Influences foliaires dans le contrôle du développement des « bourgeons anticipés » chez Vitis vinifera

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 1385-1403
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Fournioux
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Inhibitory Influence ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Original Result ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
Competitive Relations ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Growth Correlations

In grapevines, the young leaves play an important role in the control of the growth of anticipated buds. Through a basipetal inhibition, which these young leaves exercise over subjacent buds, they contribute to apical dominance. This inhibitory influence persists as long as the duration of laminar growth of the leaf; it is neither sector-based nor cumulative; it is perceived even by buds very far from young leaves. This foliar inhibition is also one of the causes of the acrotonic character of lateral ramification that develops, in the apical part of the shoot, after shoot tip removal. In the older part of the shoot, this acrotony, consecutive to a shoot section, is mainly determined by correlations between the buds. All these results are analysed and discussed in regard to morphogenesis elements previously established in other species. The contribution of young leaves to apical dominance has been demonstrated previously in many other plants. On the other hand, in grapevine, this morphogenetic character was unknown. The fact that young leaves contribute to the acrotonic development of the lateral ramifications growing after decapitation of the main shoot constitutes a much more original result because it has rarely been described in previous studies relative to other species. Earlier works also lead us to expect that both correlative inhibitions and competitive process are involved in the correlations between anticipated buds released from apical dominance. Concerning the growth correlations between grapevine buds, only thuse correlations relative to latent buds had been, until now, very much studied. New and precise knowledge on correlations that control the development of anticipated buds are supplied by this work. It appears then that correlations between these two sorts of buds have two common features: inhibition of their growth by young leaves and sectorial character of the inhibitions between the buds. A hypothesis on the mechanisms through which young leaves control the growth of anticipated buds is suggested. These mechanisms probably change in relation with the developmental stage of a bud; before the bud develops, the young leaves exercise on it a basipetal polarized inhibition. As soon as the bud begins to grow, nonpolarized competitive relations become established between the lateral ramification and the upper young leaves.Key words: Vitis vinifera, apical dominance, acrotony, leaves, buds, correlations.

scholarly journals DNA Preparation In Vitis Vinifera L. for Third Generation Sequencing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Androniki C. Bibi ◽  
Anastasios Kollias ◽  
Maria Astrinaki ◽  
Despoina Vassou ◽  
Dimitris Kafetzopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Young Leaves

Abstract Background: There have been several attempts to sequence the genome of Vitis vinifera L. (grapevine), utilizing low-resolution second-generation platforms. Nevertheless, the characterization of the grapevine genetic resources and its adaptation to vulnerable conditions could be better addressed through extensive and high-resolution genome sequencing.MinION is a third-generation sequencer preferred by many laboratories due to its relatively low cost, ease of use and small size. Even though this long-read technology has been rapidly improving, to reach its full potential requires high-quality DNA.Results: Here we establish a workflow for DNA extraction suitable for MinION sequencing long reads from grapevine. This protocol was tested with leaf samples from different positions on annual growing branches of grapevine, Purified nuclei from fresh young leaves that led to high quality, long DNA fragments, suitable for long-read sequencing were successfully generated. It is evident that longer reads in grapevine associate with both fresh tissue and adjusted conditions used for nuclei purification.Conclusions: We propose that this workflow presents a significant advancement for long-read quality DNA isolation for grapevine and likely other plant species.

scholarly journals DNA Preparation in Vitis vinifera L. For Third Generation Sequencing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibi C. Androniki ◽  
Kollias Anastasios ◽  
Astrinaki Maria ◽  
Vassou Despoina ◽  
Kafetzopoulos Dimitris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Young Leaves

AbstractBackgroundThere have been several attempts to sequence the genome of Vitis vinifera L. (grapevine), utilizing low-resolution second-generation platforms. Nevertheless, the characterization of the grapevine genetic resources and its adaptation to vulnerable conditions could be better addressed through extensive and high-resolution genome sequencing.MinION is a third-generation sequencer preferred by many laboratories due to its relatively low cost, ease of use and small size. Even though this long-read technology has been rapidly improving, to reach its full potential requires high-quality DNA.ResultsHere we establish a workflow for DNA extraction suitable for MinION sequencing long reads from grapevine. This protocol was tested with leaf samples from different positions on annual growing branches of grapevine, Purified nuclei from fresh young leaves that led to high quality, long DNA fragments, suitable for long-read sequencing were successfully generated. It is evident that longer reads in grapevine associate with both fresh tissue and adjusted conditions used for nuclei purification.ConclusionsWe propose that this workflow presents a significant advancement for long-read quality DNA isolation for grapevine and likely other plant species.

scholarly journals Growth and development of shoot apex in barley I. Morphology and histology of shoot apex in vegetative phase

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Zygmunt Hejnowicz ◽  
Wiesław Włoch
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Leaf Primordia ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Tunica Layer ◽  
Bulge Formation

The vegetative phase of development of the main shoot apex lasts over 5 plastochrons after germination. The endosperm has a sufficient store of nutrition for this period. At the beginning of this phase the apex has a one-layer tunica. The cells of the latter divide above the level of bulge formation for leaf primordia, exclusively anticlinally, although somewhat lower within the leaf bulge periclinal divisions may occur. The cells immediately under the first tunica layer in the apical part grow tangentially to the surface. These cells divide only anticlinally forming gradually the second tunica layer. In the course of the entire phase the shape of the meristeanatic caulis from the tip to the 4th frustum remains unchanged.

scholarly journals 803 PB 109 EFFECTS OF NAA, 2,4-D, AND BAP ON CALLUS FORMATION IN TABLE GRAPES AS INFLUENCED BY SPECIES COMPOSITION

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 548c-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurus V. Brown ◽  
James N. Moore ◽  
Fens H. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Dark Green

`Saturn', `Mars', and `Reliance' were compared based on their different Vitis vinifera and V. labrusca compositions. Disks (10 mm) from young leaves were placed abaxial side down on a standard media containing NAA or 2,4-D at 0.0, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/L with BAP at 0.0, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/L. Each treatment was replicated in 10 culture tubes and incubated at 25 ± 1C under cool-white fluorescent light for 10h photoperiods. Calli were compared by size, color, and occurrence of morphogenesis. NAA generally produced a larger callus by cultivar than 2,4-D. A greater quantity of callus was generally produced with the increase of the V. labrusca component. Callus produced on 2,4-D medium was round, compact and light to dark green in color. However, callus produced on NAA medium was amorphous, friable, and ranged in colors. Rooting occurred on some calli produced on NAA media.

scholarly journals The Photoprotective Role of Epidermal Anthocyanins and Surface Pubescence in Young Leaves of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera)

2006 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGIOS LIAKOPOULOS ◽  
DIMOSTHENIS NIKOLOPOULOS ◽  
ASPASIA KLOUVATOU ◽  
KORNILIOS-ANDRIANOS VEKKOS ◽  
YIANNIS MANETAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Young Leaves

Auxin–cytokinin interaction in the inhibition, release, and morphology of gametophore buds of Plagiomnium cuspidatum from apical dominance

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 750-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Nyman ◽  
E. G. Cutter
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Inhibitory Influence ◽  
Intact Control ◽  
Triiodobenzoic Acid ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Activation Response ◽  
Bud Morphology

Observations were made on the effects of indoleacetic acid (IAA), kinetin (K), benzyladenine (BA), and triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) on the lateral buds of decapitated and intact gametophores of Plagiomnium cuspidatum (Hedw.) Kop. Gametophores were cultured in both solid and liquid Parker's nutrient medium and treated with hormones either in solution or in lanolin paste. Based on numbers of activated buds counted from day 16 to 24, it appeared that IAA, K, and BA, when supplied to the decapitated stump, can to varying degrees replace the inhibitory influence of the apical bud. Closer study, however, of activated and inhibited lateral buds suggests that only IAA in the presence of a cytokinin can maintain inhibition in a morphological and anatomical state which is similar to that of intact control plants. Treatment of intact gametophores with TIBA increased bud activation below the treatment ring. Based on bud morphology and anatomical observations in conjunction with records of bud activation response, endogenous auxins and cytokinins appear to be at suboptimal concentrations for growth at inhibited bud sites.

Automatic discrimination of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) clones using leaf hyperspectral imaging and partial least squares

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. FERNANDES ◽  
P. MELO-PINTO ◽  
B. MILLAN ◽  
J. TARDAGUILA ◽  
M. P. DIAGO
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Infrared Wavelength ◽  
Grapevine Leaves

SUMMARYA worldwide innovative method to discriminate grapevine clones is presented. It is an alternative to ampelography, isozyme and DNA analysis. The spectra and their first and second derivatives of 201 bands in the visible and near-infrared wavelength range between 634 and 759 nm were used as inputs to a classifier created using partial least squares. The spectra were acquired in the laboratory for the adaxial side of the apical part of the main lobe of fully hydrated grapevine leaves. The classifier created allowed the separation of 100 leaves of the Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) variety into four clones, namely CS 15, CS 169, CS 685 and CS R5, comprising 25 leaves each. The percentages of leaves correctly classified for these clones were 98·2, 99·2, 100 and 97·8%, respectively, when the classifier input was the second derivative of the normalized spectra. These percentages were determined by Monte-Carlo cross-validation. With the new method proposed, each leaf of a given variety can be classified in a few seconds according to its clone in an environmentally friendly way.

Structural modifications induced by Eutypa lata in the xylem of trunk and canes of Vitis vinifera

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérome Rudelle ◽  
Stéphane Octave ◽  
Meriem Kaid-Harche ◽  
Gabriel Roblin ◽  
Pierrette Fleurat-Lessard
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Xylem Structure ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Eutypa Lata ◽  
Eutypa Dieback ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Transfer Apparatus

Eutypa dieback, a devastating disease in grapevines, is caused by the fungal pathogen Eutypa lata, a wood-inhabiting fungus. E. lata acts by degrading wood tissues in the colonisation areas, and produces foliar symptoms. These striking symptoms have been attributed to the production of toxic metabolites by the pathogen, the most widely studied being eutypine. The aims of the study were to compare the effects of E. lata on xylem structure at the site of infection and in remote tissues. In healthy Vitis vinifera, the vessel-associated cells (VACs) in the trunk have a protective layer that covers the entire lignified wall and forms a transfer apparatus in pits located at the VAC / vessel interface. This apparatus occurs similarly in VACs in the basal part of canes but is less developed in the apical part. In the presence of E. lata, which is found only in the trunk and the cordons, the VACs initiated a program of secretory activity that led to the enlargement of the transfer apparatus, which is formed by tightly associated fibrils. This secretory activity was followed by VAC death. Furthermore, the hypertrophy of the transfer apparatus spread according to an acropetal gradient in the canes. Treatment with eutypine also induced the development of the transfer apparatus in VACs of basal and apical parts of canes excised from healthy vines. However, this apparatus was formed by loosely packed fibrils in VACs that were not completely damaged. Therefore, metabolites other than eutypine are expected to be involved in the VAC degeneration observed in infected vines.

Formation et distribution de glace dans les bourgeons de Vitis vinifera avant et au cours de leur débourrement

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 1878-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Aït Barka ◽  
J. C. Audran ◽  
O. Brun ◽  
C. Leddet ◽  
J. Dereuddre
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Differential Scanning Microcalorimetry ◽  
Crystallisation Process ◽  
Bud Opening ◽  
Stage 1

Evolution of the exothermic profile of latent buds of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir was followed using differential scanning microcalorimetry. Analyses performed on buds at the winterized state (stage 1), on wolly buds (stage 3), and on green pointing buds (stage 5) showed that modes and speed of extracellular and intracellular liquid crystallisation vary according to the phenological stage and are closely linked to the meristematic tissues. Among these, the vascular system plays a major role in the crystallisation process. Indeed, within the winterized buds, where it is at the procambial stage, i.e. nonfunctional, it forms a barrier to the propagation of ice toward the apical part of the bud where water remains in a prolongated surfusion state. On the opposite, during the period preceeding bud opening, from stage 3 to stage 5, where its differentiation leads to a continuous and functional vascular system connecting the bud base to its apical part, it forms a preferred path allowing rapid ice propagation, leading to a violent ice setting in all the tissues. Key words: latent bud, exotherm, calorimetry, vascular system, wine. [Journal translation]

scholarly journals Influence of Root Zone Calcium on Shoot Tip Necrosis and Apical Dominance of Potato Shoot: Simulation of This Disorder by Ethylene Glycol Tetra Acetic Acid and Prevention by Strontium

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1358-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senay Ozgen ◽  
James S. Busse ◽  
Jiwan P. Palta
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
The Media

The important roles of calcium on plant growth and development including cell division and cell elongation is well documented. The purpose of the present study was to determine the impact of root zone calcium on the growth and health of potato apical meristem and on the maintenance of apical dominance. For this purpose, single-node potato cuttings (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Dark Red Norland) were grown in sterilized modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing varying concentrations of calcium (1 to 3000 μM). After 13 to 30 d of growth, plantlets were harvested and data for height of the main shoot and for the number of axillary shoots produced were recorded. Plantlets were ashed and tissue calcium concentration was determined. Shoot height was retarded with decreasing concentration of calcium in the media. Calcium deficiency induced shoot tip injury and loss of apical dominance. Tip injury was followed by the development of axillary shoots. The number of axillary shoots increased from one to 21 as calcium concentration in the media decreased from 3000 to 1 μM. At calcium concentration of 1500 μM or higher, there was a single main shoot with no axillary shoots. Addition of ethylene glycol tetra acetic acid (EGTA), a calcium chelator, to the media with 2720 μM calcium (sufficient calcium) resulted in the development of shoot injury and in the formation of axillary shoots. Calcium deficiency injury symptoms were prevented by the addition of a calcium analog, strontium, to MS media deficient in calcium. Strontium has been reported to strongly bind to plant cell walls and the inclusion of strontium prevented injury in shoots of plants grown on calcium-deficient media. These results suggest that strontium is able to mimic the role of calcium in the maintenance of cell wall integrity and supports previous studies that showed that calcium deficiency results from cell wall collapse of the subapical cells.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document