Condensed tannins in sainfoin. II. Occurrence and changes during leaf development

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1540-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Lees ◽  
M. Y. Gruber ◽  
N. H. Suttill
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Leaf Primordia ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Onobrychis Viciifolia ◽  
Mature Phase

A histological study examined condensed tannin (CT) formation in plant tissue samples taken from the meristematic area of very young sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) seedlings and from leaflets sampled at various stages of development in mature plants growing in the greenhouse. Light and electron microscopy revealed no CT in the seedling meristem and leaf primordia, but CTs were seen very early in leaf development forming first in the vacuoles of discrete cells of the abaxial subepidermal layer when the leaflets were recognizable, but still folded. Immature leaflets collected from the growing point of a mature sainfoin plant show similar CT formation with the abaxial cell vacuoles filled with CT when the new leaves have reached the 90°-fold stage. As the leaflets unfold and mature, CTs begin to appear in the vacuoles of small, but discrete cells in the adaxial subepidermal layer while the tannin-containing cells in the abaxial subepidermal layer begin to lose CT. The CT continues to increase in the adaxial layer until typical enlarged tannin idioblasts or sacs are observed at full leaflet expansion and maturity. By this stage, the vacuoles in the abaxial layer are almost empty. In senescing leaflet samples collected from the leaf rachis attached to the last and second to last node near the base of the plant, the cells in both subepidermal layers have lost the majority of the CT that was originally formed. At senescence all tannin-containing cells appear as empty shells. We speculate that a finite amount of CT is formed in the two subepidermal layers of new leaves at different stages of early leaf development, does not increase during the mature phase, and is catabolized in older leaves and during senescence. Key words: condensed tannins, sainfoin, Onobrychis viciifolia, leaf development.

Condensed tannins in sainfoin. 1. A histological and cytological survey of plant tissues

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1147-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Lees ◽  
N. H. Suttill ◽  
M. Y. Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Onobrychis Viciifolia ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Fine Localization ◽  
Cellular Organelles

Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) organs and tissues were surveyed for the presence of proanthocyanidins or condensed tannin (CT) in an attempt to learn more about CT formation. Three histological methods were used: a vanillin–HCl stain to localize areas of CT formation through a distinctive cherry-red coloration of CT-containing cells; osmium fixation to further localize CT formation in cellular organelles using light microscopy; and fine localization and examination using electron microscopy. Cells containing CTs were found in relatively large numbers throughout the sainfoin plant in all organs except the roots. No CTs were found in the cotyledons or in some petals. Ultrastructural studies revealed that CTs are restricted to the vacuoles and appear to accumulate on the inner periphery adjacent to the tonoplast or in the centre of the organelle, possibly next to vacuolar invaginations. Key words: condensed tannin, proanthocyanidin, sainfoin, histology, transmission electron microscopy.

scholarly journals In situ strategy for biomedical target localization via nanogold nucleation and secondary growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Sawaguchi ◽  
Takeshi Kamimura ◽  
Nobuyasu Takahashi ◽  
Atsushi Yamashita ◽  
Yujiro Asada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Cell Tissue ◽  
Nanogold Particles ◽  
And Function

AbstractImmunocytochemistry visualizes the exact spatial location of target molecules. The most common strategy for ultrastructural immunocytochemistry is the conjugation of nanogold particles to antibodies as probes. However, conventional nanogold labelling requires time-consuming nanogold probe preparation and ultrathin sectioning of cell/tissue samples. Here, we introduce an in situ strategy involving nanogold nucleation in immunoenzymatic products on universal paraffin/cryostat sections and provide unique insight into nanogold development under hot-humid air conditions. Nanogold particles were specifically localized on kidney podocytes to target synaptopodin. Transmission electron microscopy revealed secondary growth and self-assembly that could be experimentally controlled by bovine serum albumin stabilization and phosphate-buffered saline acceleration. Valuable retrospective nanogold labelling for gastric H+/K+-ATPase was achieved on vintage immunoenzymatic deposits after a long lapse of 15 years (i.e., 15-year-old deposits). The present in situ nanogold labelling is anticipated to fill the gap between light and electron microscopy to correlate cell/tissue structure and function.

scholarly journals Preservation of Fluorescence Signal and Imaging Optimization for Integrated Light and Electron Microscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Baatsen ◽  
Sergio Gabarre ◽  
Katlijn Vints ◽  
Rosanne Wouters ◽  
Dorien Vandael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Microscopy Imaging ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Rapid Acquisition

Life science research often needs to define where molecules are located within the complex environment of a cell or tissue. Genetically encoded fluorescent proteins and or fluorescence affinity-labeling are the go-to methods. Although recent fluorescent microscopy methods can provide localization of fluorescent molecules with relatively high resolution, an ultrastructural context is missing. This is solved by imaging a region of interest with correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM). We have adopted a protocol that preserves both genetically-encoded and antibody-derived fluorescent signals in resin-embedded cell and tissue samples and provides high-resolution electron microscopy imaging of the same thin section. This method is particularly suitable for dedicated CLEM instruments that combine fluorescence and electron microscopy optics. In addition, we optimized scanning EM imaging parameters for samples of varying thicknesses. These protocols will enable rapid acquisition of CLEM information from samples and can be adapted for three-dimensional EM.

Initiation of placentation in the pig

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 730-731
Author(s):  
J.L. Keys
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Microscopic Structure ◽  
Initial Attachment ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
The Past ◽  
Early Developmental Stages ◽  
Early Developmental

The microscopic structure of the mature placenta in domesticated species has been described in many publications but the early developmental stages have only been studied in detail within the past decade. The earliest date previously cited for initial attachment of the porcine trophoblast to the maternal epithelium is 14 to 18 days of gestation. This investigation was undertaken to establish morphological changes in the maternal epithelium in preparation for this event.Four or 5 nulliparous gilts were slaughtered on each of d10 and d13 of the estrous cycle and pregnancy (d0=1st d of estrus), and tissue samples prepared for correlative light and electron microscopy. Samples were compared between gilts on equivalent days of the cycle/pregnancy in order to determine endometrial changes specific to pregnancy. Sites adjacent to embryos were contrasted with those lacking trophoblastic contact within the same animal to investigate whether epithelial adaptations for attachment are localized to trophoblast proximity or represent a generalized uterine response.

scholarly journals Alport’s syndrome and benign familial haematuria: Light and electron microscopic studies of the kidney

2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (Suppl. 4) ◽  
pp. 275-281
Author(s):  
Jovan Dimitrijevic ◽  
Vera Todorovic ◽  
Anastasija Aleksic ◽  
Dijana Jovanovic ◽  
Dijana Pilcevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Hereditary Nephritis ◽  
Hereditary Nephropathy

INTRODUCTION. Hereditary nephropathy is clinically characterized by the familial occurrence in successive generations of progressive haematuric nephritis and neural hearing loss. Hereditary nephropathy of Alport?s syndrome (AS) and benign familial (recurrent) haematuria (BFH) are morphologically characterized by specific and diagnostically important thickening and splitting of lamina densa of the glomerular basement membranes. Those lesions can be recognized only by electron microscopy. Hereditary nephritis is usually present clinically with haematuria, and new mutations without a family history of haematuria. It is therefore important to differentiate hereditary nephritis from BFH and no familial haematuria. Thus, electron microscopy is essential in diagnosis of haematuria. OBJECTIVE. The aim of this study was to describe, by light microscopy, constellation of renal alterations by which hereditary nephropathy can be recognized with high probability as well as to compare the diagnostic validity of the findings observed by light and electron microscopy in AS and BFH. METHOD. We examined 48 renal biopsies of the patients with hereditary nephoropathies by light and electron microscopy. Tissue samples were fixed in buffered paraformaldehyde and embedded in paraffin for long-term preservation. For the electron microscopy analysis, the following fixation in 4% glutaraldehyde tissue was postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide. Thereafter, the following dehydration procedure tissue slices were embedded in epon. RESULTS. Our results demonstrated that the interstitial foam cells, foetal-like glomeruli, minimal glomerular abnormalities with stain less intense in basement membranes, mild irregular mesangial widening, focal thickening of Bowman?s capsule, foci of dilatation tubules, tubular ectasia and atrophy, erythrocyte tubules casts were present in hereditary nephritis. Additionally, light microscopic biopsy findings in patients with BFH were either normal or revealed minor changes (e.g. increased mesangial matrix). All biopsies were reevaluated by electron microscopy and ultrastructural findings confirmed the diagnosis of hereditary nephropathies. CONCLUSION. The findings observed by light microscopy represent an important step that leads to a definitive diagnosis of AS and BFH. The definitive diagnosis, however, depends on electron microscopy.

Localization of condensed tannins in apple fruit peel, pulp, and seeds

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 1897-1904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garry L. Lees ◽  
Neil H. Suttill ◽  
Katharine M. Wall ◽  
Thomas H. Beveridge
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Apple Peel ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Variable Light

Seven varieties of post-harvest apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit, i.e., Spartan, McIntosh, Newtown, Royal Gala, Jonagold, Red Delicious, and Golden Delicious, were examined for the presence and location of condensed tannins in the peel, pulp, and seeds. Statistically significant differences in the condensed tannin content were found between varieties and sources, and in different tissues within a variety. Red Delicious had the greatest amount of condensed tannin in the peel and pulp, whereas Golden Delicious had the least. The amount in the seed was low and variable. Light and electron microscopy revealed tannins in the hypodermal layers of the peel, near the floral bundles in the cortex of the pulp, and in the thick-walled sclerenchyma and crushed parenchyma of the testa. The condensed tannin deposits in the peel appeared most concentrated in the hypodermal cell layer adjacent to the epidermis, with lesser amounts in cell layers closer to the cortex. Electron micrographs revealed that condensed tannin deposits were always found in the vacuole, taking different forms, and mainly associated with the tonoplast. Key words: condensed tannins, apple, peel, pulp, seed, vanillin–HCl, microscopy.

Morphogenetic studies on excised leaves of Osmunda cinnamomea: histological studies of leaf development in sterile nutrient culture

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1005-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Caponetti ◽  
T. A. Steeves
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Leaf Primordia ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Nutrient Culture

Leaf primordia of Osmunda cinnamomea L. explanted to a culture medium of simple composition at the end of three of their five seasons of development, complete their normal morphogenetic sequence but produce mature leaves of greatly reduced size. A histological study of the ground tissues of the rachis of cultured leaves reveals that, at least in these tissues, the size reduction results from a diminished cell number rather than from reduced cell elongation. It is apparent that, at every stage of development, cell division is greatly curtailed and that cell elongation begins precociously. Nevertheless, the pattern of development, including the distribution of mitotic activity at critical stages in the morphogenesis of the leaf, is normal. It is concluded that the effects of isolation upon leaves at this stage of development are quantitative ones upon the extent and duration of cell division and cell elongation.

Grinding and polishing instead of sectioning for the tissue samples with a graft: Implications for light and electron microscopy

Micron ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinat A. Mukhamadiyarov ◽  
Victoria V. Sevostyanova ◽  
Daria K. Shishkova ◽  
Andrey V. Nokhrin ◽  
Olga D. Sidorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Grinding And Polishing

The Morphology of Vacuolated Cells in the Liver Following Administration of Vitamin A.

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 408-409
Author(s):  
Odell T. Minick ◽  
Hidejiro Yokoo ◽  
Fawzia Batti
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Vascular Space ◽  
Vacuolated Cell ◽  
Vacuolated Cells ◽  
Vacuolated Cytoplasm

Vacuolated cells in the liver of young rats were studied by light and electron microscopy following the administration of vitamin A (200 units per gram of body weight). Their characteristics were compared with similar cells found in untreated animals.In rats given vitamin A, cells with vacuolated cytoplasm were a prominent feature. These cells were found mostly in a perisinusoidal location, although some appeared to be in between liver cells (Fig. 1). Electron microscopy confirmed their location in Disse's space adjacent to the sinusoid and in recesses between liver cells. Some appeared to be bordering the lumen of the sinusoid, but careful observation usually revealed a tenuous endothelial process separating the vacuolated cell from the vascular space. In appropriate sections, fenestrations in the thin endothelial processes were noted (Fig. 2, arrow).

Control of Autogenous Vein Grafts Prior to Reimplantation, By Electron Microscopy

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 106-107
Author(s):  
John H. L. Watson ◽  
John L. Swedo ◽  
M. Vrandecic
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Vein Grafts ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Saphenous Veins ◽  
Autogenous Vein ◽  
Control Of Parameters ◽  
Post Implantation

The ambient temperature and the nature of the storage fluids may well have significant effects upon the post-implantation behavior of venus autografts. A first step in the investigation of such effects is reported here. Experimental conditions have been set which approximate actual operating room procedures. Saphenous veins from dogs have been used as models in the experiments. After removal from the dogs the veins were kept for two hours under four different experimental conditions, viz at either 4°C or 23°C in either physiological saline or whole canine arterial blood. At the end of the two hours they were prepared for light and electron microscopy. Since no obvious changes or damage could be seen in the veins by light microscopy, even with the advantage of tissue specific stains, it was essential that the control of parameters for successful grafts be set by electron microscopy.

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