Distribution of Armillaria ostoyae genets in a Pinus resinosa – Pinus banksiana forest

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 776-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Rizzo ◽  
Robert A. Blanchette ◽  
Georgiana May
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Incompatibility Group ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Somatic Incompatibility ◽  
Mitochondrial Markers ◽  
Armillaria Ostoyae ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
Single Exception

Diploid isolates of Armillaria ostoyae were obtained from 278 trees (including stumps, Pinus banksiana seedlings, and hardwood regeneration) and 78 solitary basidiomes on three 50 × 25 m plots (two clearcut and one uncut) in a Pinus resinosa – P. banksiana stand in northern Minnesota. Based on pairings among 439 isolates, 16 somatic incompatibility groups of A. ostoyae were distinguished on the three plots. Analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial markers suggests that many of the A. ostoyae genets are closely related and were possibly established by sib-related basidiospores. Analysis of molecular markers of 95 isolates representing the 16 somatic incompatibility groups delineated 16 nuclear and 8 mitochondrial haplotypes. All isolates tested within a somatic incompatibility group were identical for nuclear and mitochondrial haplotypes; a single exception consisted of a somatic incompatibility group with three different nuclear genotypes. The combination of somatic incompatibility and molecular data indicates the presence of at least 18 genets on the site. Large (up to 140-m diameter), spatially continuous genets intermingled with small, recently established genets and older, fragmented genets. The approach identified genetic and ecological processes; these include breeding strategies and pathogenicity. Key words: Armillaria ostoyae, somatic incompatibility, population structure, mitochondria.

Variation in mating competence and random amplified polymorphic DNA inLaccaria bicolor(Agaricales) associated with three tree host species

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 884-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Raffle ◽  
N. A. Anderson ◽  
G. R. Furnier ◽  
R. L. Doudrick
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Incompatibility Group

We examined the population genetic structure of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor (Maire) Orton using single spore homokaryotic cultures from 33 basidiomes collected in northern Minnesota in association with red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) of three age-classes (0–20 years, 21–40 years, and > 41 years). Mating competence between cultures of isolates, as determined by the presence of clamp connections, revealed the presence of two subpopulations that were not freely interbreeding, one composed of 29 dikaryons, the other of 3 dikaryons. Phenetic cluster analysis using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers did not reveal differentiation between these subpopulations. Clustering failed to reveal genetically distinct groups based on incompatibility group, tree host species, or geographic origin of isolates. Key words: heterogenic incompatibility, RAPD, population genetics.

scholarly journals Combination of nuclear and mitochondrial markers as a useful tool to identify Ctenophthalmus species and subspecies (Siphonaptera: Ctenophthalmidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Zurita ◽  
Cristina Cutillas
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Molecular Approach ◽  
Nuclear Marker ◽  
Mitochondrial Markers ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Mtdna Markers

AbstractCtenophthalmus is considered the largest genus within the Order Siphonaptera. From a morphological point of view, only males of this genus can be identified at species and subspecies levels using morphological keys, whereas there are no morphological criteria in order to classify females at these taxonomical levels. Furthermore, the amount of available molecular and phylogenetic data for this genus is quite scarce so far. The main objective of this work was to assess the utility of the combination of nuclear and mitochondrial markers with respect to their ability to differentiate among different subspecies within the Ctenophthalmus genus. With this purpose, we carried out a comparative morphological and molecular study of three different subspecies (Ctenophthalmus baeticus arvernus, Ctenophthalmus nobilis dobyi, and Ctenophthalmus andorrensis catalaniensis) in order to clarify and discuss its taxonomic status. In addition, our study complemented the molecular data previously provided for Ctenophthalmus baeticus boisseauorum and Ctenophthalmus apertus allani subspecies. We sequenced five different molecular markers: EF1-α, ITS1, ITS2, cox1, and cytb. Our results confirmed that morphological data by themselves are not able to discriminate among Ctenophthalmus female taxa; however, the combination of the nuclear marker EF1-α together with mtDNA markers cytb and cox1 constituted a useful taxonomical and phylogenetic tool to solve this issue. Based on these results, we consider that the use of this molecular approach should be gradually used within Ctenophthalmus genus in order to complement its classical taxonomy and clarifying the complex taxonomy of other congeneric species of fleas.

Preference of Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) parent adults and shoot-feeding progeny adults for three pine species

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan W. Siegert ◽  
Deborah G. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Tomicus Piniperda ◽  
Scotch Pine ◽  
Laboratory Bioassay ◽  
Pine Shoot Beetle

AbstractHost preference of the pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.), was investigated in two laboratory choice test studies using red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) (Pinaceae), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), and Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Host preference of parent adult beetles was evaluated using freshly cut, similarly sized logs in a wind tunnel. Parent beetles colonized Scotch pine logs significantly more often when given a choice of Scotch pine and either red pine or jack pine logs, but did not show a preference when presented with red pine and jack pine logs. Host preference of progeny adults was tested in a laboratory bioassay using current-year pine shoots. Shoot-feeding progeny adults initiated tunnels in jack pine shoots significantly more often than in Scotch pine and red pine shoots, and preferred Scotch pine over red pine shoots. Shoots with diameters of 0.4–0.5 cm were attacked most frequently, regardless of species. Results suggest that the two North American pines are suitable hosts, but T. piniperda may be most likely to colonize Scotch pine, a European species. Efforts to detect or monitor T. piniperda populations in the Great Lakes and northeastern regions should focus on areas with abundant Scotch pine brood material. Progeny that emerge from brood material, however, may be as likely to shoot-feed in jack pine as in Scotch pine.

Selective phytotoxicity of hexazinone to Pinus resinosa and Pinus banksiana

1992 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Wood ◽  
Gerald R. Stephenson ◽  
J.Christopher Hall ◽  
Roger F. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Resinosa

Mycoflore des aiguilles de Pinus banksiana et Pinus resinosa. I. Champignons endophytes

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 2052-2060 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Legault ◽  
M. Dessureault ◽  
G. Laflamme
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Strong Preference ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Colonization Rates

The nature and distribution of the endophytic mycoflora isolated from healthy needles of Pinus banksiana and Pinus resinosa growing in plantations or natural stands infected with Scleroderris canker were investigated. Overall colonization rates of the needles were 68 and 89% for P. banksiana and P. resinosa, respectively, and were generally higher in closed canopy stands. For a given tree, colonization rates increased with foliage age but were not influenced by twig orientation. Colonization rates by more than one fungal species were 17% for P. banksiana and 76% for P. resinosa. Two different endophytic species could be found inside the needles of P. banksiana and up to seven in P. resinosa. Brunchorstia pinea, causal agent of Scleroderris canker, was not isolated. Commonly isolated endophytic fungi show a strong preference toward their host: the endophytic mycoflora of P. banksiana needles is almost limited to Coccomyces sp. while Pragmopycnis sp. and three Leptostroma species account for most of the isolates from P. resinosa.

A new genus for Chlorodiella longimana (H. Milne Edwards) supported by morphology and molecular data, with a preliminary phylogeny of the Chlorodiellinae (Crustacea : Decapoda : Xanthidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Lasley ◽  
Joelle C. Y. Lai ◽  
Brent P. Thoma
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
Antennal Segment ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Nuclear Marker ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Mitochondrial Markers ◽  
General Appearance

Chlorodiella longimana is the only chlorodielline species presently known from the western Atlantic Ocean. Although C. longimana superficially resembles other species of the genus in general appearance of the carapace, morphological analyses revealed a suite of characters that separate it from all other known species of Chlorodiella – in particular, ambulatory legs having dactyli with a single tip and a basal antennal segment with a lateral flange that extends halfway into the orbital hiatus, excluding the antennal flagellum. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis of the Chlorodiellinae inferred from three mitochondrial markers (12S, 16S, COXI) and a nuclear marker (histone H3), confirms that C. longimana is genetically distinct from its congeners. A new genus, Ratha, is proposed to accommodate C. longimana. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis of six chlorodielline genera indicates that the subfamily is polyphyletic as presently defined.

Long-term mortality rates and spatial patterns in an old-growth Pinus resinosa forest

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 809-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily J. Silver ◽  
Shawn Fraver ◽  
Anthony W. D’Amato ◽  
Tuomas Aakala ◽  
Brian J. Palik
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Dead Trees

Understanding natural mortality patterns and processes of forest tree species is increasingly important given projected changes in mortality owing to global change. With this need in mind, the rate and spatial pattern of mortality was assessed over an 89-year period in a natural-origin Pinus resinosa (Aiton)-dominated system to assess these processes through advanced stages of stand development (stand age 120–209 years). Average annual mortality rates fluctuated through time, yet were within the range reported in other studies (0.60%–3.88% depending on species and sampling interval). Tree mortality was attributed to multiple agents, including the senescence of the short-lived Pinus banksiana Lamb., windthrow, root-rot fungi (Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink), and perhaps infrequent droughts. Despite the often contagious nature of many disturbance agents, the overall spatial pattern of mortality events (the arrangement of dead trees within the fixed initial population of live trees) was random at all scales tested. Similarly, the current spatial pattern of dead trees was predominantly random, despite clustering at small scales (2–4 m). These findings underscore the importance of studying mortality rates, agents, and spatial patterns over long time periods to avoid misinterpreting stochastic mortality events, and their influence on longer term stand structure and development.

Notes on Leconte's Sawfly

1952 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-61
Author(s):  
A. S. West
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Neodiprion Lecontei ◽  
Significant Damage

Leconte's sawfly or the red-headed pine sawfly (Neodiprion lecontei Fitch) is a common insect attacking pines in Ontario. Plantations red pine are almost invariably attacked from the time the trees have reached two to four feet in height. Periodically epidemic populations cause significant damage. The life history and habits of the species have heen described by Middleton (2) who states that this insect attacks practically all species of pine as bell as larch. Schaffner (3) also indicates that the larvae feed on a wide variety of pine and occasionally on other conifers. Red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) is undoubtedly the usual host, although in Ontario jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) is sometimes attacked. In 1946 evidence was secured to show that jack pine needles may be selected for oviposition even in an area where red pine foliage is plentiful. (Figure 1).

COLEOSPORIUM VIBURNI ON JACK PINE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH C. ASTERUM

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1117-1120
Author(s):  
G. B. Ouellette
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Coleosporium Asterum

Through inoculation tests in the greenhouse and in the field, the previously unknown 0 and I stages of Coleosporium viburni Arth. are shown to occur on jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). These stages are described and differences in aeciospore morphology which permit distinction on pine of this rust from Coleosporium asterum (Diet.) Syd. are discussed. The description of C. asterum is amended to include differences in aeciospore size between collections on jack and red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.). The known distribution of C. viburni is summarized.

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