Development, regeneration, and parasitic interactions between the lichens Fulgensia bracteata and Toninia caeruleonigricans

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 595-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sieglinde Ott ◽  
Thomas Meier ◽  
Hans Martin Jahns
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Lichen Substances ◽  
Parasitic Interactions ◽  
Parasitic Association

A possible source of Trebouxia algae for lichens are the thalli of lichens that are attacked by another mycobiont that captures the algae for its own symbiotic use. Such a process is described for Fulgensia bracteata living in parasitic association with Toninia caeruleonigricans. The development of the thalli of Toninia and the parasitic attack of Fulgensia are analysed in detail. The infection of Toninia is achieved by ascospores and can be demonstrated by the presence of secondary lichen substances typical for Fulgensia, which occur in infected thalli of Toninia. Fulgensia also overgrows other lichens, but these thalli are not invaded. The special abilities of Toninia and various methods for distribution and regeneration compensate for the parasitism and the association remains stable. The ecology of the small developmental stages of Toninia and Fulgensia shows important differences. Key words: Fulgensia, Toninia, Trebouxia development, parasitism, ecology.

scholarly journals Developmental stages of a mottled emigrant butterfly, catopsilia pyranthe

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Arju ◽  
MA Bashar ◽  
G Moula
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Laboratory Condition ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Life Cycle Duration

The overall life cycle, duration and survival rate of different developmental stages (egg, larva and pupa) of Catopsilia pyranthe conducted at 27 ± 3°C and RH 75% ± 2. showed that within 6.4 days 68% eggs hatched. The average duration from egg to adult, larval stage and pupal were 23.87, 10.93 and 6.8 days, respectively. Fifty six out of 68 larvae successfully completed their whole 5 instars. There were positive correlation among the larval instars, amount of food consumption and excretion of faeces. About 52% pupa were emerged as adult at laboratory condition. Key words: Life cycle; Catopsilia pyranthe; Developmental stages; Rearing DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v19i2.8961 DUJBS 2010; 19(2): 171-179

Sapindaceous flowers from the Middle Eocene Princeton chert (Allenby Formation) of British Columbia, Canada

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 2025-2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane M. Erwin ◽  
Ruth A. Stockey
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Anther Wall

Seventeen small, staminate flowers, 3.0–4.5 mm long × 1.0–1.5 mm wide, representing two developmental stages of the same type of flower have been recovered from the Middle Eocene Princeton chert locality of British Columbia. Some specimens are immature buds with overlapping perianth parts enclosing the stamens; others represent mature flowers with an open perianth. Flowers are pedicellate with a small flat receptacle bearing a perianth of at least three sepals and up to four petals. Five specimens show a three- to four-lobed rudimentary pistil surrounded by an intrastaminal nectary disk. The 10 stamens are included or barely exserted with nonconnate filaments, 1.2–2.0 mm long, attached by a slender connective to large dithecal anthers up to about 0.9 mm long that open by longitudinal slits. The anther wall is represented by a palisadelike endothecium composed of cells that are thick-walled and radially elongated relative to the long axis of the anther. Abundant in situ pollen is semitectate–columellate, tricolporate, subprolate to prolate, and prominently striated with equatorially bridged colpi. This fossil combines flower and pollen characteristics similar to those of the Sapindaceae, resembling most closely the tribe Dodonaeeae. Key words: Sapindales, Dodonaeeae, Tertiary, permineralization, flowers, pollen.

scholarly journals DIFFERENCES IN CARCASS TRAITS OF THREE BREEDS OF SWINE AND CROSSES AT FIVE STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. McKAY ◽  
W. E. REMPEL ◽  
S. G. CORNELIUS ◽  
C. E. ALLEN
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
The Third ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Reciprocal Differences ◽  
Breed Crosses

Carcass measurements from 249 pigs representing all possible two-breed crosses of Minnesota No. 1 (M), Pietrain (P), and Yorkshire (Y) breeds were recorded following slaughter at five developmental stages (35 days of age, 22.5 kg, 45.0 kg, 67.5 kg, and 90.0 kg liveweight). The objectives were to determine how advancing maturity affected reciprocal differences and heterosis, to examine breed differences, and to calculate growth curves for these measurements. Three distinct patterns were observed for reciprocal differences. The first was an increase in magnitude, the second parabolic, and the third a decrease in magnitude. Statistically significant heterosis estimates were too few to allow for an examination of trends associated with advancing maturity. The following breed differences were found: (M = Y)>P for carcass length, M>(P = Y) for mean backfat thickness, P>Y>M for loin eye area, ham weight, boned ham weight, semitendinosus weight, biceps femoris weight, and semimembranosus weight, (P = Y)>M for loin weight, shoulder weight, biceps brachii weights, femur weight, and ham and loin percentage, and Y>(M = P) for humerus weight. The growth curves indicated that 80% of total carcass length was achieved by 45.0 kg, mean backfat thickness, loin eye area, femur weight, and humerus weight had 80% of their growth completed by 67.5 kg, and boned ham weight, loin weight, shoulder weight, biceps brachii weight, ham weight, semitendinosus weight, semimembranosus weight, and biceps femoris increased directly proportional to liveweight. Key words: Reciprocal differences, heterosis, breed differences, carcass, growth curves, pigs

Baeoctenus bicolor (Diptera: Chironomidae) Parasitic in Unionid Bivalve Molluscs, and Notes on Other Chironomid–Bivalve Associations

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Gordon ◽  
B. K. Swan ◽  
C. G. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
Chironomid Species ◽  
Parasitic Association

Parasitic association of Baeoctenus bicolor Sæther with the bivalves Anodonta cataracta and A. implicata in Morice Lake, New Brunswick, is described. An intimate relationship was also found between an undescribed genus of orthoclad (near Phycoidella) and A. cataracta but not A. implicata. Neither chironomid species was found in the other two genera of unionids that occur in the lake. Key words: Baeoctenus bicolor, Chironomidae, parasitism, Unionidae, Anodonta cataracta

Cytology and genetics of a dikaryotic strain of Lentinus edodes carrying two haplolethal factors

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hasebe ◽  
S. Murakami ◽  
A. Tsuneda
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Lentinus Edodes ◽  
Lethal Factors ◽  
Eventual Death

Basidiospore progeny of a dikaryotic strain (TMI-655) of Lentinus edodes showed abnormalities in germination and subsequent hyphal growth. In the basidia, meiosis and sporulation completed normally, and mature, uninucleate basidiospores were formed. On agar medium, about half of the basidiospores either failed to germinate or ceased to grow at early stages of germination (mostly before septation) and then degenerated. Among these, irregularly swollen spores showing an apparent sign of wall autolysis were commonly observed. The other half of the basidiospores succeeded in germination and developed into multicellular germlings, but only half of them (i.e., approximately one-quarter of the initial population) survived and formed colonies. Those germlings that failed to form colonies were characterized by spherical swellings, abnormal branching, and eventual death of the component cells. These results indicated the presence of two recessive haplophasic lethal factors that segregated independently and were operative at different developmental stages. Genetic analysis showed that both of the lethal factors were carried by one of the component nuclei of TMI-655 and were transmitted through dikaryotic–monokaryotic matings, and that one of the lethal factors was linked to the A incompatibility factor. Key words: cytology, genetics, basidiospore germination, haplolethal factor, Lentinus edodes.

scholarly journals Nutrition of ovule, embryo sac, and young embryo in soybean: an anatomical and autoradiographic study

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1153-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Chamberlin ◽  
Harry T. Horner ◽  
Reid G. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Autoradiographic Study ◽  
Globular Embryo ◽  
Young Embryo ◽  
Embryo Stage ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Vascular Trace

Photosynthesizing soybean plants were exposed to 14CO2 to study the incorporation of labeled water-insoluble photosynthates in ovules at various developmental stages. Using autoradiographic techniques on sectioned material, we show that the distribution of labeled carbon in different ovular tissues is regulated spatially and temporally. During zygote through globular stages of embryo development, labeled assimilates accumulate in integumentary tissue adjacent to the micropylar and chalazal poles of the embryo sac. A chalazal vascular trace and two adfunicular vascular strands are the pathways for accumulation of 14C in these regions. Up through the proembryo stage, movement of labeled photoassimilates into the lateral regions of the embryo sac seems blocked by a cuticle-like layer between the endothelium and embryo sac. At the globular embryo stage, the greatest accumulation of label is still at the chalazal and the micropylar ends of the embryo sac, but fragmentation of the cuticle-like barrier coincident with cellularization of endosperm allows channeling of labeled carbon from adjacent integumentary tissue into the embryo sac as well. Autoradiographic evidence for carbon flow into the embryo sac can be correlated with ultrastructural and morphological changes in time in ovular and endosperm tissues enclosing the embryo. Key words: autoradiography, embryo sac, Glycine, nutrition, ovule.

scholarly journals Combined effect of UV-radiation and triflumuron on the progeny of Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer)(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) at different storage period

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmuda Begum ◽  
Selina Parween ◽  
Saiful Islam Faruki
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Complete Reduction ◽  
Alphitobius Diaperinus ◽  
Lesser Mealworm ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae ◽  
Uv Rays

Eggs of the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) were exposed to UV-rays of 254nm wavelength for different durations viz. 1, 2, 4 and 8 minutes. After seven days of hatching, larvae of each exposure were reared separately on triflumuron (1 x 10-3 mg/kg) treated food and observed the population of various developmental stages e.g., egg, larval, pupal and adult at storage periods of 3-, 6- and 9-months. UVrays and triflumuron treatments deleteriously reduced the populations of all the developmental stages of A. diaperinus. Egg and pupal populations of the beetle were adversely influenced by the storage periods also. Complete reduction of A. diaperinus populations was achieved from 6-9 months storage periods, when eggs were exposed to UV-rays for 8 minutes. Key words: Mealworm, UV-rays, IGR, progeny production Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 26, 2007. pp. 45-48

scholarly journals Developmental stages of red the spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae Neitner (Acari: Tetranychidae) infesting rose

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 71-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Haque ◽  
A Wahab ◽  
N Naher ◽  
Afroza Begum
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Red Spider Mite ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Oligonychus Coffeae

The experiment was conducted to study the duration of different developmental stages of Oligonychus coffeae Nietner in six generations in different seasons of the year. The eggs of O. coffeae developed to adult within the shortest duration of 5.30±0.16 days at 30.28°C and 76.00% RH in June, but it took 12.91±0.21 days at 19.80°C and 75.41% RH in January. The highest temperature accelerated the developmental rate and reduced the duration of developmental stages. Temperature exerted significant effect on all the developmental stages of O. coffeae except deutonymph. But the relative humidity had no significant effect except deutonymph. Key words: Developmental stages, red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae rose Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 26, 2007. pp. 71-72

scholarly journals Study on the developmental Stages of Spider Mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) Infesting Country Bean

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmoon Naher ◽  
Md Wahedul Islam ◽  
M Khalequzzaman ◽  
Mohd Mainul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Larval Period ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

The duration of developmental stages of Tetranychus urticae Koch was studied in different months of a year at room temperature. In addition fecundity of this mite was also observed in winter, autumn and summer seasons. T. urticae eggs hatched to larvae in the shortest duration of 1.07 ± 0.26 days and the longest duration of 11.67 ± 2.33 days in April and January, respectively. The larval period of T. urticae took the shortest time of 0.55 ± 0.50 days in May and 2.93 ± 1.07 days in December. The protonymph transformed to deutonymph in 0.89 ± 0.32 day in May and 3.71 ± 1.94 in December and January. The deutonymph required the shortest duration of 0.92 ± 0.41 days in August and the longest of 10.26 ± 1.48 days in January. The temperature played significant (P<0.001) role on the duration of developmental stages of T. urticae. The high temperature accelerated the developmental rate and reduced the duration of developmental periods. Its life cycle completed within 4.22 ± 0.46 days at 28.53 ± 3.17°C but 28.33 ± 2.36 days at 13.78 ± 2.36°C. A female T. urticae deposited 82.46 ± 4.11 eggs in autumn, 62.96 ± 12.09 eggs in summer and 58.21 ±1 3.65 eggs in winter. Key words: Developmental stages, Tetranychus urticae, temperature, fecundity   DOI:10.3329/jbs.v16i0.3751 J. bio-sci. 16: 109-114, 2008

Correlated Studies of Cellular Interactions Using TEM, Freeze Etching, and SEM

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 320-321
Author(s):  
J. P. Revel
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Early Developmental

Movement of individual cells or of cell sheets and complex patterns of folding play a prominent role in the early developmental stages of the embryo. Our understanding of these processes is based on three- dimensional reconstructions laboriously prepared from serial sections, and from autoradiographic and other studies. Many concepts have also evolved from extrapolation of investigations of cell movement carried out in vitro. The scanning electron microscope now allows us to examine some of these events in situ. It is possible to prepare dissections of embryos and even of tissues of adult animals which reveal existing relationships between various structures more readily than used to be possible vithout an SEM.

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