Regression-based focal point seed zones for Picea mariana from northwestern Ontario

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1227-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Parker ◽  
Annette van Niejenhuis
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Adaptive Variation ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Seed Zones ◽  
Point Seed

The results of a recent study of adaptive variation of black spruce in northwestern Ontario, together with additional freezing damage data, were used to produce regression-based focal point seed zones for this species. The procedure required two data bases as follows: (i) the biological data derived from two common garden growth trials, one greenhouse trial, and freezing trials of 75 black spruce seed sources and (ii) climatic data for the period 1951 – 1980. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to summarize the main components of growth and freezing variation, and the PCA axis scores for the seed sources were regressed against climatic variables. The regression equations were used to model the patterns of adaptive variation, and these patterns were graphically reproduced as contour maps by a geographic information system (GIS). A series of focal point seed zone maps for black spruce was produced by GIS intersection of the regression-based contour maps. Focal point seed zones were more restricted in the south near Lake Superior, reflecting the more rapidly changing climate in this part of the study area. Since black spruce is closely adapted to local climate, these results will be useful to formulate successful seed transfers in this area. There are additional potential applications for matching seed sources to changing climates and for the identification of genetically unique populations. Keywords: black spruce, Picea mariana, adaptive variation, focal point seed zones.

Adaptive variation in Piceamariana from northwestern Ontario determined by short-term common environment tests

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1653-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Parker ◽  
Annette Van Niejenhuis ◽  
Paul Charrette
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Adaptive Variation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
The North ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Provenance Test

To obtain a better understanding of the pattern of adaptive variation of Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P. from northwestern Ontario, a short-term provenance test was carried out for 75 seed sources collected east and west of Lake Nipigon. Provenances were grown in common environments at a greenhouse for two seasons (1990–1991) and a farm field and a forestry trial each for four growing seasons (1990–1993). Twenty-five growth and phenological variables were determined, including seedling height, needle flushing date, and the timing of shoot elongation. Significant levels of interprovenance variation were present for 18 of these variables. Graphic analysis of the pattern of variation indicated that sources from the southwestern portion of the collected area generally grew faster and flushed later than easterly sources near the north shore of Lake Superior. Superimposed on this general pattern were several irregularities caused by one or more provenances. Multiple regressions were run for each of the 18 variables against latitude, elevation, and 12 climatic variables interpolated for each of the seed sources by a geographic information system from 1951–1980 data obtained from 56 nearby weather stations. Large coefficients of variation (up to 0.57) were obtained for some variables. Combinations of climatic variables, including winter minimum and summer maximum temperatures together with precipitation and timing of the growing season, were excellent predictors of black spruce needle flushing dates, while summer temperature, precipitation, and elevation were moderately good predictors of height growth.

scholarly journals Comparative Height Growth of Eastern Larch and Black Spruce in Northwestern Ontario

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 296-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Mead
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Spruce Stands

Height growth of eastern larch (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) was determined using standard stem analysis methods on trees from two sites in northwestern Ontario. The data were obtained from mixed larch-spruce stands which were relatively undisturbed. The larch exhibited substantially better height growth than the spruce through age 65.

scholarly journals Direct seeding of black spruce in northwestern Ontario: Temporal changes in seedbed coverage and receptivity

1995 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Fleming ◽  
D. S. Mossa
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Thunder Bay ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Temporal changes in black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) seedbed coverage and seedbed receptivity were investigated on coarse-textured upland sites near Thunder Bay (48°25′N 89° 15′W), in northwestern Ontario. Sowing was completed in May for three consecutive years following summer scarification at each of 12 sites. Infilling by organic debris reduced the proportion of receptive soil strata three to five years after scarification by 50–95%. Receptive seedbed coverage declined more quickly on fresh Soil Moisture Regimes with a variety of deciduous trees and shrubs than on moist Soil Moisture Regimes dominated by eracaceous shrubs. Pioneer mosses, which are also good seedbeds, invaded moist sites more readily than fresh sites, and mitigated losses in seedbed coverage. Compact Sphagnum seedbeds in lowland depressions maintained good areal coverage much longer than did receptive upland soil strata. Seedling establishment ratios varied greatly among seeding years, seedbeds and sites, but there was an underlying trend of decreasing seedbed receptivity with time since scarification. Seedlings originating from the first seeding year were taller at age 7–10 than those originating from the second or third seeding years. Key words: direct seeding, seedbed coverage, seedbed receptivity, scarification, black spruce, Picea mariana

Habitat-dependent morphological and chemical variation in Picea mariana from northwestern Ontario

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1573-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Parker ◽  
P. Knowles ◽  
F. Bennett ◽  
A. Gray ◽  
T. Krickl
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Thunder Bay ◽  
Heavy Soil ◽  
Sphagnum Bog

To determine whether local site differences corresponded to any morphological or chemical differentiation in Picea mariana, 10 cone-bearing trees were sampled from each of three semiadjacent stands near the Matawin River, Thunder Bay District, Ont.: (i) an upland forest on well-drained alluvial soil, (ii) an abandoned pasture on heavy soil, and (iii) a wet sphagnum bog. Nine cone characters and eight needle and twig characters were scored and analyzed. Differences among sites were generally small. Principal-components analysis demonstrated two major, independent trends of variation, one attributable mainly to cone characters and the other to needle characters. Bog trees tended to be more variable than the others with respect to cone characters but had similar levels of variation for needle and twig characters. Further comparisons were made based on foliar flavonoids of the 30 trees and isozyme characteristics of an expanded sampling of 60 trees. Flavonoid analysis indicated that a fraction of the bog trees possessed flavonoid diglycosides not present in the other trees. Five polymorphic enzyme systems were detected in electrophoretic analysis. Trees from the three sites had similar isozyme patterns with the exception of three bands that were unique to the bog site trees. Thus, the bog trees were more variable for cone, flavonoid, and isozyme characters but exhibited no greater variability for needle and twig characters. However, none of the data gave an indication of discrete ecotypes of black spruce corresponding to upland and lowland sites.

Focal point seed zones: site-specific seed zone delineation using geographic information systems

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Seed Zones ◽  
Individual Site ◽  
Seed Zone ◽  
Point Seed

A new site-specific approach to defining seed zones in North American conifers is described. Using focal point seed zones, an individual site to be reforested becomes the focal point, and a unique seed zone is established for that site as needed. This approach depends upon (i) obtaining good comparative data in adaptive characteristics from throughout the range to beregenerated based upon a series of short-term growth tests in a common garden and (or) greenhouse and (ii) graphic analysis of multivariate summary scores by geographic information systems software to delimit boundaries of unique seed zones for any location to be reforested. A sample focal point seed zone is delineated for jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) reforestation of a site in northern Ontario. This approach has considerable potential to help prevent decreased growth and yield due to the planting of maladapted seed.

Phenology of Vaccinium spp. in a black spruce (Picea mariana) plantation in northwestern Ontario: possible implications for the timing of forest herbicide treatments

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1579-1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
F M Moola ◽  
A U Mallik
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Delayed Treatment ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Thunder Bay ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Vaccinium Myrtilloides

This study reports on the phenology of 180 vegetative and 180 reproductive shoots of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) and velvet leaf blueberry (Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.) in a young black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) plantation near Thunder Bay, northwestern Ontario. Leaves of both species emerged in mid-May and remained uniformly green until mid-August. By late August, the majority of tagged shoots had turned red and were beginning to deteriorate. Approximately 30% of tagged shoots lost their leaves by 25 September in both V. angustifolium and V. myrtilloides. Patterns of leaf development in V. angustifolium and V. myrtilloides suggest that Vaccinium spp. may be less susceptible to foliar-applied herbicides if applications are made during or following the period of leaf senescence (i.e., between late August and late September). However, delayed treatment may be impractical in conifer plantations, since the time of leaf senescence and abscission of blueberry coincides with that of many target species.

Comparison of canonical correlation and regression based focal point seed zones of white spruce

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1572-1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R Lesser ◽  
William H Parker
Keyword(s):  
Canonical Correlation ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Statistical Efficiency ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Seed Zone ◽  
Point Seed

The focal point seed zone methodology determines spatially explicit areas of adaptive similarity for any selected geographic point and is used to match seed sources and planting sites. A total of 127 seed sources (provenances) of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) from Ontario and western Quebec were established at a greenhouse and in six field trials throughout Ontario. Growth and phenological variables were measured over three growing seasons. Two focal point seed zone methodologies were employed: (i) using models derived from principal components analysis (PCA) of biological response variables followed by multiple linear regression against climate variables and (ii) using models derived from canonical correlation analysis (CANCOR). While both approaches use climate data to model adaptive variation, CANCOR reduces the number of steps in the analysis by simultaneously finding the relationships of biological and climatic variables that maximize the covariance between the two data sets. Although more of the variation in adaptive biological traits was actually described by climate variables using the PCA–regression approach, this method produced intuitively less realistic patterns. Both methods showed similar overall geographic trends, but the CANCOR method had a finer resolution, especially in southern Ontario, presumably due to statistical efficiency; growth was modeled by all climate variables.

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