Effect of altering the physiological age of potato seed-tubers in the fall on subsequent production in a short-season environment

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Richard Knowles ◽  
Gabor I. Botar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Seed Tubers

The efficacy of utilizing "controlled seed-tuber aging" as a technique to enhance yield and improve tuber quality in areas with relatively short growing seasons was investigated in a 3-yr study. Prior to planting in the field, five physiological ages of Russet Burbank, Carlton, Norchip and Superior seed-tubers were produced by varying the heat-unit accumulation over a 200-d storage interval. Total yield increases of up to 90% and substantial improvements in tuber grade were achieved by planting aged (600–900 degree-day (dd)) seed-tubers. Plant growth from aged Russet Burbank seed-tubers was modelled to identify the mechanisms by which yield and quality were altered. Growth analysis demonstrated that the age-induced yield increases were due to faster emergence, faster leaf-area establishment, and tuberization earlier in the growing season compared with that from younger seed-tubers. The annual life cycle was thus accelerated, allowing plants from older seed-tubers to utilize the short (120-d) growing season more efficiently than those from younger seed-tubers. This was reflected in a higher harvest index: plants from 739 dd seed-tubers partitioned 63% of their total fresh weight into tubers compared with 48% for those from 66 dd seed-tubers (based on the quadratic model describing the relationship between seed-tuber age and and harvest index at 121 d after planting). The technique appears to be very promising for enhancing yield and/or promoting ’earliness’ of potatoes in regions with short growing seasons.Key words: Solanum tuberosum, seed-tuber age, plant growth, yield

Modelling the effects of potato seed-tuber age on plant establishment

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1219-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Richard Knowles ◽  
Gabor I. Botar
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Seed Tubers

Four physiological ages of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. 'Russet Burbank') seed-tubers were produced by varying the time of storage at 15 °C. Age was quantified as the accumulated degree-days (dd) above 4 °C over the 199-d storage interval, and plant emergence and establishment were then modelled in controlled environment studies. As age advanced, time to 50% sprout emergence decreased, reaching a minimum at 589 dd, and then increased with further aging. Apical dominance was also reduced, as evident from a linear increase in the number of sprouts per seedpiece with advancing age. Earlier emergence from older seed-tubers led to significantly more leaves, leaf area, and leaf and stem dry weights per plant compared with younger seed-tubers early in the study; however, this advantage in plant establishment was eventually lost as time progressed through 33 d, resulting in significant age by time interactions on each yield component. Unit leaf rate, and relative growth rates with respect to leaf area and plant dry weight, thus decreased linearly with advancing tuber age over the course of the study. Leaf area ratio of plants from older tubers was greater than that from younger tubers early in the study, but this difference decreased with time. Seed-tuber age affected LAR through altering the leaf weight ratio (efficiency of partitioning dry weight to leaves), not the specific leaf area. Yield component analysis showed that the number of leaves per stem and the leaf area per leaf accounted for 85 and 12% of the total variation in plant dry weight, respectively. Because plant establishment was clearly more advanced, there may be potential for utilizing aged Russet Burbank seed-tubers to improve grade and earliness and increase yield in areas with short growing seasons. Key words: Solanum tuberosum, seed-tuber age, vigor, potato

Determination of optimum tuber planting density in the potato varieties Pentland Squire, Cara, Estima, Maris Piper and King Edward

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. E. Wurr ◽  
J. R. Fellows ◽  
E. J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Cost

SummaryThirty-two experiments examining the effects of the weight and within-row spacing of potato seed tubers on graded tuber yields of five varieties were conducted on eight sites from 1980 to 1985. A complex analysis technique was used to combine these data and estimate the optimum tuber planting densities for different ratios of seed cost to small (40–60 mm) and large (60–80 mm) ware value. The same technique could be applied to any other combination of seed cost, ware size and ware value.The optimum tuber planting density decreased with increasing seed-tuber weight. Differences in optimum planting density between varieties were much greater with small (35 g) than with large (105 g) seed tubers and decreased as the cost of seed increased relative to the value of ware. As large ware became worth more than small ware the influence of increasing seed cost on the optimum density was reduced. As the value of large ware increased, net returns increased and the effect of seed cost on net returns was reduced. Mean tuber size decreased with increasing stem density at harvest and at the same stem density was lower in varieties producing more daughter tubers/stem. Changes of mean tuber size (μ) and the spread of yield across size grades (σ) with time were well described by parallel curves in different varieties. It is suggested that in future it may not be necessary to determine optimum tuber planting densities by complex experiments involving several seed-tuber weights and spacings. Instead μ and σ could be estimated from simple experiments and tuber spacings determined by comparison with control varieties.

Production of Seedling Tubers Derived from True Potato Seed and Their Use as Seed Tubers in the Sudan

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-426
Author(s):  
S. M. El-Amin ◽  
B. Adam ◽  
E. Varis ◽  
E. Pehu
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
True Potato Seed ◽  
Soil Mixture ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARYSeedling tubers of three true potato seed (TPS) crosses raised in a seedbed soil mixture of clay, sand and dry leaves produced about 3.1 kg of seedling tubers m−2 in the growing season of 1988–89 and between 4.3 and 5.1 kg m−2 in 1989/90. The seedling tubers produced were stored and their use as seed tubers was subsequently compared with the locally popular variety Alpha. The mean tuber yields of the hybrids ranged between 9.4 and 11 t ha−1 in 1990/91 and between 21.9 and 22.9 t ha−1 in 1991/92. Mean tuber yields of cultivar Alpha were 14.3 t ha−1 in 1990/91 and 24.1 t ha−1 in 1991/92, showing that tuber yields comparable to those of imported seed tubers could be obtained from seedling tubers of TPS origin.

scholarly journals Evaluation of different fungicides applied as seed tuber treatments for the control of potato silver scurf

2005 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Hervieux ◽  
R. Chabot ◽  
J. Arul ◽  
R.J. Tweddell
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Silver Scurf ◽  
Helminthosporium Solani ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Soil Inoculum ◽  
Seed Tubers

Silver scurf of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), caused by the fungus Helminthosporium solani, is an important surface-blemishing disease of potato tubers. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of different fungicides applied to potato seed tubers for control of silver scurf. Field trials were conducted in Québec province in 1998 and 1999. Potato seed tubers infected with H. solani were treated with either talc, fludioxonil, mancozeb, iprodione, thiabendazole, imazalil or azoxystrobin, and planted at three locations in 1998 and two locations in 1999. The results showed that, under our experimental conditions, the fungicides tested, applied as seed treatments, did not significantly influence total and marketable yields as well as silver scurf severity on daughter tubers at harvest and after different storage periods. In addition, this study showed the influence of the experimental locations on silver scurf development and suggests that soil inoculum plays a role in the epidemiology of the disease.

Improving Potato Seed Tuber Quality and Producers' Livelihoods in Hararghe, Eastern Ethiopia

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eshetu Mulatu ◽  
Osman E. Ibrahim ◽  
Etenesh Bekele
Keyword(s):  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Potato Seed Tuber

Production of Seedling Tubers Derived from True Potato Seed and Their Use as Seed Tubers in the Sudan

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-426
Author(s):  
S. M. El-Amin ◽  
B. Adam ◽  
E. Varis ◽  
E. Pehu
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
True Potato Seed ◽  
Soil Mixture ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARYSeedling tubers of three true potato seed (TPS) crosses raised in a seedbed soil mixture of clay, sand and dry leaves produced about 3.1 kg of seedling tubers m−2 in the growing season of 1988–89 and between 4.3 and 5.1 kg m−2 in 1989/90. The seedling tubers produced were stored and their use as seed tubers was subsequently compared with the locally popular variety Alpha. The mean tuber yields of the hybrids ranged between 9.4 and 11 t ha−1 in 1990/91 and between 21.9 and 22.9 t ha−1 in 1991/92. Mean tuber yields of cultivar Alpha were 14.3 t ha−1 in 1990/91 and 24.1 t ha−1 in 1991/92, showing that tuber yields comparable to those of imported seed tubers could be obtained from seedling tubers of TPS origin.

Effect of fumigation of potato seed tubers with 2-aminobutane on plant growth and yield

1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Quinn ◽  
P. C. Harper ◽  
D. C. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Seed Tubers

scholarly journals Incidence and Impact of Verticillium dahliae in Soil Associated with Certified Potato Seed Lots

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremiah K. S. Dung ◽  
Philip B. Hamm ◽  
Jordan E. Eggers ◽  
Dennis A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Field Soils ◽  
Compatibility Group ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Certified Potato Seed

Verticillium dahliae causes Verticillium wilt of potato and can be found in soil associated with potato seed tubers. The purpose of this research was to quantify V. dahliae in soil associated with certified seed tubers and determine if this potential inoculum source is related to disease development in the field. Approximately 68% of seed lots assayed contained V. dahliae-infested soil on seed tuber surfaces (seed tuber soil). Over 82% of seed lots contained V. dahliae in loose seed lot soil obtained from bags and trucks used to transport seed tubers. Most samples contained ≤50 CFU/g but some contained >500 CFU/g. Most isolates (93%) were vegetative compatibility group 4A. Populations of V. dahliae in stem sap increased with increasing inoculum densities in field soils only when V. dahliae concentrations in seed tuber soil were low. High concentrations of V. dahliae in seed tuber soil resulted in greater stem sap colonization when V. dahliae inoculum densities in field soil were low (P < 0.01) and resulted in greater pathogen inoculum densities in postharvest field soils (P = 0.04). Seed tubers contaminated with V. dahliae-infested soils may introduce the pathogen into fields not previously cropped to potato or recontaminate those which have received preplant management practices. Long-term management of V. dahliae requires reducing propagules in soil associated with seed lots.

scholarly journals Effect of Seed-Tuber Generation, Soilborne Inoculum, and Azoxystrobin Application on Development of Potato Black Dot Caused by Colletotrichum coccodes

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 1181-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Nitzan ◽  
T. F. Cummings ◽  
D. A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Colletotrichum Coccodes ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Black Dot ◽  
Potato Black Dot

The effect of azoxystrobin on potato black dot and the role of seed- and soilborne inocula of Colletotrichum coccodes in the development of black dot were evaluated in the field using two potato seed generations (generation 1 and 3) of the susceptible cvs. Norkotah Russet and Russet Burbank over 3 years (2002 to 2004). Plants of Norkotah Russet and Russet Burbank treated with azoxystrobin had 13 and 23% higher yields, respectively, than nontreated plants in 2003. Disease severity on both cultivars was reduced 19 to 81%, and 22 to 81% on above- and belowground stem sections, respectively, when plants were treated with azoxystrobin. Plants of both cultivars that were treated with azoxystrobin had 9 to 26% less infected progeny tubers than the nontreated plants. These results indicated the efficacy of azoxystrobin to reduce black dot severity on both stems and progeny tubers. The roles of seed- and soilborne inocula in disease development were evaluated in 2003 and 2004 using generation 1 and 3 seed tubers. The incidence of C. coccodes in generation 1 mother tubers of Norkotah Russet and Russet Burbank were 2 and 16% in 2003, respectively, and 0 and 30% in 2004, respectively. The incidence of C. coccodes in generation 3 mother tubers of Norkotah Russet and Russet Burbank were 14 and 49% in 2003, respectively, and 12 and 38% in 2004, respectively. Generation 1 plants of Norkotah Russet had 36 and 13% greater yield than generation 3 plants in 2003 and 2004, respectively. In 2004, generation 1 plants of Norkotah Russet and Russet Burbank had 26 and 15% greater disease severity, respectively, on belowground stem than generation 3 plants. Generation 1 plants of Norkotah Russet had 7.5 and 11% more infected progeny tubers in 2003 and 2004, respectively, than generation 3. Significant differences for yield reduction and incidence of infected progeny tubers between the two seed generations were not recorded for Russet Burbank, suggesting that the effect of inoculum source of C. coccodes on black dot severity may be cultivar specific.

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