Taxonomic examination of Triticale (×Triticosecale)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1889-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard R. Baum ◽  
Pushpendra K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Generic Status ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Taxonomic Examination

A detailed study of inflorescence, glume, lemma, and lodicule characters was conducted in 108 accessions of triticales (2n = 6x = 42; 2n = 8x = 56), in 102 herbarium specimens representing 21 species of Triticum and Aegilops, and in 30 herbarium specimens representing 12 species of Secale. The differences observed justify in our opinion generic status for triticales. A key has been provided for distinguishing the genera Secale, Triticum, and Aegilops and the nothogenus ×Triticosecale. In addition to morphological differences, cytological differences and other differences in starch granules and glutenin morphology, known from other studies, provide further support for the generic status of triticale. Key words: Triticale, Secale, Triticum, wheat, rye, taxonomy.

Genetic variation in Trithuria inconspicua and T. filamentosa (Hydatellaceae): a new subspecies and a hypothesis of apomixis arising within a predominantly selfing lineage

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob D. Smissen ◽  
Kerry A. Ford ◽  
Paul D. Champion ◽  
Peter B. Heenan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Minimum Evolution ◽  
The North ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
High Level

While examining herbarium specimens of Trithuria inconspicua Cheeseman, we observed differences in the stigmatic hairs among plants from New Zealand’s North and South Islands. This motivated us to assess genetic and morphological variation within this species and its sister T. filamentosa Rodway from Tasmania. Samples were collected from lakes in the three disjunct geographic areas where the two species occur. Genetic variation in both species was assessed with simple sequence-repeat (SSR, microsatellite) markers and analyses of genetic distances. We also compared the morphology of northern and southern New Zealand T. inconspicua using fresh material. Samples of each species clustered together in a minimum evolution tree built from genetic distances. Trithuria filamentosa had more genetic diversity than did T. inconspicua. Within T. inconspicua, plants from lakes in the North Island and the South Island formed discrete genetic groups diagnosable by subtle morphological differences. Low levels of heterozygosity in both species are consistent with a high level of selfing, as suggested for other co-sexual Trithuria species, but unusual for a putative apomict. On the basis of genetic and morphological variation, we propose recognition of the northern New Zealand and southern New Zealand lineages of T. inconspicua at subspecies rank.

Location of α-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor during kernel development and germination

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 982-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Hill ◽  
S. M. Gubbels ◽  
L. Boros ◽  
M. J. Sumner ◽  
A. W. MacGregor
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Protein Bodies ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Starchy Endosperm ◽  
Kernel Development ◽  
Germination Inhibitor ◽  
Subtilisin Inhibitor ◽  
Immunohistochemical Techniques

The location of an endogenous α-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor in developing and germinating barley (Hordeum vulgare, cv. Bonanza) was determined using immunohistochemical techniques. The inhibitor was found within protein bodies of cells containing starch granules in the starchy endosperm and embryo of developing caryopses. It could be detected as early as 2 weeks postanthesis in both organs. Upon germination, inhibitor was released from protein bodies, resulting in increased detection of the protein in regions of the starchy endosperm in which storage mobilization was occurring. Antibodies to α-amylase revealed large quantities of this protein in the same regions. Key words: α-amylase, α-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor, barley, germination, kernel development, starch.

scholarly journals New species of Mycosphaerella occurring on Eucalyptus leaves in Indonesia and Africa

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 781-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Crous ◽  
M. J. Wingfield
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Species ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Northern Province ◽  
Eucalyptus Saligna ◽  
Eucalyptus Leaves ◽  
Three New Species

Although Africa and Indonesia have not been particularly well surveyed for Mycosphaerella leaf spot fungi, several species are known to occur on Eucalyptus leaves in these areas. Three new species of Mycosphaerella with anamorph states are described from herbarium specimens and cultures in the present study. Mycosphaerella suttoniae and Mycosphaerella heimioides are described from Eucalyptus leaves from Indonesia. The former species is of particular interest, because its anamorph Phaeophleospora epicoccoides is the first species of Phaeophleospora linked to Mycosphaerella. Mycosphaerella irregulariramosa is described from Eucalyptus saligna growing in the Northern Province of South Africa. Both M. irregulariramosa and M. heimioides have Pseudocercospora anamorphs, and these are described as Pseudocercospora irregulariramosa and Pseudocercospora heimioides. Notes are also provided on the host range and geographic distribution of previously described species of Mycosphaerella on Eucalyptus leaves in other parts of Africa and in Indonesia. Key words: Eucalyptus, Kirramyces, Mycosphaerella, Phaeophleospora, Pseudocercospora, systematics.

Evidence against the existence of varieties in Arctagrostis latifolia ssp. arundinacea (Poaceae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 1039-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Aiken ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch ◽  
Susan E. Gardiner ◽  
W. W. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Guard Cell ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Sds Page

The morphological diversity of North American specimens of Arctagrostis latifolia ssp. arundinacea (Trin.) Tzvelev was evaluated for possible varieties within the subspecies by considering (i) descriptions of three previously recognized taxa included in the subspecies, (ii) measurements of spikelet characters of the types of five taxa, (iii) Macoun's illustrations of spikelet diversity, (iv) a morphological study of 130 herbarium specimens, and (v) a transplant garden study. Characters thought to be uninfluenced by environment were examined. These included (i) the seed protein banding patterns revealed by SDS–PAGE, (ii) the guard cell sizes from plants of known chromosome number, and (iii) a study of anther lengths and pollen diameters. The data do not support the recognition of varieties. Key words: SDS–PAGE, transplant garden, pollen, chromosome number, guard cells, Arctagrostis, Poaceae, taxonomy.

Chaetogastra cogniauxiana (Melastomataceae), a new Brazilian species from the Chaetogastra gracilis complex

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 511 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
FABRÍCIO SCHMITZ MEYER ◽  
RENATO GOLDENBERG
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Great Species ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Great Species Richness

Eleven varieties of Tibouchina gracilis were indicated as synonyms of Chaetogastra gracilis in the most recent work on the taxonomy of the genus. However, field observations and a more detailed analysis of herbarium specimens, including the types, led us to the conclusion that two of these varieties represent a single new species. Chaetogastra cogniauxiana is endemic to Brazil, and differs from C. gracilis by the smaller size, 10–70 cm tall (versus 30–120 cm tall in C. gracilis), dendritic-setose to dendritic-strigose hypanthium and bracteoles (vs. dendritic-sericeous hypanthium and bracteoles), and smaller petals, 9.8–13.4 × 8.8–9.1 mm (vs. larger petals, 16.5–21.6 × 11.2–14.8 mm). In this article, we provide a complete description of C. cogniauxiana, and indicate the main morphological differences between C. cogniauxiana and the most closely related species. We also provide comments on taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of this species, photos, illustrations, and a distribution map. This work is part of a monograph of the genus Chaetogastra in Brazil, which showed a great species richness and also the necessity of several taxonomic adjustments.

Localization of amylase activity in cotyledons of germinated mung bean seeds

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1501-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuko Kaneko ◽  
Hisashi Matsushima ◽  
Yukio Morohashi
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Cell Layers

Developmental patterns of amylase activity in mung bean (Vigna radiata) cotyledons were observed by histochemical methods. In axis-attached cotyledons, the development of amylase activity and the decompostion of starch grains occurred first in cells located farthest from vascular bundles, and 3 days after imbibition, starch granules appeared to remain intact only in two to three cell layers around the vascular bundles. In axis-detached cotyledons, on the other hand, no conspicuous change in amylolytic activity was detected. When cotyledons were allowed to imbibe water through the surface not covered by the seed coat, amylase activity developed, even if they were detached from the axis. However, the developmental patterns of the activity were quite different from those with attached cotyledons; high amylase activity was detected in the cell layers beneath the epidermis of the surface not covered by the seed coat. These histochemical observations are related to previous results of biochemical experiments. Key words: amylase development, cotyledons, germination, histochemistry, mung bean, Vigna radiata.

scholarly journals Analisis Dimorfisme Kupu-Kupu Sayap Burung (Ornithoptera sp.) Endemik Papua

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Evie L. Warikar ◽  
Euniche R.P.F. Ramandey ◽  
Hendra K. Maury
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Shape And Size ◽  
Insect Collection

Ornitophera sp. is one of the groups of butterflies endemic in Papua and West Papua provinces. The significant morphological differences between male and female butterflies (dimorphism) are in the shape, size and color of the wings. Morphological characteristics are important sources of information. Based on the results of specimen collections at the Papua Insect Collection Laboratory (KSP) Jayapura, there are several species from various locations in Papua. The variation in dimorphism is likely to occur in this species which gives rise to new sub-species. The purpose of this study was to record the dimorphism of the endemic Bird Wing of Papua which had been stored in the Papua Insect Collection Laboratory (KSP) Jayapura. The method used is a direct measurement of the morphology of bird wing butterfly specimens stored in the KSP Laboratory, Cenderawasih University. Morphometric data were analyzed using the SPSS 20 and Multi Variate Statistical Package (MVSP 3.1) programs. The results obtained were 7 Ornithoptera species stored in the KSP Jayapura Laboratory, namely O. chiamera, O. goliath, O. meridionalis, O. paradisea, O. priamus, O. thitonus and O. rothschildi. Based on observations there are striking differences in color, shape and size between male and female in the same species.   Key words: birdwing butterfly, Ornithoptera sp., KSP Jayapura, dimorphisme.  

The Kiandra leek orchid is the previously presumed extinct mignonette leek orchid (Orchidaceae; Orchidoideae): evidence from morphological comparisons

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 528 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-83
Author(s):  
BRONWYN M. AYRE ◽  
TOBIAS HAYASHI ◽  
RYAN D. PHILLIPS ◽  
NOUSHKA REITER
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Single Population ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Herbarium Collections

Prasophyllum morganii (Orchidaceae), the mignonette leek orchid, was first collected from a single population in the subalps of Victoria, Australia, in 1929 but has not been collected since 1933. A morphologically similar leek orchid, P. retroflexum, was described in 2000 from Kosciuszko National Park, New South Wales, Australia. We measured 51 morphological traits on 14 field collected and 13 herbarium specimens of P. retroflexum, and six historical herbarium collections of P.  morganii. In addition, we conducted a comparison of the types of both species with the field and herbarium specimens. Multivariate analyses were undertaken using 35 characters, and an ordination performed on range-standardised data. Results show no morphological differences between specimens identified as P. morganii and P. retroflexum, and we conclude they are conspecific.

A multivariate morphometric analysis of Solidago subsect. Glomeruliflorae (Asteraceae: Astereae)

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Cook ◽  
John C. Semple ◽  
Bernard R. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
P Values ◽  
Statistical Support ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
Morphological Differences

A multivariate morphometric study of Solidago subsection Glomeruliflorae (Torr. & A. Gray) Nesom was undertaken on a matrix of 45 characters by 368 plants to assess the morphological differences among the members of the complex and to determine their appropriate taxonomic ranks. The numbers of a priori groups tested were based on taxa recognized in floristic literature, examination of type specimens and 3214 herbarium specimens, and observations of plants in the field and greenhouse. Analyses were performed to determine statistical support for eight a priori species level groups: Solidago albopilosa E.L. Braun, Solidago caesia  L., Solidago curtisii Torr. & A. Gray, Solidago flexicaulis L., Solidago glomerata Michx., Solidago lancifolia (Torr. & A. Gray) Chapm., Solidago macrophylla  Pursh, and Solidago ouachitensis C.E.S Taylor & R.J. Taylor. Additional analyses were preformed to determine statistical support for varietal level a priori groups within S. caesia and S. curtisii. Statistical support for recognizing all 10 a priori groups varied, although in all analyses, the P values were always well below α of 0.05. Based on the results of the discriminant analyses, the following taxa are recognized: S. albopilosa, S. caesia var. caesia , S. caesia var. zedia , S. curtisii var. curtisii , S. curtisii var. flaccidifolia , S. flexicaulis, S. glomerata, S. lancifolia, S. macrophylla, and S. ouachitensis.

A contribution to the taxonomy of the Carex macloviana aggregate (Cyperaceae) in western Canada and Alaska

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1592-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Whitkus ◽  
John G. Packer
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Numerical Analyses ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Extreme Form ◽  
Ecological Preferences ◽  
Phenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Differences

The Carex macloviana aggregate consists of several phenetically similar taxa in western Canada and Alaska. Small morphological differences among the taxa have led to treatments recognizing either one more inclusive or six less inclusive species. A detailed morphotaxonomic investigation was initiated to delimit species and describe phenetic relationships among them. Results from study of herbarium specimens from the entire geographic range of each taxon and various numerical analyses of Canadian and Alaskan material indicate the taxa C. microptera Mack., C. festivella Mack., and C. limnophila Hermann comprise one species; C. haydeniana Olney is another species, phenetically similar to the first, and C. macloviana D'Urv. and C. pachystachya Cham. ex Steud. are two similar but distinct species. The species were also determined to have different chromosome numbers, geographic distributions, and ecological preferences. A previously unrecognized group of specimens, designated "stubby," was recognized and included in all the analyses to determine its phenetic position within the aggregate. It is concluded that "stubby" represents an extreme form of the variable C. pachystachya.

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