either in ovariectomized or oestrone-treated ovariectomized mice. The value of the number of duct junctions per unit area as an index of mammary gland architecture is discussed.

scholarly journals Vitamin E Is a Nephroprotectant Agent in Male but Not in Female in a Model of Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sima Jilanchi ◽  
Mehdi Nematbakhsh ◽  
Mehrnoosh Bahadorani ◽  
Ardeshir Talebi ◽  
Fatemeh Eshraghi-Jazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Background. The role of gender for nephroprotectant agent such as vitamin E in cisplatin- (CP-) induced nephrotoxicity has not been documented yet. Methods. One group from each gender of Wistar rats received a single dose of CP (7 mg/kg; i.p) and was treated with vitamin E (1 g/kg/day) for 7 days, and they were compared with similar gender in the control group. Results. The serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) in male animals treated with CP was not different from the control group, but it was significantly different in the female rats (P<0.05). The CP-induced damage intensity in male kidney tissue was not significantly different between the CP-treated and control groups, but this was not the case in female, indicating that the tissue damage in female is significantly different from the control group (P<0.05). No significant difference in serum levels of magnesium (Mg), nitrite, malondialdehyde (MDA), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was seen between the genders. Kidney weight and body weight changes were statistically significant in both genders (P<0.05). Significant difference was observed in uterus weight between the two groups of female (P<0.05). Conclusion. Vitamin E may prevent CP-induced nephrotoxicity in male, but possibly it has not such nephroprotectant effect in female.

The Effect of Stress and Warfarin on the Adrenal Gland in Relation to Spontaneous Hemorrhage, as Judged by Measurement of Adrenal Ascorbic Acid and Serum Corticosterone

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (02) ◽  
pp. 275-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Chattopadhyay ◽  
D. D Johnson ◽  
G. J Millar ◽  
L. B Jaques
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Concentration ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
Serum Corticosterone ◽  
Spontaneous Hemorrhage ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

SummaryRats were subjected to the following procedures: No treatment, Stressor (10% NaCl i.p.), Warfarin for 7 days, Stressor followed by Warfarin; and groups were sacrificed at intervals for assessment of spontaneous hemorrhage and of adrenal ascorbic acid concentration. There was no hemorrhage in the no treatment and stressor groups; some hemorrhage in the warfarin group; profound hemorrhage with Warfarin + Stressor. The adrenal ascorbic acid concentration was found to be lower, 8 h and again 5 days after stress, and remained lower in the warfarin + stress animals. Warfarin had no effect on adrenal ascorbic acid level.In another series of experiments in which the stress consisted of an electric current to the cage floor for 6 sec over 15 min, rats were sacrificed daily for determination of serum corticosterone concentration and occurrence of spontaneous hemorrhage. There was a statistically significant increase of serum corticosterone concentration with stress, warfarin and combined warfarin and stress treatments (P< 0.001 for all three variables). There was a significant correlation (r = 0.96 and 0.89, P< 0.01) for serum corticosterone concentration with hemorrhage score and incidence of hemorrhage in stressed rats receiving warfarin, but not in those receiving only warfarin. The results indicate an activation, rather than an exhaustion, of the pituitary-adrenal axis during the combined action of anticoagulant and stress, which results in the development of spontaneous hemorrhage.

Protective Effect of Hypericum perforatum L. Extract on Hexavalent Chromium Induced Toxicity in Rat Adrenal Gland

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 2014-2017
Author(s):  
Jelena Savici ◽  
Oana Maria Boldura ◽  
Cornel Balta ◽  
Diana Brezovan ◽  
Florin Muselin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum L ◽  
Induction Of Apoptosis

This study was carried out to test the possibility of hexavalent chromium administration through drinking water to induce the structural damage in rat�s adrenal glands and the possibility of Hypericum perforatum extract to faith against chromium aggression. Chromium induced cellular stress was determined by the expression level assessment of the Bcl2 genes family, known to modulate the apoptotic pathway. Obtained results showed that exposure to chromium altered adrenal glands morphology, by induction of apoptosis. When Hypericum perforatum extract was administered expression level of Bcl2 genes and histological lesions in adrenal glands were significantly reduced.

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