A synergistic effect of pretreatment on cell wall structural changes in barley straw (Hordeum vulgare L.) for efficient bioethanol production

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Mominul Islam Sheikh ◽  
Chul-Hwan Kim ◽  
Hyeong-Hun Park ◽  
Hye-Gyeong Nam ◽  
Gyeong Sun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

Ultrastructure and Senescence in an Achloroplastic Mutant of Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Dyan

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 844-845
Author(s):  
R.H.M. Cross ◽  
C.E.J. Botha ◽  
A.K. Cowan ◽  
B.J. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Lethal Mutant ◽  
Cytoplasmic Matrix ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Pinocytotic Vesicles

Senescence is an ordered degenerative process leading to death of individual cells, organs and organisms. The detection of a conditional lethal mutant (achloroplastic) of Hordeum vulgare has enabled us to investigate ultrastructural changes occurring in leaf tissue during foliar senescence.Examination of the tonoplast structure in six and 14 day-old mutant tissue revealed a progressive degeneration and disappearance of the membrane, apparently starting by day six in the vicinity of the mitochondria associated with the degenerating proplastid (Fig. 1.) where neither of the plastid membrane leaflets is evident (arrows, Fig. 1.). At this stage there was evidence that the mitochondrial membranes were undergoing retrogressive changes, coupled with disorganization of cristae (Fig. 2.). Proplastids (P) lack definitive prolamellar bodies. The cytoplasmic matrix is largely agranular, with few endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternae or polyribosomal aggregates. Interestingly, large numbers of actively-budding dictysomes, associated with pinocytotic vesicles, were observed in close proximity to the plasmalemma of mesophyll cells (Fig. 3.). By day 14 however, mesophyll cells showed almost complete breakdown of subcellular organelle structure (Fig. 4.), and further evidence for the breakdown of the tonoplast. The final stage of senescence is characterized by the solubilization of the cell wall due to expression and activity of polygalacturonase and/or cellulose. The presence of dictyosomes with associated pinocytotic vesicles formed from the mature face, in close proximity to both the plasmalemma and the cell wall, would appear to support the model proposed by Christopherson for the secretion of cellulase. This pathway of synthesis is typical for secretory glycoproteins.

Acid phosphatase isoforms in dry seeds and during seedling development in barley (Hordeum vulgare)

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-658
Author(s):  
S. Pasqualini ◽  
P. Batini ◽  
L. Ederli ◽  
F. Panara ◽  
M. Antonielli
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns

The acid phosphatase activity in the soluble, membrane, and cell wall fractions from Hordeum vulgare in dry seeds and during seedling development was investigated. The acid phosphatase activities were also assayed in barley roots and coleoptiles at different developmental stages. Electrophoretic patterns of multiple acid phosphatases in seeds, endosperms and embryos, and growing roots and coleoptiles are shown. The enzyme activity shows a rapid decrease in both roots and coleoptiles during growth. Using nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, multiple acid phosphatase forms were found in all the organs examined. However, no qualitative differences in the location of bands were observed between root and coleoptile extract at various stages of development. The coleoptile cell wall fraction showed an acid phosphatase form characterized by a very low electrophoretic mobility that was not found in the soluble fraction. Keywords: barley, Hordeum vulgare L., acid phosphatase, isoforms, seedlings growth.

scholarly journals Culm Brittleness of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Mutants Is Caused by Smaller Number of Cellulose Molecules in Cell Wall

1991 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Kokubo ◽  
Naoki Sakurai ◽  
Susumu Kuraishi ◽  
Kazuyoshi Takeda
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

scholarly journals The Pattern of Lignin Deposition in The Cell Walls of Internodes During Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Development

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidija Begović ◽  
Jelena Ravlić ◽  
Hrvoje Lepeduš ◽  
Dunja Leljak-Levanić ◽  
Vera Cesar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Lignin Deposition

Abstract The aim of this paper is to elucidate relationship between anatomical changes and lignin deposition dynamics in the cell wall of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) internodes during four growth stages: heading, flowering, grain filling and ripening. Microscopy was used to analyze anatomical changes related to lignin deposition whereas peroxidase activity was spectrophotometrically determined. In transversal sections lignin was found to be predominant in the sclerenchyma ring in cortex, where particularly lignified cell walls were found. Peroxidase activity was increased in older internodes and their localization in situ was in positive correlation with tissue lignification. Our results showed that, depending on the cultivar, at the flowering and grain filling stages intensive lignin synthesis and deposition occurred. This showed that deposition of lignin in the cell wall at a particular growth stage is in correlation with the lodging resistant phenotype of the investigated cultivars. The results contribute to the understanding of the lignin deposition process during barley development and consequential cell wall thickness.

scholarly journals Cell wall structural changes in wheat straw pretreated for bioethanol production

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan B Kristensen ◽  
Lisbeth G Thygesen ◽  
Claus Felby ◽  
Henning Jorgensen ◽  
Thomas Elder
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Bioethanol Production

Cell Wall Polysaccharides of Callus and Suspension-Cultured Cells from Three Cellulose-less Mutants of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

1995 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 931-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Up-Dong Yeo ◽  
Woong-Young Soh ◽  
Hideo Tasaka ◽  
Naoki Sakurai ◽  
Susumu Kuraishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Suspension Cultured Cells
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