Fungi-vegetation relationships in a Pinus sylvestris forest in central Norway

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 807-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigurd M. Såstad
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi ◽  
Field Layer ◽  
Mantel Tests ◽  
Total Cover

The macrofungal Basidiomycete community of a Pinus sylvestris forest was investigated in 50 plots, 2 × 2 m, to see how vegetation composition and space influenced the distribution of saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal fungi. Mantel tests and partial Mantel tests revealed a relationship between total cover of the field layer and mycorrhizal fungi, and total cover of the bottom layer and saprotrophic fungi. These results are consistent with the predictions that mycorrhizal fungi are mainly influenced by plant species present in the root zone, whereas saprotrophic fungi are mainly influenced by the plant species of the bottom layer. Variation in the abundance of tree species did not influence the distribution of macrofungal species at this scale. The spatial patterns of fungal distribution found in this study did not deviate significantly from a random distribution. Indirect ordination showed that the ectomycorrhizal fungi mainly responded to a gradient in cover of the field layer, whereas the saprotrophs seemed to respond to a complex gradient of cover of field and bottom layer, moisture, and paludification. A direct ordination using both vegetation and fungi descriptors indicated that some of the covariation in the saprotrophic fungi and the bottom layer might be coordinated responses to changes in the field layer. A considerably higher β diversity was found among the fungi than in the vegetation. Key words: basidiomycetes, saprotrophic fungi, mycorrhizal fungi, fungi–vegetation relationships, Mantel test, ordination.

scholarly journals Fungal diversity regulates plant-soil feedbacks in temperate grassland

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. eaau4578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Semchenko ◽  
Jonathan W. Leff ◽  
Yudi M. Lozano ◽  
Sirgi Saar ◽  
John Davison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Vegetation Dynamics ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Temperate Grassland ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi ◽  
Plant Resource ◽  
Plant Soil

Feedbacks between plants and soil microbial communities play an important role in vegetation dynamics, but the underlying mechanisms remain unresolved. Here, we show that the diversity of putative pathogenic, mycorrhizal, and saprotrophic fungi is a primary regulator of plant-soil feedbacks across a broad range of temperate grassland plant species. We show that plant species with resource-acquisitive traits, such as high shoot nitrogen concentrations and thin roots, attract diverse communities of putative fungal pathogens and specialist saprotrophs, and a lower diversity of mycorrhizal fungi, resulting in strong plant growth suppression on soil occupied by the same species. Moreover, soil properties modulate feedbacks with fertile soils, promoting antagonistic relationships between soil fungi and plants. This study advances our capacity to predict plant-soil feedbacks and vegetation dynamics by revealing fundamental links between soil properties, plant resource acquisition strategies, and the diversity of fungal guilds in soil.

scholarly journals Pulsatilla patens (Ranunculaceae), a perennial herb, is ectomycorrhizal in northeastern Poland and likely shares ectomycorrhizal fungi with Pinus sylvestris

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Hoeksema ◽  
Mélanie Roy ◽  
Grazyna Łaska ◽  
Aneta Sienkiewicz ◽  
Amber Horning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Coniferous Tree ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
Common Mycorrhizal Networks ◽  
Mycorrhizal Networks ◽  
Northeastern Poland ◽  
Pulsatilla Patens

The sharing of species of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) among different co-occurring host plant species could allow the formation of common mycorrhizal networks, which can alter plant–plant interactions and succession. Such sharing of EMF among woody species is thought to be common in many forests, but very few herbaceous plants form EMF, so they are assumed to be excluded from EMF networks in forests. We studied the EMF on roots of a common coniferous tree, <em>Pinus sylvestris</em>, and a co-occurring rare herbaceous perennial plant, <em>Pulsatilla patens</em> (Ranunculaceae), in northeastern Poland. We examined roots from co-occuring <em>P. sylvestris</em> and <em>P. patens</em>, visually classified EMF into morphotypes, studied tissue sections of mycorrhizal structures using compound microscopy, and used DNA sequencing to identify the fungi. On both host plant species, we observed EMF colonization, with colonized root tips exhibiting a swollen appearance, as well as a variety of colors and textures of fungal mycelium covering and emanating from those swollen tips. Sectioning and microscopic examination of an EMF morphotype common on <em>P. patens</em> confirmed the presence of a mantle and Hartig net, indicating the likely presence of functional ectomycorrhizal structures. The two most frequent EMF were <em>Cenococcum geophilum</em> and <em>Piloderma olivaceum</em>, and the latter was found to associate with both host plant species. Several EMF found here only on <em>P. patens</em>, including <em>C. geophilum</em> and two <em>Russula</em> species, are known from previous studies to also associate with <em>P. sylvestris</em> and other tree species. The observation of shared EMF between a coniferous tree and an understory herb indicates the potential for common mycorrhizal networks to alter interactions between these two species and may also indicate a unique way in which the distribution and abundance of a rare herbaceous plant may be influenced by shared mutualisms with a common co-occurring woody plant.

scholarly journals Biological enhancement of mineral weathering by <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> seedlings – effects of plants, ectomycorrhizal fungi, and elevated CO<sub>2</sub>

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas P. Rosenstock ◽  
Patrick A. W. van Hees ◽  
Petra M. A. Fransson ◽  
Roger D. Finlay ◽  
Anna Rosling
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Seedling Biomass

Abstract. Better understanding and quantifying the relative influence of plants, associated mycorrhizal fungi, and abiotic factors such as elevated CO2 on biotic weathering is essential to constraining weathering estimates. We employed a column microcosm system to examine the effects of elevated CO2 and Pinus sylvestris seedlings, with or without the ectomycorrhizal fungi Piloderma fallax and Suillus variegatus, on rhizosphere soil solution concentrations of low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOA) and weathering of primary minerals. Seedlings significantly increased mineral weathering, as estimated from elemental budgets of Ca, K, Mg, and Si. Elevated CO2 increased plant growth and LMWOA concentrations, but had no effect on weathering. Colonization by ectomycorrhizal fungi, particularly P. fallax, showed some tendency to increase weathering. LMWOA concentrations correlated with seedling biomass across both CO2 and mycorrhizal treatments, but not with total weathering. We conclude that nutrient uptake, which reduces transport limitation to weathering, is the primary mechanism by which plants enhanced weathering in this system. While the experimental system used departs from conditions in forest soils in a number of ways, these results are in line with weathering studies performed at the ecosystem, macrocosm, and microcosm scale, indicating that nutrient uptake by plants and microbes is an important biological mechanism by which mineral weathering is enhanced.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomales, Zygomycota) of the Bledowska Desert, Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Błaszkowski ◽  
Mariusz Tadych ◽  
Tadeusz Madej
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Dry Soil

The occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; <em>Glomales</em>, <em>Zygomycetes</em>) associated with plants growing in sand dune soils of the Blędowska Desert, Poland, was investigated in 1995-1997. A total of 134 mixtures of soils and roots were sampled. The mixtures represented 26 plant species in 14 families and one unrecognized plant. Spores of AMF were found in 118 soil-root mixtures. The AMF spore populations comprised 20 described species of the genera <em>Acaulospora</em>, <em>Gigaspora</em>, <em>Glomus</em> and <em>Scutellospora</em>, as well as two undescribed morphospecies of the genus <em>Glomus</em>. The AMF most frequently occurring in the field-collected soils were members of the genus <em>Scutellospora</em> The AMF spore populations comprised 20 described species in the genera <em>Acaulospora</em>, <em>Gigaspora</em>, <em>Glomus</em> and <em>Scutellospora</em>, as well as two undescribed morpho-species of the genus <em>Glomus</em>. The fungal species most frequently and numerously found was <em>Scutellospora armeniaca</em>. The fungi relatively frequently present also were <em>A. rugosa</em>, <em>A. lacunosa</em>, <em>G. aggregatum</em>, an undescribed <em>Glomus</em> 142 and <em>Sc. dipurpurescens</em>. The overall spore abundance of AMF averaged 69.1 and ranged from 0 to 837 in 100 g dry soil. The highest abundance of spores occurred among roots of the families <em>Cupressaceae</em>, followed by the <em>Rosaceae</em>, <em>Asteraceae</em> and <em>Poaceae</em>. Of the plant species investigated two and more times, most spores harboured <em>Juniperus communis</em>. The overall average species richness was 2.4 and ranged from 0 to 6 in 100 g dry soil. Of the plant species sampled at lest two times, the highest average species diversity was found in the root zone of <em>Salix arenaria</em>. The plant species that hosted the highest overall number of species of AMF was <em>Festuca rubra</em>. Trap pot cultures with soilroot mixtures collected in 1997 revealed 10 species of AMF that were not found in field soils sampled in the same year. This suggests that a great part of AMF of Błędowska Desert is represented by rarely or non-sporulating species.

scholarly journals The methylome of the model arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Rhizophagus irregularis, shares characteristics with early diverging fungi and Dikarya

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anurag Chaturvedi ◽  
Joaquim Cruz Corella ◽  
Chanz Robbins ◽  
Anita Loha ◽  
Laure Menin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Rhizophagus Irregularis ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Phosphate Regulation ◽  
Very High

AbstractEarly-diverging fungi (EDF) are distinct from Dikarya and other eukaryotes, exhibiting high N6-methyldeoxyadenine (6mA) contents, rather than 5-methylcytosine (5mC). As plants transitioned to land the EDF sub-phylum, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomeromycotina) evolved a symbiotic lifestyle with 80% of plant species worldwide. Here we show that these fungi exhibit 5mC and 6mA methylation characteristics that jointly set them apart from other fungi. The model AMF, R. irregularis, evolved very high levels of 5mC and greatly reduced levels of 6mA. However, unlike the Dikarya, 6mA in AMF occurs at symmetrical ApT motifs in genes and is associated with their transcription. 6mA is heterogeneously distributed among nuclei in these coenocytic fungi suggesting functional differences among nuclei. While far fewer genes are regulated by 6mA in the AMF genome than in EDF, most strikingly, 6mA methylation has been specifically retained in genes implicated in components of phosphate regulation; the quintessential hallmark defining this globally important symbiosis.

scholarly journals Cooperation among phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, humic acids and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi induces soil microbiome shifts and enhances plant nutrient uptake

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenza Cozzolino ◽  
Hiarhi Monda ◽  
Davide Savy ◽  
Vincenzo Di Meo ◽  
Giovanni Vinci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi

Abstract Background Increasing the presence of beneficial soil microorganisms is a promising sustainable alternative to support conventional and organic fertilization and may help to improve crop health and productivity. If the application of single bioeffectors has shown satisfactory results, further improvements may arise by combining multiple beneficial soil microorganisms with natural bioactive molecules. Methods In the present work, we investigated in a pot experiment under greenhouse conditions whether inoculation of two phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, Pseudomonas spp. (B2) and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (B3), alone or in combination with a humic acids (HA) extracted from green compost and/or a commercial inoculum (M) of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), may affect maize growth and soil microbial community. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting analysis were performed to detect changes in the microbial community composition. Results Plant growth, N and P uptake, and mycorrhizal root colonization were found to be larger in all inoculated treatments than in the uninoculated control. The greatest P uptake was found when B. amyloliquefaciens was applied in combination with both HA and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (B3HAM), and when Pseudomonas was combined with HA (B2HA). The PLFA-based community profile revealed that inoculation changed the microbial community composition. Gram+/Gram− bacteria, AMF/saprotrophic fungi and bacteria/fungi ratios increased in all inoculated treatments. The greatest values for the AMF PLFA marker (C16:1ω5) and AMF/saprotrophic fungi ratio were found for the B3HAM treatment. Permutation test based on DGGE data confirmed a similar trend, with most significant variations in both bacterial and fungal community structures induced by inoculation of B2 or B3 in combination with HA and M, especially in B3HAM. Conclusions The two community-based datasets indicated changes in the soil microbiome of maize induced by inoculation of B2 or B3 alone or when combined with humic acids and mycorrhizal inoculum, leading to positive effects on plant growth and improved nutrient uptake. Our study implies that appropriate and innovative agricultural management, enhancing the potential contribution of beneficial soil microorganisms as AMF, may result in an improved nutrient use efficiency in plants.

scholarly journals MICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND MYCORRHIZAL POTENTIAL OF FOUR OVERBURDEN TYPES USED IN THE RECLAMATION OF EXTRACTED OIL SANDS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. DANIELSON ◽  
S. VISSER ◽  
D. PARKINSON
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Litter Bags ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development ◽  
Slender Wheatgrass

Slender wheatgrass and jack pine were grown in the greenhouse in cores containing a bottom layer of extracted oil sands with four overburdens individually layered over the sand. The overburdens included a muskeg peat, two shallow mineral overburdens and a deep overburden. Mycorrhizal development, microbial respiration and biomass and the degree of decomposition of slender wheatgrass roots in litter bags were determined in each plant species-overburden combination. Both ecto- and vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal inoculum was present in all four overburdens. The symbionts of slender wheatgrass were the "fine endophyte" and Glomus aggregatum. VA development was very low in peat whereas plants in the shallow overburdens became heavily mycorrhizal. Infection did not spread from the overburden layer to roots in the tailing sand. Jack pine roots in the peat and two shallow overburdens were heavily infected after 4 months. The most common symbiont was an ascomycete known as the E-strain. Microbial respiration was highest in the peat and was not influenced by plant species. Microbial biomass was also highest in the peat and much lower in the mineral overburdens. Only in the peat was the amount of microbial biomass larger with slender wheatgrass than with jack pine. Slender wheatgrass roots decomposed most rapidly in the peat overburden and least rapidly in the deep overburden. Key words: Microbial activity, jack pine, slender wheatgrass, mycorrhizae, reclamation, oil sands

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document