Acid phosphatase isoforms in dry seeds and during seedling development in barley (Hordeum vulgare)

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-658
Author(s):  
S. Pasqualini ◽  
P. Batini ◽  
L. Ederli ◽  
F. Panara ◽  
M. Antonielli
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns

The acid phosphatase activity in the soluble, membrane, and cell wall fractions from Hordeum vulgare in dry seeds and during seedling development was investigated. The acid phosphatase activities were also assayed in barley roots and coleoptiles at different developmental stages. Electrophoretic patterns of multiple acid phosphatases in seeds, endosperms and embryos, and growing roots and coleoptiles are shown. The enzyme activity shows a rapid decrease in both roots and coleoptiles during growth. Using nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, multiple acid phosphatase forms were found in all the organs examined. However, no qualitative differences in the location of bands were observed between root and coleoptile extract at various stages of development. The coleoptile cell wall fraction showed an acid phosphatase form characterized by a very low electrophoretic mobility that was not found in the soluble fraction. Keywords: barley, Hordeum vulgare L., acid phosphatase, isoforms, seedlings growth.

BARLEY CULTIVAR IDENTIFICATION BY USE OF ISOZYME ELECTROPHORETIC PATTERNS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABDOLLAH BASSIRI
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Cultivar Identification ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Peroxidase Isozymes ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Complete Identification

Electrophoresis was employed to study esterase, acid phosphatase and peroxidase isozymes in shoot extracts from four local and eight introduced barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars. The numbers of bands obtained for esterase, phosphatase, anodal peroxidase and cathodal peroxidase systems were 21, 11, 10 and 7, respectively. Results indicated that esterase alone could be used to differentiate between most of the cultivars and whenever it failed to show differences in banding patterns between two or more cultivars, either phosphatase or anodal peroxidase systems could be applied for complete identification. No significant relationships were found between the banding patterns and agronomic characteristics of the cultivars. The results are compared with other published reports.

Ultrastructure and Senescence in an Achloroplastic Mutant of Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Dyan

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 844-845
Author(s):  
R.H.M. Cross ◽  
C.E.J. Botha ◽  
A.K. Cowan ◽  
B.J. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Lethal Mutant ◽  
Cytoplasmic Matrix ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Pinocytotic Vesicles

Senescence is an ordered degenerative process leading to death of individual cells, organs and organisms. The detection of a conditional lethal mutant (achloroplastic) of Hordeum vulgare has enabled us to investigate ultrastructural changes occurring in leaf tissue during foliar senescence.Examination of the tonoplast structure in six and 14 day-old mutant tissue revealed a progressive degeneration and disappearance of the membrane, apparently starting by day six in the vicinity of the mitochondria associated with the degenerating proplastid (Fig. 1.) where neither of the plastid membrane leaflets is evident (arrows, Fig. 1.). At this stage there was evidence that the mitochondrial membranes were undergoing retrogressive changes, coupled with disorganization of cristae (Fig. 2.). Proplastids (P) lack definitive prolamellar bodies. The cytoplasmic matrix is largely agranular, with few endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternae or polyribosomal aggregates. Interestingly, large numbers of actively-budding dictysomes, associated with pinocytotic vesicles, were observed in close proximity to the plasmalemma of mesophyll cells (Fig. 3.). By day 14 however, mesophyll cells showed almost complete breakdown of subcellular organelle structure (Fig. 4.), and further evidence for the breakdown of the tonoplast. The final stage of senescence is characterized by the solubilization of the cell wall due to expression and activity of polygalacturonase and/or cellulose. The presence of dictyosomes with associated pinocytotic vesicles formed from the mature face, in close proximity to both the plasmalemma and the cell wall, would appear to support the model proposed by Christopherson for the secretion of cellulase. This pathway of synthesis is typical for secretory glycoproteins.

scholarly journals Spike developmental stages and ABA role in spikelet primordia abortion contribute to the final yield in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faiza Boussora ◽  
Mohamed Allam ◽  
Ferdaous Guasmi ◽  
Ali Ferchichi ◽  
Twan Rutten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Final Yield

Phenological development–yield relationships in spring barley in a subarctic environment

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Dofing
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Fill Rate ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Early Maturing

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) producers in northern, marginal agricultural areas require cultivars that are both early maturing and high yielding. However, negative relationships between these two characteristics limit their simultaneous improvement. A better understanding of the relative contribution of the developmental stages to grain yield would assist breeders' selection. This study was undertaken to assess the relationships between patterns of phenological development and grain yield in barley grown in a subarctic environment. Sixteen genetically diverse spring barley cultivars were grown for 3 yr at Palmer, Alaska, and evaluated for grain fill rate, grain fill period, growing degree days (GDD) to heading, GDD from heading to physiological maturity, and GDD from physiological maturity to ripe maturity. Cultivars developed in temperate regions tended to have slower grain fill rates than those developed in subarctic regions. Rapid grain fill rate was associated with high kernel weight, but not with grain fill duration or grain yield. Increasing GDD to heading would result in higher grain yield, while increasing grain fill duration would have little effect. These results indicate that northern-adapted cultivars should have pre-heading periods lasting as long as possible, followed by short grain-fill periods. Simultaneous selection for early maturity and relatively long time to heading is recommended for the development of early-maturing, high-yielding cultivars adapted to northern conditions. Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare L., phenology, development, yield

Control of protein synthesis during the development of Acetabularia

Development ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-338
Author(s):  
Gabriel Ceron ◽  
E. Marshall Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Membrane Fraction ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Protein Species ◽  
General Phenomenon ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Zone Electrophoresis ◽  
Autoradiographic Analysis

Proteins from the soluble, chloroplastic and cell membrane fractions of axenically grown Acetabularia were analysed by zone electrophoresis. Incorporation of [14C]leucine into different proteins was measured by autoradiographic analysis of the electrophoretic patterns. The protein patterns from the soluble fraction remain constant with respect to the number of detectable bands but change with respect to the relative synthetic rates at various developmental stages. The protein patterns from the membrane fraction change with respect to both the number of protein species and the relative synthetic rates. The analysis of the synthetic performance of enucleated cells revealed that most of the proteins from the soluble and the membrane fractions continue to be synthesized in the absence of the nucleus and that the changes that normally occur in the protein patterns of the membrane fraction at the time of cap formation also take place in enucleated cells. This is taken as an indication that the control of the synthesis of the proteins studied is of extranuclear nature. It was also found that chloroplasts are capable of synthesizing all the components of the chloroplastic protein spectrum at least 4 weeks after enucleation. Some of the chloroplastic proteins can also be synthesized by purified chloroplasts in extracellular conditions. The possibility of extranuclear control of protein synthesis being a rather general phenomenon during the development of Acetabularia is discussed.

A synergistic effect of pretreatment on cell wall structural changes in barley straw (Hordeum vulgare L.) for efficient bioethanol production

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Mominul Islam Sheikh ◽  
Chul-Hwan Kim ◽  
Hyeong-Hun Park ◽  
Hye-Gyeong Nam ◽  
Gyeong Sun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

scholarly journals Culm Brittleness of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Mutants Is Caused by Smaller Number of Cellulose Molecules in Cell Wall

1991 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Kokubo ◽  
Naoki Sakurai ◽  
Susumu Kuraishi ◽  
Kazuyoshi Takeda
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

THE INFLUENCE OF INTER-PLANT COMPETITION ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SPIKES OF NON-TILLERING BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L. emend. Lam.)

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. BADRA ◽  
H. R. KLINCK
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Morphological Abnormalities ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Plant Densities

Tweaked and branched rachises are important morphological abnormalities affecting the number of spikelets per spike in uniculm barley. Five uniculm strains and two multiculm cultivars were tested at three seeding dates and nine plant densities involving different spatial arrangements. Significant differences were observed in the mature spikes between uniculm strains and multiculm cultivars, and between uniculm strains. The highest plant densities developed the lowest percentage of spike abnormalities. A significantly lower percentage of abnormalities occurred in material from the earliest seeding date. In a second experiment using the same genotypes, seeding dates and plant densities, it was found that tweaked and/or branched rachises found in the mature plant started to become visible during the first few weeks of seedling development. The development of these abnormalities seems to be influenced by temperature and plant density.

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