Involvement of auxin in the loss of apical dominance and plant growth potential accompanying aging of potato seed tubers

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. M. Kumar ◽  
N. Richard Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Correlative Inhibition ◽  
Aged Seed

Studies were conducted to further characterize a role for auxin in the loss of apical dominance and plant growth potential that occurs during long-term storage of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) seed tubers. Treatment of single-eye seed cores from 18-month-old seed tubers with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) restored apical dominance and increased dry matter partitioning to roots, stems, and leaves, thus partially mitigating the deleterious effects of advanced seed-tuber age on growth potential. Conversely, NAA treatment of seed cores from 6-month-old tubers substantially inhibited plant growth. In contrast to NAA, IAA was totally ineffective at counteracting the deleterious effects of advanced tuber age on plant growth, whereas the effect of IAA on overall growth of plants from 6-month-old seed cores remained slightly inhibitory. The difference in efficacy of these two auxins appears to be related to age-induced differences in ability of tissues to transport and catabolize IAA. The specific activity of IAA oxidase (IAAox) was 4 times higher in tissue from 20-month-old seed tubers at planting and increased at a faster rate during sprouting compared with that from 8-month-old tubers. Hence, the higher potential for oxidation of IAA in tissue from older seed cores is well correlated with the inability of this auxin to alter growth. In translocation studies, etiolated sprouts from aged seed tubers showed a reduced ability to translocate [1-14C]IAA basipetally compared with those from younger tubers. Moreover, intact etiolated sprouts growing from older seed cores decarboxylated the radiolabeled IAA at a much faster rate on a dry weight basis than those from younger seed cores. The specific activities of IAAox and peroxidase in the sprout apex, sprout base, and tuber tissue from 18-month-old seed cores were substantially higher than in similar tissues from 6-month-old seed cores, and tissue concentration of the radiolabel was negatively correlated with IAAox activity. Hence, aging of potato seed tubers not only reduces the ability of sprouts to transport auxin basipetally, but it also increases the capacity for auxin catabolism during sprouting. The physiological consequence of this may be the release of lateral meristems from correlative inhibition, and in effect, reduced apical dominance and shoot growth potential during plant establishment from aged seed tubers. Key words: potato, age-reduced vigor, sprouting, apical dominance, auxin.

Effect of altering the physiological age of potato seed-tubers in the fall on subsequent production in a short-season environment

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Richard Knowles ◽  
Gabor I. Botar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Seed Tubers

The efficacy of utilizing "controlled seed-tuber aging" as a technique to enhance yield and improve tuber quality in areas with relatively short growing seasons was investigated in a 3-yr study. Prior to planting in the field, five physiological ages of Russet Burbank, Carlton, Norchip and Superior seed-tubers were produced by varying the heat-unit accumulation over a 200-d storage interval. Total yield increases of up to 90% and substantial improvements in tuber grade were achieved by planting aged (600–900 degree-day (dd)) seed-tubers. Plant growth from aged Russet Burbank seed-tubers was modelled to identify the mechanisms by which yield and quality were altered. Growth analysis demonstrated that the age-induced yield increases were due to faster emergence, faster leaf-area establishment, and tuberization earlier in the growing season compared with that from younger seed-tubers. The annual life cycle was thus accelerated, allowing plants from older seed-tubers to utilize the short (120-d) growing season more efficiently than those from younger seed-tubers. This was reflected in a higher harvest index: plants from 739 dd seed-tubers partitioned 63% of their total fresh weight into tubers compared with 48% for those from 66 dd seed-tubers (based on the quadratic model describing the relationship between seed-tuber age and and harvest index at 121 d after planting). The technique appears to be very promising for enhancing yield and/or promoting ’earliness’ of potatoes in regions with short growing seasons.Key words: Solanum tuberosum, seed-tuber age, plant growth, yield

Effect of fumigation of potato seed tubers with 2-aminobutane on plant growth and yield

1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Quinn ◽  
P. C. Harper ◽  
D. C. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Seed Tubers

scholarly journals INCREASED PEROXIDATIVE DAMAGE AND DECREASED PROTEIN SYNTHESIS ARE FEATURES OF AGING POTATO SEED-TUBERS.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 623g-624
Author(s):  
G.N.M Kumar ◽  
N.R. Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Peroxidative Damage ◽  
Seed Tubers

The physiological mechanisms leading to a decline in sprout-vigor, root growth potential and apical dominance during long-term aging of potato seed tubers are currently under investigation. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and ethane, products of peroxidative degradation of PUFA increase in seed-tuber tissues with advancing age (from 2 to 32 months of storage). MDA is known to react with free amino acids to produce lipofuscin-like fluorescent compounds (FC), which build-up in aging/senescent tissues of plants and animals. With advancing seed-tuber age, an increase in free amino acids, MDA and FC concentrations was evident. Moreover, high levels of MDA have been shown to reduce protein synthesis in both plant and animal cells. We therefore examined the extent to which seed-tuber age affects protein synthesizing capacity of tuber tissues during sprouting. Tissue disks from 6- and 18-mo-old seed-tubers at various stages of sprouting, were compared for their protein synthesizing ability by monitoring the incorporation of radiolabelled amino acids into TCA precipitable products. The rate of incorporation (dpm mg protein-1 min-1) was 1.8 to 5.4-fold higher in tissue from 6-mo-old, as compared to that from 18-mo-old seed tubers, at similar stages of sprout development. Loss in protein synthesizing ability (possibly due to direct peroxidative damage) may be an important factor contributing to loss of sprout-vigor from aged potato seed-tubers.

scholarly journals Leaf Tissue Nutrient Sufficiency Ranges of Four Heuchera Cultivars by Chronological Age

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1751-1756
Author(s):  
W. Garrett Owen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Black Beauty

Coral bells (Heuchera sp.) are popular herbaceous perennials grown for their colorful foliage and venation and their aesthetic appeal in mixed containers and landscapes. Commercial coral bell production requires greenhouse or nursery growers to optimize production inputs such as managing mineral nutrition, thereby maximizing plant growth potential and foliage color. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum fertilizer concentrations, identify leaf tissue nutrient sufficiency ranges by chronological age, and to expand leaf tissue nutrient standards of coral bells grown in soilless substrates during container production. Coral bells (H. hybrida ‘Black Beauty’, ‘Cherry Cola’, ‘Marmalade’, and ‘Peppermint Spice’), varying in leaf color, were grown under one of six constant liquid fertilizer concentrations [50, 75, 100, 200, 300, or 400 mg·L−1 nitrogen (N)] with a constant level of water-soluble micronutrient blend in a greenhouse. Fertilizer concentrations for optimal plant growth and development were determined by analyzing plant height, diameter, growth index, and total dry mass, and were found to be 50 to 75 mg·L−1 N after a nine-week crop cycle. Recently mature leaf tissue samples were collected and analyzed for elemental content of 11 nutrients at 3, 6, and 9 weeks after transplant (WAT) from plants fertilized with 50 to 75 mg·L−1 N. The black- (‘Black Beauty’) and red- (‘Cherry Cola’) colored-leaved cultivars contained higher total N, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and boron (B) than the orange- (‘Marmalade’) and green- (‘Peppermint Spice’) colored-leaved cultivars. For instance, in mature growth, total N concentration for ‘Black Beauty’ and ‘Cherry Cola’ ranged between 3.45 to 3.63% and 3.92% to 4.18% N, respectively, whereas for ‘Marmalade’ and ‘Peppermint Spice’, ranges were between 2.98% to 3.25% and 2.78% to 3.23% N, respectively. Optimal leaf tissue concentration sufficiency ranges determined in this scientifically based study were narrower and often times higher than previously reported survey values for coral bells.

Plant growth response from aged potato seed-tubers as affected by meristem selection and NAA

1985 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 289-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Richard Knowles ◽  
W. M. Iritani ◽  
L. D. Weller
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Plant Growth Response

Age of potato seed-tubers influences protein synthesis during sprouting

1993 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Mohan Kumar ◽  
N. Richard Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Seed Tubers

scholarly journals Alterations in Microrhizome Induction, Shoot Multiplication and Rooting of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) var. Bentong with Regards to Sucrose and Plant Growth Regulators Application

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Nisar Ahmad Zahid ◽  
Hawa Z.E. Jaafar ◽  
Mansor Hakiman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Zingiber Officinale Roscoe ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Disease Free

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) var. Bentong is a monocotyledon plant that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. Bentong ginger is the most popular cultivar of ginger in Malaysia, which is conventionally propagated by its rhizome. As its rhizomes are the economic part of the plant, the allocation of a large amount of rhizomes as planting materials increases agricultural input cost. Simultaneously, the rhizomes’ availability as planting materials is restricted due to the high demand for fresh rhizomes in the market. Moreover, ginger propagation using its rhizome is accompanied by several types of soil-borne diseases. Plant tissue culture techniques have been applied to produce disease-free planting materials of ginger to overcome these problems. Hence, the in vitro-induced microrhizomes are considered as alternative disease-free planting materials for ginger cultivation. On the other hand, Bentong ginger has not been studied for its microrhizome induction. Therefore, this study was conducted to optimize sucrose and plant growth regulators (PGRs) for its microrhizome induction. Microrhizomes were successfully induced in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with a high sucrose concentration (>45 g L−1). In addition, zeatin at 5–10 µM was found more effective for microrhizome induction than 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at a similar concentration. The addition of 7.5 µM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) further enhanced microrhizome formation and reduced sucrose’s required dose that needs to be supplied for efficient microrhizome formation. MS medium supplemented with 60 g L−1 sucrose, 10 µM zeatin and 7.5 µM NAA was the optimum combination for the microrhizome induction of Bentong ginger. The in vitro-induced microrhizomes sprouted indoors in moist sand and all the sprouted microrhizomes were successfully established in field conditions. In conclusion, in vitro microrhizomes can be used as disease-free planting materials for the commercial cultivation of Bentong ginger.

Determination of optimum tuber planting density in the potato varieties Pentland Squire, Cara, Estima, Maris Piper and King Edward

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. E. Wurr ◽  
J. R. Fellows ◽  
E. J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Cost

SummaryThirty-two experiments examining the effects of the weight and within-row spacing of potato seed tubers on graded tuber yields of five varieties were conducted on eight sites from 1980 to 1985. A complex analysis technique was used to combine these data and estimate the optimum tuber planting densities for different ratios of seed cost to small (40–60 mm) and large (60–80 mm) ware value. The same technique could be applied to any other combination of seed cost, ware size and ware value.The optimum tuber planting density decreased with increasing seed-tuber weight. Differences in optimum planting density between varieties were much greater with small (35 g) than with large (105 g) seed tubers and decreased as the cost of seed increased relative to the value of ware. As large ware became worth more than small ware the influence of increasing seed cost on the optimum density was reduced. As the value of large ware increased, net returns increased and the effect of seed cost on net returns was reduced. Mean tuber size decreased with increasing stem density at harvest and at the same stem density was lower in varieties producing more daughter tubers/stem. Changes of mean tuber size (μ) and the spread of yield across size grades (σ) with time were well described by parallel curves in different varieties. It is suggested that in future it may not be necessary to determine optimum tuber planting densities by complex experiments involving several seed-tuber weights and spacings. Instead μ and σ could be estimated from simple experiments and tuber spacings determined by comparison with control varieties.

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