A multivariate morphometric analysis of Solidago subsect. Glomeruliflorae (Asteraceae: Astereae)

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Cook ◽  
John C. Semple ◽  
Bernard R. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
P Values ◽  
Statistical Support ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
Morphological Differences

A multivariate morphometric study of Solidago subsection Glomeruliflorae (Torr. & A. Gray) Nesom was undertaken on a matrix of 45 characters by 368 plants to assess the morphological differences among the members of the complex and to determine their appropriate taxonomic ranks. The numbers of a priori groups tested were based on taxa recognized in floristic literature, examination of type specimens and 3214 herbarium specimens, and observations of plants in the field and greenhouse. Analyses were performed to determine statistical support for eight a priori species level groups: Solidago albopilosa E.L. Braun, Solidago caesia  L., Solidago curtisii Torr. & A. Gray, Solidago flexicaulis L., Solidago glomerata Michx., Solidago lancifolia (Torr. & A. Gray) Chapm., Solidago macrophylla  Pursh, and Solidago ouachitensis C.E.S Taylor & R.J. Taylor. Additional analyses were preformed to determine statistical support for varietal level a priori groups within S. caesia and S. curtisii. Statistical support for recognizing all 10 a priori groups varied, although in all analyses, the P values were always well below α of 0.05. Based on the results of the discriminant analyses, the following taxa are recognized: S. albopilosa, S. caesia var. caesia , S. caesia var. zedia , S. curtisii var. curtisii , S. curtisii var. flaccidifolia , S. flexicaulis, S. glomerata, S. lancifolia, S. macrophylla, and S. ouachitensis.

A multivariate morphometric analysis of the Symphyotrichum boreale – S. nahanniense – S. welshii complex (Asteraceae: Astereae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 1282-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliott Owen ◽  
John C. Semple ◽  
Bernard R. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
First Report ◽  
Statistical Support ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
Morphological Differences

A multivariate morphometric study of the Symphyotrichum boreale – S. nahanniense – S. welshii complex was undertaken to assess the morphological differences between members of the complex and compare them with specimens of S. lanceolatum, a close relative. Discriminant analyses of a matrix of 119 specimens including the S. nahanniense – S. boreale – S. welshii complex and Symphyotrichum lanceolatum, provided significant statistical support for recognizing four distinct taxa. Within the S. nahanniense – S. boreale – S. welshii complex itself, discriminant analysis of 103 specimens reinforced treating the three groups as separate species. The analyses also revealed useful morphological traits that could be used to identify each taxon within the complex. Furthermore, comparisons were made among the four known populations of S. nahanniense. The results also indicated that the range of S. welshii is larger than previously reported and includes Utah, western Wyoming, and rarely further north in Montana and Idaho. Chromosome numbers are reported for Symphyotrichum boreale (2n = 16, first report for Wyoming; 2n = 48, first report for this taxon), S. lanceolatum subsp. hesperium (2n = 64, first reports for Northwest Territories, Canada), S. nahanniense (2n = 16, first reports for this taxon), and S. welshii (2n = 16, first reports for this taxon).

The Solidago rigida complex (Compositae: Astereae): a multivariate morphometric analysis and chromosome numbers

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1800-1807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Heard ◽  
John C. Semple
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Corolla Lobe ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Disc Corolla ◽  
Morphological Differences

A multivariate morphometric study of herbarium specimens of Solidago rigida confirmed that the species was divisible into three groups: a prairie race, a southeastern United States race, and a mid western – northeastern United States race. These groups are given subspecific rank as ssp. humilis, ssp. glabrata, and ssp. rigida, respectively, on the basis of morphological differences and their largely allopatric distributions. They are most easily distinguished on the basis of pubescence, phyllary, and disc corolla lobe traits. Twenty-seven new chromosome counts in two of the three subspecies are reported. Subspecies humilis is diploid (2n = 18); ssp. rigida is diploid in Oklahoma and tetraploid (2n = 36) over most of its range. Subspecies glabrata has been reported previously as diploid (four counts). The following new combinations are made: Solidago rigida ssp. glabrata and S. rigida ssp. humilis.

Typification and taxonomic re-evaluation of Centaurea crnogorica and C. gjurasinii, two neglected yellow-flowered endemics of the Balkan Peninsula (Centaurea sect. Acrocentron, Asteraceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 461 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-124
Author(s):  
JELICA NOVAKOVIĆ ◽  
PATRIK MRÁZ ◽  
DANIJELA STEŠEVIĆ ◽  
PETAR D. MARIN ◽  
BOJAN ZLATKOVIĆ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Locus Classicus

In the most recent taxonomic literature, Centaurea crnogorica and C. gjurasinii, two neglected yellow-flowered taxa of C. sect. Acrocentron, have been treated as heterotypic synonyms of C. chrysolepis. Based on morphometric study, and study of type specimens and living plants from the locus classicus of C. gjurasinii and the only known population of C. crnogorica, as well as from several populations of C. chrysolepis from Eastern Serbia, we have found morphological differences among these three taxa. This has allowed us to re-evaluate taxonomic status of both, C. crnogorica and C. gjurasinii, which merit the species rank. The names C. crnogorica and C. gjurasinii are typified, and new expanded descriptions and illustrations are provided. We assessed also their conservation status. Because of their rarity, both taxa being narow endemics of two mountain ranges in Montenegro (the Durmitor Mts. and the Prokletje Mts.) and having small population sizes, C. crnogorica and C. gjurasinii are evaluated as critically endangered at national and global levels.

A multivariate morphometric study and revision of Aster subg. Doellingeria sect. Triplopappus (Compositae: Astereae): the Aster umbellatus complex

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Semple ◽  
Jerry G. Chmielewski ◽  
Colleen Leeder
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
First Time

A multivariate morphometric study of Aster subg. Doellingeria sect. Triplopappus (Compositae: Astereae) was undertaken to assess the numbers and ranks of taxa that usefully could be recognized. The results of cluster, discriminant, and principal components analyses on a matrix of 362 plants by 11 characters indicated that four species level groups can be recognized: Aster inflrmus, A. reticulatus, A. sericocarpoides, and A. umbellatus. Within A. umbellatus, analyses of a 12-character data matrix on an additional 140 plants and analysis of a second matrix consisting of the data on the 198 plants of the species included in the species-level study supported recognition of two varieties: pubens and umbellatus. The qualitative and quantitative differences between the two varieties were smaller than those among the four species. Using a key to the taxa produced from all results, the distributions of the four species and two varieties were determined from a large sample of herbarium specimens and a nomenclatural synonymy was developed. Some lectotypes and a neotype are designated. All taxa in the section are diploid 2n = 18; chromosome numbers for 42 individuals of A. umbellatus are reported for the first time. Key words: Aster, Doellingeria, Triplopappus, multivariate morphometric study, Aster umbellatus, key.

scholarly journals A Frequentist Alternative to Significance Testing, p-Values, and Confidence Intervals

Econometrics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Trafimow
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Significance Testing ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Null Hypothesis Significance Testing ◽  
P Values ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Major Section

There has been much debate about null hypothesis significance testing, p-values without null hypothesis significance testing, and confidence intervals. The first major section of the present article addresses some of the main reasons these procedures are problematic. The conclusion is that none of them are satisfactory. However, there is a new procedure, termed the a priori procedure (APP), that validly aids researchers in obtaining sample statistics that have acceptable probabilities of being close to their corresponding population parameters. The second major section provides a description and review of APP advances. Not only does the APP avoid the problems that plague other inferential statistical procedures, but it is easy to perform too. Although the APP can be performed in conjunction with other procedures, the present recommendation is that it be used alone.

Taxonomic Re-Examination of the Late Cretaceous Planktonic Foraminiferal Species Archaeoglobigerina Cretacea (d'Orbigny, 1840) and Constraints on Its Morphologic Variability and Stratigraphic Distribution in One of The Type Localities (Kent, SE England)

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-63
Author(s):  
Francesca Falzoni ◽  
Annachiara Bartolini
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Species Concept ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Foraminiferal Species ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Lower Campanian ◽  
Original Drawings

ABSTRACT Distinctive and taxonomically relevant morphological differences exist between the original drawings of Archaeoglobigerina cretacea illustrated by d'Orbigny (1840) and the lectotype designated by Banner & Blow (1960), particularly regarding the equatorial periphery, which is rounded in the former and double-keeled in the latter specimen. Such differences would suggest that they are not conspecific, but this hypothesis cannot be easily tested because d'Orbigny's drawings likely represent a synthesis of observations on several specimens rather than a single individual and the slide intended to contain the lectotype is empty. In this study, we have re-examined the A. cretacea type specimens deposited in the d'Orbigny collection at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris and samples from one of the type localities (Kent, SE England) with the aim to reconstruct d'Orbigny's species concept, clarify its morphological features, and better constrain its stratigraphic distribution. Our study suggests that d'Orbigny's concept for A. cretacea was broad and included unkeeled as well as double-keeled morphotypes. However, assemblages from Kent yield common and large-sized specimens conspecific with the lectotype in the middle Santonian-lower Campanian, while morphotypes resembling the drawings of d'Orbigny are absent. Accordingly, five topotype specimens from the lower Campanian of Kent are herein illustrated in order to stabilize the species concept adopted over the last 60 years on the basis of the lectotype drawing and description. All topotypes possess a wide imperforate peripheral band and a moderately to weakly developed double-keeled periphery. Finally, the description of A. cretacea is emended to exclude specimens that do not possess an imperforate peripheral band and to include those that show curved and weakly beaded spiral sutures.

A new species of genus Hexacentrus Serville, 1831 from Taiwan (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hexacentrinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4933 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-556
Author(s):  
PO-WEI CHEN ◽  
HUI-CONG XIE ◽  
XUE WU ◽  
CHU-ZE SHEN ◽  
ZHU-QING HE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Gene Tree ◽  
Species Level ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
As Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Similar Appearance ◽  
One New Species ◽  
A New Species

There are 29 species or subspecies in genus Hexacentrus occurring in Asia, Africa and Australia. Because of its similar appearance, it is not easy to distinguish them by traditional methods. In this study, we collected samples and sequenced COI genes from wide range. By reconstructing the gene tree, we found one new species, H. formosanus Chen et He sp. nov., from Taiwan. The new species is similar to H. expansus or H. inflatissimus, but differs from the former in male Cu2 vein of left tegmina curved and slender, and spectrum of male left tegmina slender and subsquare; differs from the later by body size smaller and female tegmina narrow and short. The type specimens are deposited in National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan (NMNS). H. japonicus hareyamai is treated as species level, H. hareyamai stat. nov. 

scholarly journals Localization of DNA in the fibrillar components of the nucleolus: a cytochemical and morphometric study.

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 829-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Derenzini ◽  
F Farabegoli ◽  
D Trerè
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Dense Fibrillar Component ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Fibrillar Center ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fibrillar Component ◽  
Resting Lymphocytes ◽  
The Relationship

We studied the distribution of DNA in human circulating lymphocyte nucleoli using three different cytochemical methods for selective visualization of DNA in thin sections: the Feulgen-like osmium-ammine reaction, the NAMA-Ur procedure, and the osmium-ammine staining in glycine buffer, pH 1.5. All three methods indicated the presence of uniformly distributed, highly decondensed DNA filaments forming a large solitary agglomerate in the central part of the nucleolar area, corresponding to the solitary large fibrillar center (FC) as revealed by uranium and lead staining. We also studied the relationship between DNA agglomerates and nucleolar fibrillar components in resting and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocytes by morphometric analysis of the areas occupied by these structures. In resting lymphocytes the mean area of the DNA agglomerates was 0.479 micron 2 +/- 0.161 SD, whereas that of FCs was 0.380 micron 2 +/- 0.149 SD, with a ratio of 1.26. In PHA-stimulated lymphocytes the mean area of the DNA agglomerates was 0.116 micron 2 +/- 0.056 SD, whereas that of the FCs was 0.075 micron 2 +/- 0.032 SD, with a ratio of 1.55. In PHA-stimulated lymphocytes we also measured the area occupied by the FCs plus the closely associated dense fibrillar component (DFC). The mean value of these two fibrillar components was 0.206 micron 2 +/- 0.081 SD. These data demonstrate that decondensed DNA filaments are uniformly distributed in the FCs and that in transcriptionally active nucleoli they are also present in the proximal portion of the DFC surrounding the FCs.

scholarly journals Integrating Multiple and Fine Scale Predictors of Habitat Selection and Landscape Resistance for Amphibian Distribution Modelling at Large Scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Matutini ◽  
Jacques Baudry ◽  
Marie-Josée Fortin ◽  
Guillaume Pain ◽  
Joséphine Pithon
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Landscape Resistance ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Distribution Modelling ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Functional Grain ◽  
Level Analysis

Abstract Context – Species distribution modelling is a common tool in conservation biology but two main criticisms remain: (1) the use of simplistic variables that do not account for species movements and/or connectivity and (2) poor consideration of multi-scale processes driving species distributions. Objectives – We aimed to determine if including multi-scale and fine-scale movement processes in SDM predictors would improve accuracy of SDM for low-mobility amphibian species over species-level analysis.Methods – We tested and compared different SDMs for nine amphibian species with four different sets of predictors: (1) simple distance-based predictors; (2) single-scale compositional predictors; (3) multi-scale compositional predictors with a priori selection of scale based on knowledge of species mobility and scale-of-effect (4) multi-scale compositional predictors calculated using a friction-based functional grain to account for resource accessibility with landscape resistance to movement.Results - Using friction-based functional grain predictors produced slight to moderate improvements of SDM performance at large scale. The multi-scale approach, with a priori scale selection led to ambiguous results depending on the species studied, in particular for generalist species.Conclusion - We underline the potential of using a friction-based functional grain to improve SDM predictions for species-level analysis.

TETROPIUM PARVULUM ELEVATED TO SPECIES RANK AND CONTRASTED TO T. CINNAMOPTERUM IN MORPHOLOGY AND HOST PREFERENCE (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE)

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Raske
Keyword(s):  
Host Preference ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Morphological Differences

AbstractThe morphological differences in the larva and the adult of Tetropium parvulum Casey and T. cinnamopterum Kirby are reported. Diagnostic characters are the urogomphi of the larva. The shape of the eye, scutellum, and genitalic structures and the number of punctures on the pronotum distinguish the adult. The genitalia are also compared with a third species, T. velutinum. Larvae of T. cinnamopterum have been recorded from a number of conifers, while T. parvulum larvae have only been recorded from spruce.A lectotype is designated for T. cinnamopterum. Examination of type specimens confirmed that T. alaskanum Fall is a synonym of T. parvulum and that T. schwarzianum Casey and T. parallelum are close to T. cinnamopterum. A key is given to distinguish T. parvulum from T. cinnamopterum.

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