Genetic basis of dormancy and differential response to sodium azide in Avena fatua seeds

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jana ◽  
M. K. Upadhyaya ◽  
S. N. Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Maternal Influence ◽  
Maternal Parent ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Respiratory Inhibitor ◽  
Pure Lines

Seven crosses, involving either nondormant × dormant or dormant × dormant pure lines of wild oats (Avena fatua L.), were made. Selfing of the hybrid and further hybridization were carried out to produce the F2 and reciprocal backcross generations. The seed germination time-course curves of the parents, their F1, and segregating generations over a 20-week period were studied. Differences in time course of germination in these generations were interpreted in terms of a minimum of three interacting loci. Two pure lines, AN51 and MO73, differed in their response to sodium azide, a respiratory inhibitor, with the former being more responsive. In crosses between these lines, the F1 seeds were also more responsive when AN51 was used as the maternal parent. This differential response of two dormant pure lines and their reciprocal F1s suggests maternal influence in germination response to sodium azide.

Variation Within Pure Lines of Wild Oats (Avena fatua) in Relation to Temperature of Development

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen W. Adkins ◽  
Mary Loewen ◽  
Stephen J. Symons
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Pure Lines ◽  
Seed Water Content

Plants of dormant and nondormant wild oat (Avena fatuaL. # AVEFA) lines were grown under temperatures of 15, 20, and 25 C. A number of physiological and morphological characters in the plants and seed of both lines were influenced by temperature. Duration of dormancy in the progeny seed increased in both lines that had experienced low temperatures (15 C) during development, and decreased in seed of both lines that had experienced high temperatures (25 C) during development. High, compared to low, temperatures of development decreased plant height, vegetative and seed development time, seed numbers per plant, seed dry weight, and seed water content.

Variation Within Pure Lines of Wild Oats (Avena fatua) in Relation to Degree of Primary Dormancy

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 859-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen W. Adkins ◽  
Mary Loewen ◽  
Stephen J. Symons
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Primary Dormancy ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Low Degrees ◽  
Pure Lines ◽  
High Degree ◽  
B Lines

The germination of caryopses on water or GA3 solutions was used to characterize the degree of primary dormancy present in the seed progeny of 10 genetically pure lines of wild oats (Avena fatua L. # AVEFA). These 10 lines represented a range of types from lines exhibiting no dormancy to those with a high degree of dormancy. Repeated propagation of these pure lines under constant environmental conditions identified several genetically inherited characters that were associated with the inherited differences in degree of primary dormancy. Correlation of the seed development period, number of primary caryopses produced, and caryopsis moisture content to the degree of primary dormancy shows: a) Lines characterized by low degrees of primary dormancy were, in general, those that had a short seed development time and produced few heavy seed low in percent water; and b) lines characterized by high degrees of primary dormancy were, in general, those that had a long seed development time and produced many light seed high in percent water. The adaptive advantage of the coupling of physiological and morphological characters with degree of dormancy is discussed and the possibility that some characters are determined by others is indicated.

Coadaptation of seed dormancy and hormonal dependence of α-amylase production in endosperm segments of Avena fatua

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1142-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh K. Upadhyaya ◽  
James M. Naylor ◽  
Graham M. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Multiple Alleles ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Amylase Production ◽  
Hormonal Dependence ◽  
Oat Seeds ◽  
Pure Lines

Autonomous (independent of the germinating embryo) α-amylase production was compared in the endosperm segments of some genetically pure lines of Avena fatua L. (wild oats) differing in the duration of their seed dormancy. Endosperm segments from six randomly taken dormant lines showed no α-amylase production unless gibberellic acid (GA3) was supplied. In contrast, endosperm segments from four out of six nondormant lines produced and released substantial amounts of α -amylase and reducing sugars. Thus, natural selection has resulted in coadaptation of seed dormancy and a rigorous dependence of endosperm hydrolysis on gibberellins produced by the germinating embryo. The variability in the degree of autonomy amongst nondormant lines indicates that the observed coupling of these two traits in dormant lines is not due to simple pleiotropy, but probably reflects the action of multiple genetic loci or multiple alleles. These results also indicate that long-term endosperm stability confers little advantage in wild oat seeds predisposed to brief periods of residence in soil.

Dormancy studies in seed of Avena fatua. 8. Genetic diversity affecting response to temperature

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (18) ◽  
pp. 2224-2229 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Naylor ◽  
P. Fedec
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Strong Suppression ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Pure Lines ◽  
Response To Temperature

Experiments are reported which demonstrate the interaction of temperature with genotype in controlling germination in wild oats. In some pure lines germination of newly matured seeds occurs at all temperatures in the range 4–32 °C. Other pure lines exhibit strong suppression of germination in the midportion of this temperature range. The possible adaptive significance of this dimorphism in nature is discussed.

Dormancy studies in seed of Avena fatua. 9. Demonstration of genetic variability affecting the response to temperature during seed development

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramma Sawhney ◽  
J. M. Naylor
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Primary Dormancy ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Pure Lines ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Two Temperature

Experiments are reported which demonstrate characteristic differences among pure lines of wild oats in the degree to which seed dormancy is influenced by temperature during seed development. In some lines, high temperature during seed maturation greatly reduced the duration of primary dormancy; in others, this effect was relatively slight. Evidence is discussed that two temperature-sensitive physiological processes influence the duration of dormancy in this species.

Barban Selectivity for Wild Oat in Wheat

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Neidermyer ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Wild Oats

The response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) to barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl-m-chlorocarbanilate) was studied as influenced by plant morphology and air temperature after application. Growth of wheat and wild oat seedlings was reduced by barban at 0.3 μg and 0.6 μg applied to the first node, respectively. Barban application to the base and midpoint of the first leaf blade required a lower dose to reduce wild oat growth than wheat growth. Increased tillering occurred from barban injury to the main culm in wheat. Wheat and wild oat susceptibility to barban increased as the post-treatment temperature decreased from 32 to 10 C. Barban selectivity for wild oats in wheat was greater at 27 and 21 C than at 16 and 10 C.

Dormancy studies in seed of Avena fatua. 10. On the inheritance of germination behaviour

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (15) ◽  
pp. 1663-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jana ◽  
S. N. Acharya ◽  
J. M. Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Seed Maturation ◽  
Germination Behaviour ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Pure Lines

Breeding experiments were performed with pure lines of Avena fatua differing characteristically in duration of primary seed dormancy. The results indicate that the parental lines differ for at least three genes controlling rate of afterripening. It is evident that at least two of these genes influence the rate of afterripening at different periods after seed maturation.

Dynamics of competition between wild oats (Avena fatua L.) and winter cereals

Weed Research ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. COUSENS ◽  
S. E. WEAVER ◽  
T. D. MARTIN ◽  
A. M. BLAIR ◽  
J WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Winter Cereals
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