Phenology of Vaccinium spp. in a black spruce (Picea mariana) plantation in northwestern Ontario: possible implications for the timing of forest herbicide treatments

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1579-1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
F M Moola ◽  
A U Mallik
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Delayed Treatment ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Thunder Bay ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Vaccinium Myrtilloides

This study reports on the phenology of 180 vegetative and 180 reproductive shoots of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) and velvet leaf blueberry (Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.) in a young black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) plantation near Thunder Bay, northwestern Ontario. Leaves of both species emerged in mid-May and remained uniformly green until mid-August. By late August, the majority of tagged shoots had turned red and were beginning to deteriorate. Approximately 30% of tagged shoots lost their leaves by 25 September in both V. angustifolium and V. myrtilloides. Patterns of leaf development in V. angustifolium and V. myrtilloides suggest that Vaccinium spp. may be less susceptible to foliar-applied herbicides if applications are made during or following the period of leaf senescence (i.e., between late August and late September). However, delayed treatment may be impractical in conifer plantations, since the time of leaf senescence and abscission of blueberry coincides with that of many target species.

scholarly journals Direct seeding of black spruce in northwestern Ontario: Temporal changes in seedbed coverage and receptivity

1995 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Fleming ◽  
D. S. Mossa
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Thunder Bay ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Temporal changes in black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) seedbed coverage and seedbed receptivity were investigated on coarse-textured upland sites near Thunder Bay (48°25′N 89° 15′W), in northwestern Ontario. Sowing was completed in May for three consecutive years following summer scarification at each of 12 sites. Infilling by organic debris reduced the proportion of receptive soil strata three to five years after scarification by 50–95%. Receptive seedbed coverage declined more quickly on fresh Soil Moisture Regimes with a variety of deciduous trees and shrubs than on moist Soil Moisture Regimes dominated by eracaceous shrubs. Pioneer mosses, which are also good seedbeds, invaded moist sites more readily than fresh sites, and mitigated losses in seedbed coverage. Compact Sphagnum seedbeds in lowland depressions maintained good areal coverage much longer than did receptive upland soil strata. Seedling establishment ratios varied greatly among seeding years, seedbeds and sites, but there was an underlying trend of decreasing seedbed receptivity with time since scarification. Seedlings originating from the first seeding year were taller at age 7–10 than those originating from the second or third seeding years. Key words: direct seeding, seedbed coverage, seedbed receptivity, scarification, black spruce, Picea mariana

Habitat-dependent morphological and chemical variation in Picea mariana from northwestern Ontario

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1573-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Parker ◽  
P. Knowles ◽  
F. Bennett ◽  
A. Gray ◽  
T. Krickl
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Thunder Bay ◽  
Heavy Soil ◽  
Sphagnum Bog

To determine whether local site differences corresponded to any morphological or chemical differentiation in Picea mariana, 10 cone-bearing trees were sampled from each of three semiadjacent stands near the Matawin River, Thunder Bay District, Ont.: (i) an upland forest on well-drained alluvial soil, (ii) an abandoned pasture on heavy soil, and (iii) a wet sphagnum bog. Nine cone characters and eight needle and twig characters were scored and analyzed. Differences among sites were generally small. Principal-components analysis demonstrated two major, independent trends of variation, one attributable mainly to cone characters and the other to needle characters. Bog trees tended to be more variable than the others with respect to cone characters but had similar levels of variation for needle and twig characters. Further comparisons were made based on foliar flavonoids of the 30 trees and isozyme characteristics of an expanded sampling of 60 trees. Flavonoid analysis indicated that a fraction of the bog trees possessed flavonoid diglycosides not present in the other trees. Five polymorphic enzyme systems were detected in electrophoretic analysis. Trees from the three sites had similar isozyme patterns with the exception of three bands that were unique to the bog site trees. Thus, the bog trees were more variable for cone, flavonoid, and isozyme characters but exhibited no greater variability for needle and twig characters. However, none of the data gave an indication of discrete ecotypes of black spruce corresponding to upland and lowland sites.

Effects of conifer release treatments on the growth and fruit production of Vaccinium spp. in northwestern Ontario

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 841-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
F M Moola ◽  
A U Mallik ◽  
R A Lautenschlager
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Multiple Treatment ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Multiple Treatments ◽  
Vaccinium Myrtilloides

Berry production and vegetative recovery of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) and velvet leaf blueberry (Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.) were documented for three growing seasons (1994, 1995, 1996) after brushsaw, single operational and multiple nonoperational Vision® herbicide (active ingredient glyphosate), and control treatments in a jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) plantation in northwestern Ontario. Vaccinium angustifolium fruit production was significantly (P <= 0.05) reduced by both the single and multiple treatments in all 3 years of the study. Fruit production by V. myrtilloides was significantly (P <= 0.05) reduced only by the multiple treatment. The significant reduction in berry production by V. angustifolium contributed to an overall drop in the availability of blueberries (both species combined) on sprayed clearcuts in 1995 and 1996. Single and multiple treatments also significantly (P <= 0.05) reduced fresh mass and dry mass of total berries in 1995 and 1996. Compared with the controls, reductions in cover for both blueberry species were only significant (P <= 0.05) with the Vision® treatments. In clearcuts where V. angustifolium forms a major component of the Vaccinium spp. cover, the short-term reduction in fruit availability in sprayed areas may be considerable.

scholarly journals Comparative Height Growth of Eastern Larch and Black Spruce in Northwestern Ontario

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 296-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Mead
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Spruce Stands

Height growth of eastern larch (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) was determined using standard stem analysis methods on trees from two sites in northwestern Ontario. The data were obtained from mixed larch-spruce stands which were relatively undisturbed. The larch exhibited substantially better height growth than the spruce through age 65.

Growth and yield comparisons for red pine, white spruce and black spruce plantations in northwestern Ontario

2011 ◽  
Vol 87 (04) ◽  
pp. 494-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krish Homagain ◽  
Chander Shahi ◽  
Willard Carmean ◽  
Mathew Leitch ◽  
Colin Bowling
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Thunder Bay ◽  
Intensive Forest Management ◽  
Forest Lands

Intensive forest management for wood production requires that we identify our most productive forest lands as well as the most productive and most commercially valuable tree species that should be managed on these lands. The Thunder Bay Spacing Trial established in 1950 provides growth and yield comparisons on a productive site for red pine, white spruce, and black spruce. Our analysis based on six remeasurements from 1983 to 2007 show that red pine has produced more than twice the volume of white spruce and about three times the volume of black spruce. The greater volume for red pine in comparison to the spruces is attributed to taller trees, larger average diameters and more basal area.

scholarly journals Effect of Fire Intensity and Depth of Burn on Lowbush Blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium, and Velvet Leaf Blueberry, Vaccinium myrtilloides, Production in Eastern Ontario

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc C. Duchesne ◽  
Suzanne Wetzel
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Prescribed Fires ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Eastern Ontario ◽  
Vaccinium Myrtilloides

The effects of prescribed fire intensity and depth of burn were investigated on Lowbush Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) and Velvet Leaf Blueberry (Vaccinium myrtilloides) stem density, blueberry production and the number of blueberries/stem in a clear-cut Jack Pine, Pinus banksiana, ecosystem of eastern Ontario. Blueberry production and stem density were significantly (P < 0.001) increased by low intensity prescribed fires of 597 and 1268 kW/m. In contrast, prescribed fires of medium and high intensities did not affect blueberry production and stem density. The number of blueberries/stem was not affected (P = 0.056) by prescribed burning, two years after treatment. Pearson's multiple correlation analysis showed that blueberry production (R: -0.683, P < 0.01), stem density (R: 0.733, P < 0.01) and the number of blueberries/stem (R: 0.803, P < 0.01) correlated with depth of burn. As well, blueberry production (R: 0.507, P < 0.05) and stem density (R: -0.504, P < 0.05) correlated with fire intensity. Depth of burn was a better predictor of berry production and stem density than fire intensity. These results suggest that only low intensity fires with little penetrating effect in the ground should be used to manage blueberry crops.

Regression-based focal point seed zones for Picea mariana from northwestern Ontario

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1227-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Parker ◽  
Annette van Niejenhuis
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Adaptive Variation ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Seed Zones ◽  
Point Seed

The results of a recent study of adaptive variation of black spruce in northwestern Ontario, together with additional freezing damage data, were used to produce regression-based focal point seed zones for this species. The procedure required two data bases as follows: (i) the biological data derived from two common garden growth trials, one greenhouse trial, and freezing trials of 75 black spruce seed sources and (ii) climatic data for the period 1951 – 1980. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to summarize the main components of growth and freezing variation, and the PCA axis scores for the seed sources were regressed against climatic variables. The regression equations were used to model the patterns of adaptive variation, and these patterns were graphically reproduced as contour maps by a geographic information system (GIS). A series of focal point seed zone maps for black spruce was produced by GIS intersection of the regression-based contour maps. Focal point seed zones were more restricted in the south near Lake Superior, reflecting the more rapidly changing climate in this part of the study area. Since black spruce is closely adapted to local climate, these results will be useful to formulate successful seed transfers in this area. There are additional potential applications for matching seed sources to changing climates and for the identification of genetically unique populations. Keywords: black spruce, Picea mariana, adaptive variation, focal point seed zones.

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