The influence of grass root systems on growth and form of Trifolium repens

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1034-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Turkington
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Holcus Lanatus ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Whole Plants

Pure swards of the grasses Dactylis glomerata, Holcus lanatus, and Lolium perenne were allowed to grow in boxes in a standard growth medium; one additional set of boxes with no grasses was used as a control. After 43 weeks, all aboveground parts of the grasses were removed by harvesting at 2 cm below ground level. Next, clones of Trifolium repens collected from patches in a pasture dominated by these three grasses were introduced into each of the grass boxes, in all combinations of grass treatment and T. repens origin, and allowed to grow for 16 weeks. Both the site of origin of the T. repens clones and the treatment imposed by the grasses had significant influences on the growth and form of T. repens. Treatment effects were consistent for most characters, and on average, depression of growth was in the following order: Dactylis > Lolium > Holcus > control. This ranking differs from that reported by many other studies where either whole plants or shoot systems alone were used as the treatment effects on T. repens. Key words: interference, growth, morphogenesis, roots, Trifolium repens.

The colonization of dung pats and molehills in permanent pastures

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1706-1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Parish ◽  
Roy Turkington
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Holcus Lanatus ◽  
Community Heterogeneity ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Different Ages

The colonization of areas affected by molehills and dung pats was monitored in three adjacent pastures of different ages. Seedling establishment was infrequent, and most colonization took place by rhizomes, e.g., Agropyron repens and Poa compressa, or by stolons, e.g., Trifolium repens. Tillering species, e.g., Dactylis glomerata, Holcus lanatus, and Lolium perenne, were poor colonizers of disturbed areas. Invasion of gaps by a species was not proportional to its abundance in the pasture. Individual plants are eliminated at random by the disturbances. Small-scale disturbances tend to decrease community heterogeneity. Key words: disturbance, colonization, dung, molehill, pasture.

Influence of neighbors on node production, stolon growth, and branching of Trifolium repens transplants in a pasture

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1266-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Turkington ◽  
Elena Klein
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Holcus Lanatus ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Local Environments ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

Ten individual plants of Trifolium repens L. were transplanted into a 49-year-old cattle pasture in British Columbia. They were protected from grazing and their subsequent growth was monitored at 2- to 3-week intervals throughout the summer from May to October. The rate of stolon elongation was greatest (2.01 cm ∙ week−1) in late July and a maximum rate of node production (1.48 new nodes per stolon ∙ week−1) occurred in early August. As stolons extended through the pasture they encountered a number of different grass species: Dactylis glomerata, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne, Phleum pratense, and Poa spp. The stolons grew through a total of 2 m of H. lanatus neighborhood and produced only 3 branches, whereas they produced 11 branches in only 57.2 cm of P. pratense neighborhood. Neighboring grasses impose different local environments on the nodes and stolons of T. repens and consequently influence the dynamics of node production, the rate of stolon elongation, and the amount of stolon branching. Key words: stolon branching, neighbors, light quality, Trifolium repens.

scholarly journals Comportamiento productivo de pasto ballico perenne solo y asociado con pasto ovillo y trébol blanco

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-353
Author(s):  
Sergio Iban Mendoza Pedroza ◽  
Alfonso Hernández Garay ◽  
Adelaido Rafael Rojas García ◽  
Humberto Vaquera Huerta ◽  
Omar Ramírez Reynoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Se evaluó el pasto ballico perenne (Lolium perenne L.) en monocultivo y cuatro asociaciones con pasto ovillo (Dactylis glomerata L.) y trébol blanco (Trifolium repens L.) en diferentes proporciones para maximizar el rendimiento de materia seca. Las proporciones en monocultivo y las asociaciones de ballico perenne, ovillo y trébol blanco fueron: 100:00:00, 70:20:10, 50:00:50, 40:40:20 y 20:70:10, las cuales se distribuyeron bajo un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con tres repeticiones. Se evaluó el rendimiento de materia seca, composición botánica y morfológica, relación hoja:tallo y densidad de plantas. La asociación 50:00:50 superó 15% (3 671 kg MS ha-1) a la asociación 70:20:10. El ballico perenne contribuyó más al rendimiento de materia seca en otoño e invierno, mientras que el ovillo y trébol blanco en primavera y verano. Independientemente de la asociación la densidad de plantas fue de 29, 25, 20 y 11 plantas m-2 para otoño, invierno, primavera y verano, respectivamente, con un promedio de pérdida de plantas de 62%. La contribución de cada especie en la composición botánica de las asociaciones fue variable durante el periodo de estudio. Ballico perenne aporto el 46, 40, 29 y 14% en otoño, invierno, primavera y verano, observándose una disminución conforme transcurrió el tiempo de evaluación (p< 0.05). La asociación que obtuvo las mejores características del rendimiento fue 50:00:50% de ballico perenne, pasto ovillo y trébol blanco.

scholarly journals A comparison of six grasses for animal production

1992 ◽  
pp. 147-150
Author(s):  
D.R. Stevens ◽  
G.S. Baxter ◽  
M.J. Casey ◽  
K.B. Miller ◽  
R.J. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Prairie Grass

Farmers are aware of the increasing amount of information comparing alternative cultivars in dry environments in New Zealand. Animal production data in cool moist environments was unknown. To compare relative animal performance six different grasses were sown with Grasslands Tahora white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in 0.25 ha plots in two replicates in December 1988 at the Gore Research Centre in Southland. The six grasses were Grasslands Nui perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), Grasslands Roa tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L)., Grasslands Kara cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L). Grasslands Matua prairie grass (Bromus willdenowii Ku&), Grasslands Hakari upland bmme (Bromus sitchensis), and Grasslands Kahu timothy (Phleum pratense L). These pastures were rotationally grazed with goats through spring and summer of the following two years; 2-weekly liveweight gain of 10 goats was recorded. Stocking rate was estimated from the addition of extra goats each week to achieve a residual pasture height of 100 mm. Spring liveweight gains (mid Sept-late Nov) were greatest on timothy and least on prairie grass. Stocking rate in spring was highest on the upland brome and tall fescue pastures and lowest for prairie grass and timothy pastures. Prairie grass pastures produced less total liveweight gain per ha than the other pastures. During summer, goat liveweight gains were ranked similarly to spring. Stocking rates were greatest on upland brome, and lowest on tall fescue. Total liveweight gain per ha in summer was greatest on the timothy pastures and least on prairie grass pastures. Keywords Bromus sitchensis, Bromus willdenowii, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, goats, Lolium perenne. liveweight gain, Phleum pratense, stocking rate, Trifolium repens

scholarly journals Growth and Persistenceof Common Temperature Pasture Species under Low Light and Low R:FR Ratio

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
NR Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Holcus Lanatus ◽  
Agrostis Capillaris ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Poa Trivialis ◽  
R:Fr Ratio ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

The effects of varied PAR and R:FR ratio on tillering and shoot dry weight production of temperate pasture species were evaluated at Massey University New Zealand using split-plot design with four blocks. The main plots were % transmitted PAR (photosynthetically active radiation; mmoles photons m-2 s-1, 400- 700 nm) and R:FR ratios (red to far red ratios) with 2 x 2 factors of PAR and R: FR, i.e. medium (38 and 39%) and low (16 and 17%) PAR-each with two natural (1.33 and 1.34) and two reduced (0.57 each) R:FR ratios. The treatment combination was such that each low and medium PAR level had a natural and a reduced R:FR ratio. PAR levels with natural R: FR ratio were imposed by differing densities of neutral shade cloth (Sarlon) with a layer of clear filter, while low R:FR ratio was created with the use of a blue filter. Nine pasture cultivars of seven pasture species: Dactylis glomerata L., Grasslands Wana (cocksfoot); Dactylis glomerata L., PG 74 (cocksfoot); Dactylis glomerata L., PG 321 (cocksfoot); Lolium perenne L. (perennial ryegrass); Holcus lanatus L. (Yorkshire fog); Agrostis capillaris (browntop); Poa trivialis; Trifolium repens L. (white clover), and Lotus uliginosus (lotus) were grown in pots as subplots with four replicate blocks. Six plants were maintained per pot. Plants were harvested at 61 days after imposing shade. There was no effect of R:FR ratio (P>0.05) on the shoot dry weight per plant, however, significant differences (P<0.05) for PAR, species, and interaction of PAR, species for shoot dry weight was observed. At low PAR, Lolium perenne, Dactylis glomerata (Wana) and Holcus lanatus had the highest and similar yields, whereas the yield of white clover and lotus were similar and less than for all the grass species. Effects of PAR as well as R:FR were significant (P<0.001) for total tillers per plant in the shade. Poa trivialis, Agrostis capillaris and Lolium perenne had the highest number of tillers/plant at the low PAR and low R:FR, but did not contribute to higher shoot dry weight at the low PAR, mainly due to their low weight per tiller. Likewise, SLA was significantly (P<0.01) increased by low PAR but not by low R:FR. Lotus produced a higher (P<0.001) number of branches at the low PAR than white clover. Comparatively better performance of cocksfoot, especially at low PAR, was mainly due to the ability to produce higher leaf area, higher SLA, and more tillers per plant. The results are discussed in terms of the effects of PAR and R:FR on the yield and yield components with respect to the attributes of shade tolerant pasture species. Key words: PAR, R:FR ratio, wana cocksfoot, nui perennial ryegrass, shade J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 27:111-118 (2006)

scholarly journals ЕЛЕМЕНТИ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ СТВОРЕННЯ ПАСОВИЩ ДЛЯ ОЛЕНЯ ЛІСОВОГО В УМОВАХ ВОЛЬЄРНОГО РОЗВЕДЕННЯ

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
L. M. Bugryn ◽  
T. V. Partyka ◽  
O. M. Pokhaliuk
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Vicia Cracca ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Проаналізовано рослинний та ґрунтовий покрив земель, виведених із сільськогосподарського користування під влаштування фермерського мисливського господарства. Видовий склад на території вольєра нараховує 60 видів рослин, більшість з яких представлена різнотрав'ям, а основні злаки характеризуються низькою кормовою цінністю. Бобові представлені тільки розкиданими екземплярами горошку мишачого (Vicia cracca L.) та конюшини повзучої (Trifolium repens L.). Така невелика кількість цінних злакових і бобових трав зумовлює необхідність докорінного покращення наявних пасовищ. Виявлено низьку забезпеченість ґрунтів досліджуваної території поживними елементами, низький ступінь гумусованості, кислу реакцію середовища. Характеристики ґрунту зумовлюють використання як бобового компонента травосуміші лядвенцю рогатого (Lotus corniculatus L.) та конюшини гібридної (Trifolium hybridum L.). Запропоновано в умовах Полісся Західного на середньозволожених луках із мінеральними ґрунтами на територіях, виведених із сільськогосподарського використання, залужувати пасовища для оленя лісового (Cervus elaphus L.) сумішами із тимофіївки лучної (Phleum pratense L.), грястиці збірної (Dactylis glomerata L.), пажитниці багаторічної (Lolium perenne L.), лядвенцю рогатого та конюшини гібридної.

Morphology and position of the shoot apex in some temperate grasses

1994 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wilman ◽  
Y. Gao ◽  
P. J. Michaud
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Large Length ◽  
Below Ground

SUMMARYThe morphology and position of the shoot apex in field swards was studied in 12 grasses for 12 months, in eight related grasses in 2 years, and in seedlings, young tillers and older tillers of Lolium perenne.Lolium multiflorum had relatively large numbers of primordia, long apices, which were above ground or near ground level, and a small length of apex per primordium. Festuca arundinacea had few primordia, a large length of apex per primordium, and apices which were well below ground or near ground level. Lolium perenne, Festuca pratensis and Lolium × Festuca hybrids were intermediate between Lolium multiflorum and Festuca arundinacea in numbers of primordia and length of apex per primordium. Festuca rubra and Dactylis glomerata had rather small numbers of primordia, whereas Phleum pratense had relatively large numbers of primordia and of unemerged and emerged leaves.The numbers of leaf primordia in Lolium perenne increased as the seedling main shoots or the tillers grew older, while the numbers of unemerged leaves per shoot remained more constant.The morphology, position and protection of shoot apices are discussed in relation to differences between species in rate of establishment and persistence.

scholarly journals Dinámica poblacional de plantas y tallos de ballico perenne (Lolium perenne L.) solo y asociado con pasto ovillo (Dactylis glomerata L.) y trébol blanco (Trifolium repens L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Ever Del jesus Flores Santiago ◽  
Alfonso Hernández Garay ◽  
Juan de Dios Guerrero Rodriguez ◽  
Humberto Vaquera Huerta ◽  
Said Cadena Villegas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

El objetivo fue determinar la dinámica poblacional de plantas y tallos del ballico perenne (BP; Lolium perenne L.), solo y asociado con pasto ovillo (PO; Dactylis glomerata L.) y trébol blanco (TB; Trifolium repens L.). Ovinos de la raza Suffolk con Dorset se utilizaron solo como defoliadores. Los tratamientos fueron las proporciones: 100:00:00, 40:20:40, 50:00:50, 20:40:40, 70:20:10, 20:70:10 y 40:40:20% de BP, PO y TB, respectivamente. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Se evaluó la densidad de plantas (DP), densidad de población (DPT), tasa de aparición (TAT), tasa de muerte (TMT) y tasa de sobrevivencia de tallos (TST). La mayor DP promedio en ballico perenne se presentó en otoño-invierno en la asociación 50:00:50 con 13 plantas m2, respectivamente (p < 0.05). La DPT fue diferente (p < 0.05) entre asociaciones; sin embargo, se observó un comportamiento muy variable, siendo en invierno (422 tallos m2) cuando se registraron las mayores DPT (50:00:50; p < 0.05). La asociación 20:40:40 obtuvo la mayor TAT con 7.0 tallos 100 tallos-1, misma que en marzo presentó la mayor TMT al igual que 70:20:10, con 4 tallos 100 tallos-1 en abril, respectivamente (p < 0.05). La dinámica poblacional de plantas y tallos de ballico perenne (DPT, TAT, TMT, TST), no está determinada por la proporción de las especies en las asociaciones, pero si es definida por la estación del año independientemente de las proporciones asociadas.

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