Auxin–cytokinin interaction in the inhibition, release, and morphology of gametophore buds of Plagiomnium cuspidatum from apical dominance

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 750-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Nyman ◽  
E. G. Cutter
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Inhibitory Influence ◽  
Intact Control ◽  
Triiodobenzoic Acid ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Activation Response ◽  
Bud Morphology

Observations were made on the effects of indoleacetic acid (IAA), kinetin (K), benzyladenine (BA), and triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) on the lateral buds of decapitated and intact gametophores of Plagiomnium cuspidatum (Hedw.) Kop. Gametophores were cultured in both solid and liquid Parker's nutrient medium and treated with hormones either in solution or in lanolin paste. Based on numbers of activated buds counted from day 16 to 24, it appeared that IAA, K, and BA, when supplied to the decapitated stump, can to varying degrees replace the inhibitory influence of the apical bud. Closer study, however, of activated and inhibited lateral buds suggests that only IAA in the presence of a cytokinin can maintain inhibition in a morphological and anatomical state which is similar to that of intact control plants. Treatment of intact gametophores with TIBA increased bud activation below the treatment ring. Based on bud morphology and anatomical observations in conjunction with records of bud activation response, endogenous auxins and cytokinins appear to be at suboptimal concentrations for growth at inhibited bud sites.

scholarly journals Release of Apical Dominance in Potato Tuber Is Accompanied by Programmed Cell Death in the Apical Bud Meristem

2012 ◽  
Vol 158 (4) ◽  
pp. 2053-2067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Teper-Bamnolker ◽  
Yossi Buskila ◽  
Yael Lopesco ◽  
Shifra Ben-Dor ◽  
Inbal Saad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Apical Bud

scholarly journals Brassinosteroid signaling integrates multiple pathways to release apical dominance in tomato

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. e2004384118
Author(s):  
Xiaojian Xia ◽  
Han Dong ◽  
Yanling Yin ◽  
Xuewei Song ◽  
Xiaohua Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Deficient Mutant ◽  
Type B ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Brassinosteroid Signaling ◽  
Bud Removal

The control of apical dominance involves auxin, strigolactones (SLs), cytokinins (CKs), and sugars, but the mechanistic controls of this regulatory network are not fully understood. Here, we show that brassinosteroid (BR) promotes bud outgrowth in tomato through the direct transcriptional regulation of BRANCHED1 (BRC1) by the BR signaling component BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1). Attenuated responses to the removal of the apical bud, the inhibition of auxin, SLs or gibberellin synthesis, or treatment with CK and sucrose, were observed in bud outgrowth and the levels of BRC1 transcripts in the BR-deficient or bzr1 mutants. Furthermore, the accumulation of BR and the dephosphorylated form of BZR1 were increased by apical bud removal, inhibition of auxin, and SLs synthesis or treatment with CK and sucrose. These responses were decreased in the DELLA-deficient mutant. In addition, CK accumulation was inhibited by auxin and SLs, and decreased in the DELLA-deficient mutant, but it was increased in response to sucrose treatment. CK promoted BR synthesis in axillary buds through the action of the type-B response regulator, RR10. Our results demonstrate that BR signaling integrates multiple pathways that control shoot branching. Local BR signaling in axillary buds is therefore a potential target for shaping plant architecture.

scholarly journals Does Ethylene Play a Role in the Release of Lateral Buds (Tillers) from Apical Dominance in Oats?

1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 811-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia A. Harrison ◽  
Peter B. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Lateral Buds

Studies on the growth and development of Agropyron repens: interacting effects of humidity, calcium, and nitrogen on growth of the rhizome apex and lateral buds

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1427-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon I. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Apical Growth ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Agropyron Repens

A previous investigation of apical dominance in the rhizome of Agropyron repens showed that keeping the rhizome in a high humidity promoted the outgrowth of the lateral buds but strongly inhibited the growth of the rhizome apex. A study of these related responses demonstrated that the inhibition of apical growth was not prevented by excision of the lateral buds and was also induced when only the apex of the rhizome received the high humidity treatment. The necrotic lesions that developed in the arrested apices and the reduction of apical inhibition produced by various Ca treatments indicated that the inhibition of apical growth was caused by Ca deficiency. When the rhizome apex was exposed to low humidity, a localized high-humidity treatment of the lateral buds did not release the buds from apical dominance in low-N rhizomes but strongly promoted bud growth at a higher N level. When growth of the buds was induced at low humidity by increasing the N supply, the increase in bud weight was preceded by an increase in the water content of the bud when expressed on a dry weight basis. These results agree with those of previous investigations and suggest that the interacting effects of N and humidity on the water status of the buds may play a significant role in the mechanism of apical dominance.

APICAL DOMINANCE ASSERTED OVER LATERAL BUDS BY THE GALL OF RHABDOPHAGA STROBILOIDES (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE)

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (9) ◽  
pp. 1277-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur E. Weis
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Normal Plant ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Nutrient Sink ◽  
Plant Galls

Plant galls are growth deformities developed under the influence of parasitic insects. The process of differentiation of normal plant tissue into gall tissue has been examined by many authors (Kostoff and Kendall 1929; Rohfristch 1977; see also Mani 1964) but less effort has been made to study the effects of the gallmaker on plant tissues outside the vicinity of active gall formation. Negative effects on the overall growth of the host plant can be expected because the gall acts as an energy and nutrient sink (Palct 1972; Hartnett and Abrahamson 1979), which can cause abnormal patterns of resource allocation among plant organs.

Apical dominance in the rhizome of Agropyron repens. Evidence of competition for carbohydrate as a factor in the mechanism of inhibition

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1189-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon I. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Mechanism Of Inhibition ◽  
Lateral Bud ◽  
High Nitrogen Level ◽  
Agropyron Repens

When plants of Agropyron repens L. Beauv. are grown at a high nitrogen level (210 p.p.m. N) apical dominance in the rhizome is sufficiently reduced to permit the continued growth of the lateral buds. If, however, the rhizome is isolated from the parent shoot the dominance of the apex is markedly increased and lateral bud growth is strongly inhibited.Experiments with these isolated, high-nitrogen rhizomes showed that apical dominance could be significantly reduced either by increasing the length of the rhizome or by retarding the growth of the rhizome apex by exposing it to light. The growth potential of the lateral buds declined rapidly as the duration of their attachment to the rhizome apex was increased. This effect was associated with the translocation of carbohydrate to the rhizome apex and could be overcome by providing the isolated buds with a 2% sucrose solution. When buds were isolated from the rhizome apex before their growth potential was exhausted a marked increase in their carbohydrate content was apparent after 48 h. This increase was associated with their resumption of growth. Buds still attached to the apex could be released from inhibition by supplying sucrose solutions to the cut end of the rhizome.The results suggest that, under the experimental conditions, apical dominance was due primarily to competition for a limited carbohydrate supply.

CORRELATIONS AFFECTING REGENERATION AND REACTIVATION IN SPLACHNUM AMPULLACEUM (L.) HEDW.

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian G. MacQuarrie ◽  
Kraft E. von Maltzahn
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Primary Factor ◽  
Reversible Inhibition ◽  
Correlative Inhibition ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Phenylbutyric Acid ◽  
Stem Segments

Correlations affecting restitutional behavior in the gametophore are examined. In short stem segments a direct relationship is found between the length of the segment and the number of regenerates; in longer segments this relationship disappears. No such correlation exists between leaf size and number of regenerates per leaf. The presence of leaves increases regeneration from the stem; the stem inhibits regeneration from the leaf.Isolation and not wounding is shown to be the most important factor in leaf regeneration.The apex of the gametophore inhibits both regeneration from the base of the gametophore and bud reactivation. These apical dominance effects can be replaced by the application of indoleacetic acid (IAA) to the tips of decapitated plants. Similar concentrations of IAA and γ-phenylbutyric acid (PBA) inhibit regeneration from both isolated stems and leaves; at lower concentrations some promotion is found with IAA, none with PBA. Shorter exposure of leaves to these compounds results in reversible inhibition, or even an increase in regeneration. IAA and PBA do not counteract each other in their effects.Leaves isolated from intact and decapitated plants show differences in regenerative behavior when treated with IAA. This indicates that IAA could be involved in the inhibition or regeneration from attached leaves.It is concluded that IAA is not the primary factor in the control of correlative inhibition of restitution in the gametophore.

Release of Lateral Buds from Apical Dominance

Nature ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 201 (4922) ◽  
pp. 939-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
TSVI SACHS ◽  
KENNETH V. THIMANN
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Lateral Buds

scholarly journals The Nature of Shoot Dominance in White Yam Tubers (Dioscorea rotundata Poir)

1969 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-340
Author(s):  
Osi Mozie
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Distal Region ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
Middle Region ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Dioscorea Rotundata ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
White Yam

The nature of shoot dominance in white yam tubers (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) was studied under ambient conditions in the conventional yam storage barn. Whole tubers sprouted only at the proximal ends (i.e. the morphological bases). The single basal shoot formed per sprouting whole tuber inhibited the formation of lateral shoots along the tuber axis. Separating the basal end by sectioning the tuber into three regions namely "head" (i.e. basal or proximal region), middle region and "tail" (i.e. apical or distal region), appeared to stimulate the formation of lateral shoots on the surfaces of the tuber pieces below the basal region. Separating the basal region from the entire tuber by sectioning appeared to remove the stress under which the lateral buds had existed in the intact tuber. This response indicated a strong "basal dominance" of basal shoots in sprouting intact or whole yam tubers. The physiology of shoot dominance in whole yam tubers could be described as "basal dominance" rather than "apical dominance", since in sprouting intact or whole tuber it is the basal shoot (i.e. shoot of the morphological base or proximal end) that inhibits the development of lateral shoots along the tuber axis.

scholarly journals 760 PB 184 INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID REGULATES APICAL DOMINANCE BY CONTROLLING THE STATE OF WATER AND MEMBRANE LIPID COMPOSITION IN BUDS OF MALUS DOMESTICA BORKH

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 541h-542
Author(s):  
Shiow Y. Wang ◽  
Miklos Faust ◽  
Michael J. Line
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Membrane Lipid Composition ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Lateral Bud ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

The effect of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on apical dominance in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) buds was examined by studying changes In proton density (free water) and membrane lipid composition in lateral buds. Decapitation induced budbreak and enhanced lateral bud growth. IAA replaced apical control of lateral bud paradormancy. Maximal inhibition was obtained when IAA was applied immediately after the apical bud was removed. Delaying this application weakens the effect of IAA. An increase in proton density in lateral buds was observable 2 days after decapitation, whereas the change in membrane lipid composition occurred 4 days later. Decapitating the terminal bud induced an increase in membrane galacto- and phospholipids. and the ratio of unsaturated to corresponding saturated fatty acids. Decapitation also induced a decrease in the ratio of free sterols to phospholipids in lateral buds. Application of IAA to the terminal end of decapitated shoots inhibited the increase of proton density and prevented changes in the membrane lipid composition of lateral buds.

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