Comparison of feeding behavior between black and red Angus feeder heifers

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Wolfger ◽  
C. Quinn ◽  
G.W. Torres ◽  
M. Taylor ◽  
K. Orsel
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Eating Rate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Red Angus ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
Angus Heifers ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of this study was to compare feeding behavior between red and black Angus heifers during a 161-d finishing period as a potential explanation for performance differences. Sixty-eight single-sourced purebred red (n = 35) and black (n = 33) Angus heifers, leptin genotype TT, and average starting weight 360 kg (±19 kg) were used. Heifers were randomly and equally allocated into one of two feedlot pens, equipped with five feed bunks that recorded feeding behavior. Individual time spent at the feed bunk, interval between feeding events, feed intake, and meal frequency were recorded daily, and eating rate was calculated. Heifers were fed a barley-based diet (>75% concentrate). After 161 d, at the end of the feeding period, feedlot performance was calculated as average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed conversion rate. Additionally, carcass data were obtained from the abattoir. Overall, black Angus heifers ate more, spent more time at the feed bunk, and had more meals compared with red Angus (P < 0.001). Red Angus heifers had better gain to feed ratios (P < 0.02) and significantly more red heifers were assigned to Canadian yield category 1 (≥59% lean meat) compared with black heifers (P = 0.02), whereas black heifers had higher back fat thickness throughout the study (P ≤ 0.04). All other performance parameters (ADG and carcass weight) were not different.

scholarly journals Corn versus Barley in Finishing Diets: Effect on Steer Performance and Feeding Behavior

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 935
Author(s):  
Hannah M. DelCurto-Wyffels ◽  
Julia M. Dafoe ◽  
Cory T. Parsons ◽  
Darrin L. Boss ◽  
Timothy DelCurto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Eating Rate ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Feed Source ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Daily Gain

This study evaluated the effects of barley and corn finishing rations on feedlot performance and behavior of steers. Feedlot rations in this study were comprised of a main concentrate of either corn or barley. Steers were fed in a GrowSafe system to measure individual animal intake and behavior. Weight gain, average daily gain (ADG), and gain:feed were measured for each steer. Feeding behavior including time spent eating (min/day), visits per day, time per visit (min), eating rate (g/min), intake (kg/day), and intake per visit (g) were measured for each individual. Corn-fed steers had greater ADG (p < 0.01) and heavier hot carcass weights (HCW; p < 0.01). In addition, corn fed steers had a higher yield grade than barley fed steers (p < 0.01). No treatment effects (p ≥ 0.11) were observed for time spent eating, visits per day, time per visit, eating rate, intake g/kg body weight, or intake per visit. Although corn-fed steers had a greater ADG and HCW than barley-fed steers, they tended to consume more feed (p = 0.06). Depending on the difference of costs associated with feeding corn or barley, barley could be a potential high-quality feed source in beef cattle finishing rations.

283 Precision versus Group Supplementation at Two Levels on Growth and Development of Replacement Heifers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
Susan K Duckett ◽  
Jacob Cathcart ◽  
Austin Cathcart ◽  
Zach Dantzler ◽  
Hunter Dove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Versus Group ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Group Feeding ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Angus Heifers ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Supplement Intake ◽  
Feeding Systems

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate use of the Super SmartFeeder (SSF; C-Lock, Inc.) for individual versus group supplementation of heifers grazing stockpiled, novel tall fescue. In experiment 1, Angus heifers (n = 64; 267 + 31.7 kg) had access to the SSF and were allowed 3.6 kg/d of grower supplement. Individual intake was recorded daily and analyzed to determine adoption. Twenty-four percent of the heifers did not adopt to individual SSF supplementation (P &lt; 0.05). In experiment 2, heifers (n = 64; BW= 275 + 31.3 kg) were allotted, based on adoption to SSF, to supplementation system of group feeding (n = 2 reps/level; GRP) or SSF precision feeding (n =16/level; PRE) at two levels (0.5% or 1% of BW) for 127-d in a 2 x 2 factorial. Data were analyzed using Mixed procedure. The interaction between supplementation level and feeding system tended to be significant (P = 0.10) for overall ADG. Average daily gain was greater for 1% BW than 0.5% BW (0.81 vs. 0.47 kg/d) for PRE but did not differ for GRP (0.69 kg/d). Daily supplement dry matter intake differed (P &lt; 0.05) by supplementation level and total BW gain was greater (P &lt; 0.05) by 24.3 kg for 1% versus 0.5% supplementation level. Ultrasound ribeye area and fat thickness measures were greater (P &lt; 0.05) for 1% BW supplement compared to 0.5% BW at the end of the 127d study. When PRE was analyzed independently, heifer BW differed (P &lt; 0.05) on d 91, 117 and 127 between supplement levels. The correlation between individual heifer daily supplement intake and overall ADG for PRE was 0.68 (P &lt; 0.0001). The use of technology to precisely control intake in a grazing system created greater divergence in growth by supplementation level compared to group feeding systems.

INHERITANCE AND PLANE OF NUTRITION IN SWINE: I. EFFECTS OF SEASON, PLANE OF NUTRITION, SEX AND SIRE ON FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Plank ◽  
R. T. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Performance Score ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Sex Effects ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Relative Response ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Daily Gain

Four trials, involving 124 pigs, were conducted to study the effects of differing planes of nutrition on swine characteristics and to study the relative response of specific genetic groups of pigs to these differing planes. Seasonal and sex effects were also evaluated. Equalized limited feeding to a scale of 75 per cent of the U.S. N.R.C. recommended levels for bacon hogs was compared to liberal feeding wherein pigs were fed to appetite three times daily and to ad libitum feeding.Winter-fed pigs grew slower, were less efficient, had a higher dressing percentage and shorter carcasses than summer-fed pigs.As the plane of nutrition increased, average daily gains increased, feed conversion ratios were correspondingly inferior, dressing percentage rose, backfat thickness increased and area of loin and total Record of Performance score decreased.Females outgained barrows under equalized limited feeding, whereas barrows outgained females at a similar feed requirement by eating more feed under liberal feeding. Female carcasses were superior to those of barrows with a tendency for the differences to be greater under the equalized limited feeding system.Genotype × plane of nutrition interactions were significant for average daily feed consumed (P <.05), average daily gain (P <.01), length (P <.05), and total R.O.P. score (P <.01). Under equalized limited feeding pigs with the ability to gain both rapidly and efficiently tended to produce superior carcasses while under liberal feeding rapid gains seemed to reflect mainly increased feed consumption and a trend toward inferior feed conversion and fatter carcasses.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PROTEKSI CPO DENGAN FORMALDEHID TERHADAP KECERNAAN DAN PERFORMA DOMBA EKOR TIPIS

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafly Comilo Tiven ◽  
Lies Mira Yusiati ◽  
Rusman (Rusman) ◽  
Umar Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Basal Ration

<p>The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of CPO protected with formaldehyde on digestibility and performance of thin tail sheeps. Fifteen local male lambs aged 9-12 months, were divided into 3 groups of ration treatment. The first group received only the basal ration (R0), the second group received the basal ration and 3% CPO (R1), while the third group received the basal ration and 3% CPO protected with 2% formaldehyde (R2). The data were analyzed by Completely Randomized Design with oneway pattern. The different of treatments were tested by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. The results showed that addition CPO protected with formaldehid (R2) in the sheeps diet did not affect dry matter and organic matter intake, dry matter and organic matter digestibility, average daily gain (ADG), but significantly (P&lt;0.01) increase feed conversion rate. It can be concluded that CPO protected with formaldehyde gives more advantage on feed conversion aspect.</p><p>(Key words: Thin tail sheeps, Crude palm oil (CPO) protected with formaldehyde, Digestibility, Performance)</p>

THE EFFECTS OF SHEARING AND RALGRO IMPLANTS ON FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE OF LAMBS DURING THE SUMMER

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. LANE ◽  
R. A. KEMP
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Feedlot Lambs ◽  
Daily Gain

To evaluate the effects of shearing and Ralgro® implants on the performance of fast-gaining feedlot lambs during the summer, 84 group-fed crossbred wether lambs (34.8 ± 1.8 kg) were shorn on day 0 of the feeding period (ES), shorn 3 wk later (LS), or left unshorn (NS), and either implanted with 12 mg Ralgro on day 0 (R) or not implanted (C). Lambs were blocked by initial weight. Heavy and light pens of lambs were shipped to market when the average weight within a pen was 52 kg after 40 and 55 d, respectively. Between days 0 and 40, mean average daily gain (ADG) of all lambs was 384 g and feed conversion was 4.38 kg dry matter kg−1 gain. During the first 40 d of the feeding period, shearing did not affect ADG (P > 0.05), but ES lambs had higher feed intake and poorer feed conversion than NS lambs (P < 0.05). Performance of the LS lambs was similar to the NS lambs prior to shearing, and similar to the ES lambs after shearing. A delay period between implantation and growth response was observed. Ralgro did not affect ADG between days 0 and 21 (P > 0.05) but improved ADG by 14.2% between days 21 and 40 (P < 0.01), giving an overall growth improvement of 6.5% between days 0 and 40 (P < 0.06). Ralgro had no effect on ADG after day 40. There were no interactions between the effects of shearing and Ralgro implantation on ADG (P > 0.05). Key words: Lambs, shearing, Ralgro, feedlot, summer

scholarly journals Performance of finishing beef cattle fed different diets containing whole-crop maize silage or sugarcane silage

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 682-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Roman ◽  
Clóves Cabreira Jobim ◽  
Flávio Dutra de Resende ◽  
Gustavo Rezende Siqueira ◽  
Marcelo Henrique de Faria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance of beef cattle in feedlots fed diets containing either whole-crop maize silage or sugarcane silage, and with different formulations. Five diets were evaluated: MSF - diet containing whole-crop maize silage, with fixed formulation during feedlot period; MSV- diet containing whole-crop maize silage, with variable formulation according to feedlot phase; SCSF - diet containing sugarcane silage with fixed formulation; SCSV- diet containing sugarcane silage, with variable formulation; SCSV/MSV- SCSV diet in initial half of fedlot and MSV diet in final half of feedlot period, respectively. It was used a complete random experimental design, with five treatments and three replicates (pens). It was used 285 steers at 36 months of age, with an initial body weight of 362.4 kg. Diets with whole-crop maize silage promoted greater intake of dry matter (10.5 kg and 2.4% BW) compared with diets containing sugarcane silage (10.1 kg and 2.3% BW). There was no effect of the silages on average daily gain (1.348 kg/animal/day) and live weight at slaughter (481.2 kg BW). SCSV/MSV diet promoted the worst feed conversion (8.0 kg DM/kg BW). Animals fed diets composed of whole-crop maize silage presented greater weight of hot carcass, of carcass yield and subcutaneous fat thickness (262.1 kg, 54.1% and 6.2 mm) compared with the animals fed sugarcane silage (252.5 kg, 52.7% and 4.8 mm). The use of sugarcane silage in diets for finishing beef cattle is feasible and the adjustment of formulation during confinement period does not influence performance of the animals. Replacement of sugarcane silage by whole-crop maize silage during the feeding period affects negatively feed conversion.

scholarly journals PSII-23 Meat quality of Santa Inês lambs slaughtered at different backfat thickness

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 170-170
Author(s):  
Edson Luis de A Ribeiro ◽  
Francisco Fernandes Jr ◽  
Camila Constantino ◽  
Fernando Augusto Grandis ◽  
Natália Albieri Koritiaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Santa Inês ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and meat characteristics of castrated and intact Santa Inês male lambs slaughtered at three different thicknesses of subcutaneous fat. Thirty-four lambs, approximately 3 months of age, 19.37 ± 3.73 kg of body weight were used. Four weeks prior to the experiment, half of the animals were castrated. Lambs were further divided into three groups, according to the criteria for slaughter: fat thicknesses of 1, 3 and 6 mm; measured with an ultrasound equipment. All animals received the same diet. Criteria of 1 and 3 mm were achieved after 39 and 84 days in feedlot. As the criterion of 6 mm was not attained up to 130 days of confinement, lambs were slaughtered at that time, with 4 mm of fat thickness. Fat thickness measured with a caliper on the carcasses were 0.87, 3.11 and 3.60 mm. There were no interactions (P > 0.05) between sexual conditions and slaughter criteria. Average daily gain was similar (P > 0.05). Among criteria (average of 0.267 ± 0.052 kg/day). However, final body weight (29.94 ± 2.03; 40.42 ± 2.67 and 53.85 ± 2.03 kg) and feed conversion (4.17 ± 0.39; 4.71 ± 0.43 and 6.01 ± 0.39) were different (P0.05) among criteria, panelists found that lambs slaughtered with 3.6 mm of fat thickness were less (P < 0.05) desirable. Average daily gain (0.283 ± 0.013 vs 0.247 ± 0.012 kg) was greater (P < 0.05) for intact than castrated lambs; however, the meat of intact lambs was less desirable. The other traits were similar for both sexual conditions. We can conclude by the performance and meat results that it is better to slaughter Santa Inês lambs with 3 mm of fat cover, and for the best acceptability of the meat the lambs should be castrated.

272 Managing for Efficiency and Quality Through Diet and Implant Strategies on Steers Selected for Superior Marbling

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 131-132
Author(s):  
Erika L Lundy ◽  
Aubree M Beenken ◽  
Patrick B Wall ◽  
Daniel D Loy
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Ribeye Area ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract A 144-day study assessed the effects of dietary energy and implant potency to determine optimum strategies for managing feed conversion (F:G) and marbling. Fifty-four Angus steers (327 ± 8 kg) from Iowa State University’s herd genetically selected for enhanced marbling were stratified by initial bodyweight (BW), ultrasound intramuscular fat, and age to a 2 × 3 factorial. Dietary treatments included: low energy (1.30 Mcal NEg/kg DM, 18% roughage level; LE) or high energy finishing ration (1.39 Mcal NEg/kg DM, 8% roughage; HE). Implant treatments (IMP; Merck) included: no implant (NOIMP), Revalor-IS (RIS), or Revalor-200 (R200) on d 0 and 74. Steers were fed via bunks capturing daily individual feed disappearance (n = 9 steers/treatment). Steers were weighed on d 0, 74, and 144 and harvested on d 145. Data were analyzed in Proc Mixed of SAS with fixed effects of diet, IMP, and interaction. No interactions were observed for feedlot performance (P &gt; 0.17). Steers fed HE had greater average daily gain (ADG) and final BW than LE steers (P &lt; 0.01) while LE steers had greater F:G (P = 0.04). Final BW and ADG were greatest for R200, intermediate for RIS, and lowest for NOIMP (P &lt; 0.01). F:G was greatest for NOIMP, intermediate for RIS, and lowest for R200 (P &lt; 0.01). Steers fed HE had increased ribeye area (P &lt; 0.01) and tended to have greater marbling score (P = 0.06; 809) than LE steers (769). While ribeye area increased in response to implant potency (P &lt; 0.01), marbling score was not impacted (P = 0.21) by IMP (815, 771, 782, for NOIMP, RIS, R200, respectively). Overall, steers graded 100% Choice or higher and 55% Prime. These data suggest implants, when used appropriately, improve growth performance and efficiency in beef steers without compromising carcass quality.

scholarly journals Investigating the Effects of Distillers Grains on Heifer Feeding Behavior in the Finishing Phase

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1905
Author(s):  
Kaylie A. Huizenga ◽  
Joshua C. McCann
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Visit Duration ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Angus Heifers ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective was to determine the effect of low inclusion levels of dried distillers grains (DDG) on feeding behavior in heifers consuming a high-moisture corn-based diet in the finishing phase. Simmental × Angus heifers (N = 90; 323 ± 50 kg) were fed for 180 d. Heifers were blocked by initial body weight (BW) into two groups, stratified by sire, and assigned to 15 pens with six heifers each. Pens were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments: 0% DDG inclusion (0DG), 7% DDG inclusion (7DG), or 14% DDG inclusion (14DG). Treatments did not affect (p > 0.59) BW, average daily gain, and gain:feed. Although there was a treatment × time effect (p = 0.05) for dry matter intake (DMI), with 0DG having greater DMI during the last 70 d, no differences in overall DMI were detected. Treatment affected (p < 0.01) bunk visit duration and head down duration, with 7DG and 14DG having less minutes per day. Bunk visit frequency (p = 0.02) was less variable for heifers fed 14DG and DMI tended (p = 0.08) to be less variable for both distillers treatments. While dietary inclusion of DDG has minimal effects on overall heifer performance, low levels of DDG inclusion can affect feeding behavior and intake variation.

scholarly journals 287 Effect of corn or barley in feedlot diets, on steer performance and feeding behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 210-210
Author(s):  
Hannah DelCurto Wyffels ◽  
Julia M Dafoe ◽  
Cory T Parsons ◽  
Darrin L Boss ◽  
Timothy DelCurto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Eating Rate ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Comparable Performance ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of barley and corn finishing rations on feedlot performance and feed intake behavior of steer calves. For 2 consecutive years, Angus-based steer calves were fed and finished at the Northern Agricultural Research Center in Havre, MT. Steers averaged 427 kg (n = 48) in year 1 and 407 kg (n = 47) in year 2. Feedlot rations used in this study were comprised of 1) corn or 2) Hockett barley. Diets were balanced to be isonitrogenous (12% CP). Steers were fitted with an electronic identification ear tag and fed in a GrowSafe system to measure individual animal intake and behavior. Initial and final unshrunk weights were obtained on two consecutive days and averaged. Weight gain, ADG, and G:F were measured for each steer. Feeding behavior including: time spent eating (min∙day-1), visits per day, time per visit (min), eating rate (g∙min-1), intake (kg∙day-1), and intake per visit (g) were also measured for each individual. Average daily gain, final live weight, DM intake, hot carcass weight, marbling, and REA all had significant year effects (P &lt; 0.05.). Corn-fed steers had heavier hot carcass weights (P = 0.01), and greater average daily gains (P = 0.04); however, corn-fed steers also had higher average daily DMI (P = 0.02) than barley-fed steers. Carcass weights were on average 15.89 kg heavier for steers fed corn compared to steers fed barley (P = 0.02) and corn-fed steers displayed higher numerical yield grade (P = 0.02). There were no treatment effects observed for final live weight, gain to feed, marbling, fat, REA, time spent eating, visits per day, time per visit, eating rate or intake per visit (P ≥ 0.05). In summary, barley-fed steers yielded comparable performance outcomes as corn-fed steers, thus, depending on cost and production year, barley could be a potential high-quality feed source in beef cattle finishing rations.

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